Amy Ng, Bong Chui San, Kueh Mei Chiun, Lilian Lai, Stephanie Lai, Trisha

CARBOHYDRATES
Carbohydrates consist of the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. The H : O ratio in all carbohydrates molecules is 2: 1. There are three main types of carbohydrates

CARBOHYDRATES

Monosaccharides (Simple Sugars) Glucose Frutose Galactose

Disaccharides ( Complex Sugar ) Maltose Sucrose Lactose Polysaccharides

Starch

Cellulose

Glycogen

Formation & Breakdown through Condensation and Hydrolysis

Disaccharides Condensation consist of two monosaccharides joined together through condensation

Examples of disaccharides are maltose (malt sugar ), sucrose ( sugar

cane)and lactose ( milk sugar ) Glucose glucose

CONDENSATION
CONDENSATION CONDENSATION

maltose

water

Glucose
Glucse

fructose
galactose

sucrose
lactose

water
water

 Hydrolysis a chemical reaction that involves the breaking up of large molecules by

adding water to them ( hydro : water ; lysis : break )

HYDROLYSIS HYDROLYSIS HYDROLYSIS

 Polysaccharides Condensation
hundreds or thousands can be linked through condensation reaction to form a long chain of molecules or a polymers. formed by the condensation of glucose monomers. insoluble in water do not taste sweet and do not crystallise Examples : Starch, glycogen, and cellulose.

Hydrolysis
can be hydrolysed or broke down into smaller molecules by adding dilute acids, by boiling and through enzymatic reaction.