PATANJALI

I.A.S. CLASSES
artist" hut rr'ith the ovcr-all view
of solllc(,ne cognizarrt oi iiic as a tqtalit-i.
ip spcaking
.l
"specuiative
philosophl".
which hc distin-sr.rishes
fronr
"uiticitl
rrnil"r"frr|: i:.i, Ilmad
-savs...lts
object is to take ot'er tirc qesults
of the various
scicnccs, to adtl to thcm thl results,f
tlrc religious
and
ethical experiences ol' nralkirrd. artd then to rellect upon the rvhole.
The hope is that. b1, rhis *reans.
wc nlaY be ahle to tcach some gctlcral conclusions
as lo the naturc of thc u'ir.crsc.
a.d as to our
position and prospcclrs
in it."
silrcc the dirccrion ol'lcarnirrg during thc pust ccntur)'Iras
hccn ioriard arral;,sis, specializ.atiorr.
and
thc li'agmeiltatitlrt ol-knorvledgc,
it is rtell to kcep in rnind that rnanv ot'the grcat plilosophers
6a'c
refused to confinr:lhcir
attcntitrn to sonrcorlc orc'en a fcrv aspects ()f
.*p"rl.,,...
plato.
Arist.tle,
Aquinas. flegel' Bergson. Dnlcy. and whitehcail.
to mention
onl1. a tl.w.. havc s.uglrt t(r gairl
a
conrprehensive visiolr of things.
lvhile thcre are dilllculties
and dangers in-scttin-q ibrth anl,uorlcl
'ic*-
there.rrc alsu da*gers
irr
contining onels attctttiott to ft'agme'{s
ol'hur:ra, .*p.ri.nce. 'i
n. aong.r;;t'
;; sorr ol- ,arrow
specialization *{ricli either reluses to totlk hcr.nd iis orvn lirtlc pro'ir1cc
or trears as ,o,scnsical
atlenlpls to go bcYotttl it l'ar outrveish tirc risks ol'attcnrpting
arvorltl
'icrv.
'
roncrtpls'
('c[lairrl-r
rlris is i,n.;liuriti,rri
ot'plriiusuphr,.
G lr.r- ,,cr,rlv ali
,lri6sr,1il,.i, 1r,,,. ur.,.i
ilrc some pliilttsophcrs-
irtdeccl. rvlro see tlris as tlrc rnain tast ol'plriiosopiir."
iuid a lc* *li. clairn t'is '
is tlrc ortlv lcgitinrate lirrtctiorr of philosophr'.
suclr persons
consi,lcr plrikr.s.pl*'r.specializcd
Ijcltl
serYing ilrc science's ancl aiding iri thc clariiicatiurr
ot'lungu"g.
,,,,tr., tlran a bioal licll rcflccting
upo, all of Iit'e's expcricnccs.
'['l,i-, outlo.k is rccenr-u.,J
h*;;i,,.].i.]u,,riaerablc
support d'ri,s rlre
last hallccniur\'' It urrtrlcl lirrtir rtlrut rvc clll krr*u'lctlge
loitatcnrcnts
abo6t obser:r,atilc
ljrcts anLi
tlteir intcrtellrlions --
that is- t, tlic business ol'rhc rrrioui
scienccs.
.{ll iing,,irtic: ,ru6.sts-
h.*ertr.
'
do not dcfinc kn.*lcdqc
so tt.:'ro*'lr'. \VIiilc ii*i ri. rc.iect a'tl r,-, toll.l.l.l ;;;;:-,;;;; r.,,,r.i,..,,,,i*-'
r :i:::::11,',
ttrartt' or'thcl, tnirk rlrar ue .r; ;;,,. il;il;;;
.;;Jl; pri*ciptes
a,irl rtre tikc. rhi,*slr
thrs kttorvledqt-r is ltlso expericirtiall'dcrivetl-
iho.sc nlro take t!:c ,rrrr.,rr,.'. r.ielr, irtqlccr.
;;.;;',;;:,
do not denl'- all gcncralizctl
u't,rkl virri's antl iilt riervs.
as rvell ,tir,.,liriu,,al
rn.rai pilirurupi,,
,uii
llttokt!r'' FIortt this ltturc ni.u'r.(itr poinr til'r i,-u ilrc ripr ,,i'pirii,,,,,,1.,i,,
l, ,,, :,r;,,rJ.;;;ilr,ri,,,,
,,,,,1
"
ft,.
''*-'c,rs.,ir.
anrl to clarifv the nreanintarrd
usc o{'rcnrrs in science an,l cr,.rr.cl;r' allairs.
:l:.:,:'i:]11 !].*-l]li:
problents iiiriiir intcr'csr nxrnRiirtf.aIil-rrrr-ntirr
i,t;m.;om;,;,:. ,,,,r,.
::l:l{,: :*:,,:crs.
l,hiios.phy
pLcssrs i1.s inquir,r rirt. rnc tlccpe r p,i,trtc,,is
,,t.;;,;;;;; i;r;,*i-,..
;:r;:,;
thc lirne of -l.hn I-ochc in trre se'e,tcc*rh
cerrrn. It4an1. ryuesti,,;;;,;
irr)tl,er er, ltale hccrt ar]S\\r,;.r,
onh' tcntativtlv.
and nlanv pr(jirlcnts rcntriri unr,rli r,l.
l'lriltrsolllrr, antl [,i li.
t/r'ar\
pcl.\1lll tltttsl tllltke decisions attd act. Il'u'e are ro dcciile rvisell,a'd
act consistcnlir.
r.,r: r'
llct'd to di:co','cr'rllucs
arr.l tlic mcaning.i.rlririgs.
Lifl lirrcc-s u, u, ,ur,k" .iiil',,;;.-i;,,',;,,
,,;
thcbasis"l's.i)te
scrtl:trl *tlucs. \\'e hni.'r\)(t;idrquesti.*s,,1:,r,,,j,.,,i,;ir;,.
.1.lrcrrrrr
rtrrii
ugli,css. u*d rll' rii:lrt lnil
1.r,
rorg. I'he sc,r r h l, rr
strndarcls artl gtral, is ,,n i".,r,;, i,,,,,
;i
;, ;,..
task ol'Iirilositllllr'.
i'hii,',"oI'rlr-t' is intcrcsr'-,1 ::l
thc qtulitatirr"aspcct
.l'thirrgs
lr rciirs.-..i i,,
disrcgtrtl tttr' :l'.llltctitiC 3!'r.1,,'C1 rrl'lrrrrtrurt c).;,.:r: :rcc.tilJ .seek-s L, li,rilrr:l.ri;
sluiltl,rrds
untJ r:i:l,j . ; :
lltc tnosi ...r5rr,,:,1;ld rilr
Aiier :is!.. r! 1rr,,,.il,r,,jffi"
h,,#,*,,,.,,
l.r..r:,:rin s.i,. s thrl,, ,.,
ll)cll
'rrl
'(' '''.li..
ltl: ttl !ll,tt,' lhtt:., ,: .
h ilt, ttttl t/t,tti ttil;t ttti(,,t\.
l)tri ,,illl
tnrir,
-t-.
l*