TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT...iii
LIST OF FIGURESvii
LIST OF TABLES...ix
LIST OF ACRONYMS....x
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Wireless sensor network (WSN) ........................................................................................... 1
1.2. Hardware component of a sensor node ................................................................................ 2
1.3. Evolution of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN): .................................................................. 3
1.4. Design issues of a wireless sensor network: ........................................................................ 3
1.4.1. Required mechanisms: ................................................................................................... 7
1.5.

Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks:..................................................................... 9

1.6.

Wireless sensor and actuator network (WSAN) ............................................................ 11

1.7.

Issues and Challenges in WSAN.................................................................................... 14

CHAPTER 2 - LITERATURE SURVEY ................................................................................. 17

2.1. Effective communication and coordination between the sensor nodes and between
sensor and actuator nodes .......................................................................................................... 17
2.2. Effective communication and coordination between actuator nodes and the actuator
control action: ............................................................................................................................ 20
CHAPTER 3 - PROBLEM FORMULATION ............................................................................. 22
3.1. Thesis Problem statement: ................................................................................................. 22
3.2. Motivation of the work ....................................................................................................... 23
3.3. Objective of the thesis work ............................................................................................... 23
CHAPTER 4 - METHODOLOGY AND IMPLEMENTATION ................................................ 25
4.1. Congestion in sensor networks ........................................................................................... 26

4.2. Clustering process in WSN ................................................................................................ 26

4.3. Solution for effective communication and coordination between the sensor nodes and
between the actuator and sensor nodes in centralized scenario ................................................ 29
4.4. Proposed algorithm of clustering scheme .......................................................................... 32
4.5. Matrix representation of the proposed clustering algorithm .............................................. 34
4.6. Calculation of residual energy in node after n number of rounds of communication ........ 37
4.7. Proposed research plan for effective communication and coordination between the
actuator nodes in centralized scenario ....................................................................................... 40
4.8. Linear programming simplex method ................................................................................ 40
4.8.1. Standardized form of linear programming .................................................................. 42
4.8.2. Steps involved in linear programming simplex method .............................................. 43
4.8.3. Special cases of simplex method for its failure cause ................................................. 44
4.8.4. Application of linear programming in effective communication and coordination
between the actuator control action ....................................................................................... 45
4.9. Pseudo code of centralized scenario................................................................................... 46
4.10. Proposed research plan for effective communication and coordination between the
sensor nodes, between the actuator and sensor nodes and between the actuators nodes in
distributed scenario: .................................................................................................................. 48
4.11. Pseudo code of distributed scenario ................................................................................. 55
CHAPTER 5 - EXPERIMENTAL SETUP .................................................................................. 57
5.1. Wireless sensor network hardware ..................................................................................... 60
5.2. Lighting experiment procedure: ......................................................................................... 64
CHAPTER 6 - RESULT ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSION ...................................................... 78
CHAPTER 7 - FUTURE SCOPE ................................................................................................. 81
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 82