ukodkvftukodkvfud&d,moHk;rsKd;

puK0dnmP0DxdjzpfyHk

pdwfjzpfpOfudk 0DxdvkdYac:w,f? jrifodpdwfjzpfyHkudk
tbd"rmvmtwdkif; jyygr,f?
twDwb0if-vGefcJYwJh b0ifpdwf?
b0*Fpve- vIyf&Sm;wJhb0ifpdwf?
b0*Fkyap'-b0iftvsifudk jzwfoef;wJhpdwf?
y'Gg&m0Zef;-tmHkudk qifjcifwJhpdwf?
puK0dnmOf-jrifodpdwf?
or#dpdKef;-tmHkudkvufcHwJhpdwf?
oED&P-tmHkudkpl;prf;wJhpdwf?
0ka|m (raem'Gg&0Zef;)-qHk;jzwfcsufcswJhpdwf?
aZm-tmHkudk cHpm;wJhpdwf?
w'gHk-aZmeJYtmHkwlwJhpdwf?
b0if-b0ifpdwftBudrfrsm;pGm/

ukodkvfaZmu aemufaemufukokdvfaZmeJY aemufuw'gHktAsmuwudk
teE&owdeJYaus;Zl;jyKw,f? tukodkvfaZmu
aemufaemuftukodkvfaZmeJY aemufu
w'gHktAsmuwudkteE&owdeJY aus;Zl;jyKw,f?

ud&d,maZm tAsmuww&m;uaemufaemuf ud&d,maZmtAsmuww&m;eJY
w'gHktAsmuwudk teE&owdeJY aus;Zl;jyKw,f?

aZma&SUrSmjzpfwJh 0ka|m (raem'Gg&m0Zef;) tAsmuww&m;u
aemufaemufukodkvfaZm tukodkvfaZmawGudk
teE&owdeJYaus;Zl;jyKw,f/

05. oreE&ypnf;

oreE&ypa,m-pnf;pdrfrruf awmBuD;xGufonfhpu0wfrif;zsm;
om;BuD;tm;okdY tjcm;rJYae pdwfESifYapudk rauGodyfoJ
wpfpdwfxJodkY tuGJtjym;tMum;r&Sd rdrdESifYwlpGm
aus;Zl;jyKEdkifaomowd&Sdaom oreE&ypnf;w&m;onf? twd-
yk*dKvfow0g oligraESm w&m;oabmom xif&Sm;&Sdygonfwum;/

teE&ypnf;eJY oreE&ypnf; twlwlygyJ? odyfrxl;ygbl;?
ewd {awoH tE&Ed [d teE&m? {awoH-
pdwfESifY,SOfbufw&m;wdkYtm;? tE&H-Mum;jcm;rIonf? ewd-
r&Sdygay?wd-xdkYaMumifh? teE&H-teE&rnf\?
teE&qdkwm wpfckeJYwpfckMum;udk ac:w,f? Mum;[aewJhoabm
wpfqufwnf;r[kwfwJhoabm? teE&qdkwm Mum;[aewmr&Sdbl;?
Mum;jcm;aewmr&Sdbl;? wpfqufwnf;vdkY t"dym,f&w,f?
oPmembm0awm ok|K teE&mwd oreE&m? oPmembm0awm-
tqif;yHkoPmefr&Sdjcif;aMumifh? ok|K-aumif;pGm? teE&m-
tjcm;rJYaom?tjcm;r&Sdaomw&m;rsm;? oreE&m-
tqif;yHkoPmefr&Sdjcif;aMumifh aumif;pGmtjcm;r&Sdaomw&m;rsm;?
AsOear0 [d emeH-Asnf;tu&mom xl;ygw,fwJh?






06. o[Zmwypnf;
o[Zmwypa,m-tvif;jzpfrI qDrD;jyKonfh wEKyrmo[Zmwm emrESifhkyf
blwkyg'goaEcgvnf; 0dyg0wK ,if;ajcmufcktm; wljim;t|obm*wGif
wuGrauGjzpfapjcif;[laomo[Zmwowdxl;jzifY
aus;Zl;jyKjcif;vuPm&Sdaom emrfr[mb k 0wK0yd gu o[Zmwajcmuyf
g;ypnf;w&m;on?f twd-yk*dKvf
ow0g oligraESm w&m;oabmom xif&Sm;&Sdygonfwum;/

o[Zmw-o[qdkwm twlwuG? Zmwqkdwmu jzpfwm?kyfemrfw&m;awG
twlwuGjzpfaeMuw,f? 'Dvdk twlwuG
jzpfaeMuwJhkyfemrfw&m;awGxJrSm yk*dKvfow0g r&Sd?
igyJolyJqdkwmr&Sd?a,musfm;rdef;rqdkwmr&Sd? kyfemrfw&m;awG
olYoabmeJYol twlwuGjzpfaeMuw,f? 'g o[Zmwypnf;ac:w,f/

pwma&m cEm tlydaem tnrnH o[Zmwypa,e ypa,m/

a0'em onm ocFg& 0dnmOf qdkwJh
emrfcEmav;yg;wdkY[mtcsif;csif;twlwuG jzpfazmfjzpfzuf
taxmuftyHhtm;jzifhaus;Zl;jyKwwfwJh o[Zmwyp,owdeJY
aus;Zl;jyKaeMuw,f?

o[Zmwypnf;[m emrfcEmav;yg;eJYyJ qdkifw,f?lyuEmeJYrqdkifbl;

a0'emuEm cHpm;rIoabmtpkta0;?
okca0'em 'kua0'em Oayuma0'em vdkY oHk;rsKd;&Sdw,f?
aumif;wmudk jrif& Mum;&arT;&BudKif& pm;aomuf& 0wfqif&
xdawGUcHpm;oHk;aqmif&awmh
csrf;omw,f? okca0'emac:w,f?
raumif;wmudk jrif&Mum;&eH& pm;aomuf& 0wfqif&
xdawGUoHk;pGJ&awmh qif;&Jw,f? 'ku
a0'em ac:w,f?
omreftm;jzifY aumif;wmvnf;r[kwf? qdk;wmvnf;r[kwf?
trIrJhtrSwfrJhcHpm;&wJhtcg csrf;omwmvnf;
r[kwf? qif;&Jwmvnf; r[kwfbl;? Oayuma0'em ac:w,f?

onmuEm-rSwfom;rItpkta0;?
onmqdkwm rSwfom;wm? ta&SU taemuf awmif ajrmu fpojzifY
trnfynwfawGudk vkdufNyD;rSwfom;wm?

ocFg&uEm
ocFg&qdkwm vdk&if;ajym&&if tvkyfvkyfwJhpdwf?
vIyf&Sm;wJhpdwfygyJ? vIyf&Sm;wJhtvkyfvkyfwJhpdwf[m aumif;wJh
toGifeJYwpfrsKd;? raumif;wJhtoGifeJYwpfrsKd; ESpfrsKd;&Sdw,f?
wpfenf;ajym&ifum,uHvIyf&Sm;wJh um,ocFg&? 0pDuHvIyf&Sm;wJh
0pDocFg&? pdwf
vIyf&Sm;wJh raemocFg& vdkY oHk;rsKd;&Sdw,f? tm;vHk;
ocFg&uEmyJ/

0dnmPuEm qdkwm todpdwfav;ygyJ?
pdwftusOf; 89yg;? tus,f 121 yg;&Sdw,f?
rdrdwdkYomrefyk*dKvfawG&JU oEmefrSm awmh pdwf[m 45
yg;avmufyJjzpfw,f? tukodkvfpdwf 12 yg;vHk;jzpfw,f? t[dwfpdwf 18 yg;xJu
bk&m;&[EmrSmomjzpfwJh [odwkyg'fpdwfrSwyg; usef 17 yg; jzpfw,f?
r[mukodkvfpdwf 8 yg;?r[m0dygufpdwf 8 yg;jzpfw,f? aygif;vkdufawmh 45
yg;jzpfw,f/



pwma&m r[mblwm tnrnH o[Zmwypa,e ypa,m/
yx0D tmayg awaZm 0ga,m (Solid / Liquid / Gas / Heat (Energy))
qdkwJh"mwfBuD;av;yg;[m vnf; wpfyg;u oHk;yg;? oHk;yg;u wpfyg;?
ESpfyg;u ESpfyg;? tcsif;csif;tjyeftvSef twljzpfvsuf aus;Zl;jyKaeMuw,f/

MouEduaP emrlyH tnrnH o[Zmwypa,eypa,m/
yOa0gum& y#doaEcPrSm y#doaEeJY [',0wKkyfwdkY[m tcsif;csif;
o[Zmwypnf;eJY aus;Zl;jyKaeMuw,f/

pdwapwodum "rm pdwork|memeH lygeH o[Zmwypa,e
ypa,m/
pdwfapwodufw&m;awG[m pdwfaMumifhjzpfwJh
pdwZkyf?y#doaEurZkyfwkdYudk o[Zmwypnf;eJY aus;Zl;jyKw,f/

r[mblwm Oyg'glygeH o[Zmwypa,e ypa,m/

"mwfBuD;av;yg; r[mbkwfw&m;rsm;u rSDNyD;jzpfwJh Oyg'gkyf 24
yg;wdkYudk o[Zmwypnf;eJY aus;Zl;jyKw,f/

yx0D tmayg awaZm 0ga,m qdkwJh "mwfBuD;av;yg;[m tjcm;kyfawGxuf
oabmvuPm txnfudk,fj'yftaeeJYBuD;us,fxif&Sm;vdkY ]]r[mblw-
r[mbkwf}}vdkY ac:w,f? 'Dr[mbkwfBuD;av;yg;udk rSDjzpfae&wJhkyfu
24 yg;&Sdw,f? tJ'D 24yg;udk olwpfyg;udk
rSDckdtm;xm;NyD;jzpfae&vdkY Oyg'gkyfac:w,f/

lyDaem"rm tlyDeH "rmeH udOdumav o[Zmwypa,e
ypa,m? udOdumav e o[Zmwypa,e yp
a,m/
[',0wKkyfw&m;u yOa0gum&y#doaE emrfcEmw&m;wdkYudk
y#doaEcPrSm o[Zmwypnf;eJY aus;Zl;jyKw,f?y0wdtcgrSmawmh
aus;Zl;rjyKbl;/
ESvHk;om;tv,fu ykef;nufaphcefY wGif;av;xJrSm aoG;awGtjynhf&Sdw,f
tJ'DESvHk;aoG;xJrSm kyfawGysHUESHYNyD;awmh aeMuw,f? 'gudk
]][',0wKkyf}} vdkYac:w,f? 'D[',0wKkyf[my#doaEtcdkufrSm
y#doaEemrfcEmwdkYudk o[Zmwypnf;eJYaus;Zl;jyKygw,f?
y0wdtcgusawmh o[Zmwr[kwfawmhbl;?
yka&ZmwjzpfoGm;w,f/
y0wd qdkwm Oyg'fXDbifqdkwJh y#doaEpdwuP&JU
aemufydkif;jzpfwJhtcsdef[m y0wdyJ? y#doaEcP&JUaemufydkif;
trd0rf;wGif;u ruRwfrcsif; udk;v? q,fv[m y0wdyJ? b0 a[mif;eJY
b0opfudk qufpyfay;vkdufwJhcPav;udk pmvdk y#doEd?
jrefrmvdky#doaEac:ygw,f? b0ESpfck&JU tquftpyf kyfoabm
emrfoabmoufoufrQav;yJ? y#doaEtcdkufrSmjzpfwJh [',0wKkyf[m
'DtcdkufrSmjzpfwJh emrfcEmwdkYudk o[ZmwowdeJY aus;Zl;jyKygw,f/
/


07. tnrnypnf;

tnrnypa,m -opfom;oHk;cG csif;csif;rodkY
Oyum&maxmufyHhvmaomemrfr[mbk0wKemrftm; wl&Spfyg;wGif
axmufxm;vSefyif; tcsif;csif;[laom tnrnowdxl;jzifh aus;Zl;jyKjcif;
vuPm&Sdaom emrfr[mbk 0wK0dygu tnrnoHk;yg;ypnf;w&m;onf?
twd-yk*dKvfow0g igolraESm w&m;oabm
om xif&Sm;&Sdygonfwum;/

tnrnypnf;qdkwm tcsif;csif;aus;Zl;jyKw,fvkdYt"dym,f&w,f?
ZeD;armifESHtcsif;csif; wpfOD;udkwpfOD; aus;Zl;jyKovdk tcsif;csif;
tjyeftvSefaus;;Zl;jyKwmudk tnrnypnf;vdkYac:ygw,f/

pwma&m cEm tlydaem tnrnypa,e ypa,m/
emrfcEmav;yg;[m wpfyg;u oHk;yg;? oHk;yg;u wpfyg;?ESpfyg;uESpfyg;
tcsif;csif;aus;Zl;jyKaeMuw,f/

pwma&m r[mblwm tnrnypa,e ypa,m/
r[mbkwfav;yg;[mvnf; tcsif;csif;axmufyHhNyD; tnrnypnf;eJY
aus;Zl;jyKaeMuw,f/

MouEduaP emrlyH tnrnypa,e ypa,m/
yOa0gum& y#doaEcPrSm y#doaEemrfcEmeJY [',0wKkyfwdkY[m
tcsif;csif;tnrnypnf;eJY aus;Zl;jyKaeMuw,f/


]]pdwfjzpfwdkif;jzpfwdkif; pdwf&JUaemufrSm pdwZkyfawG
vkdufjzpfaeMuw,f? ukodkvfpdwfjzpf&if aemufrSm
aumif;wJhpdwZkyfjzpfw,f? tukodkvfjzpf&if aemufrSm
raumif;wJhpdwZkyfjzpfw,f?
aumif;wJhpdwZkyfjzpfawmh kyfuaumif;w,f? Munfw,f?oefYw,f?
cefYw,f? &Sif;w,f?
raumif;wJhpdwZkyfjzpfawmh kyfuraumif;bl;? rMunfbl;? roefYbl;?
rcefYbl;? r&Sif;bl;? IyfIyfaxG;
axG; rIefrIefawaw wif;wif;rmrm jzpfaewwfw,f/

ukodkvfpdwftjzpfrsm;wJholrSm rsufESmu MunfvifvdkY? jzLpifvdkY?
oefY&Sif;vdkY? at;csrf;vdkY? nifomvkdY? aysmYaysmif;vdkY
Munhf&wm tifrwefusufoa&&Sdw,f?
rsufESmrSm rMunfvifwm? rjzLpifwm? roefY&Sif;wm? rat;csrf;wm?
rnifomwm? cufxefwm?wif;rmwm? IyfaxG;aewmtm;vHk;[m
tukodkvfpdwfawG tjzpfrsm;vdkYomrSwf? }}

pdwapwodum "rm pdwork|memeH lygeH ed,ypa,e ypa,m/
pdwfapwodufw&m;awG[m pdwfaMumifhjzpfwJh
pdwZkyfy#doaEurZkyfawGudk ed,ypnf;eJY
aus;Zl;jyKaeMuw,f/

pum,weH puK0dnmP"mwk,m wH or,kwumeO "rmeH
ed,ypa,e ypa,m/
rsufpdtMunfyom' pum,wekyfw&m;u jrifodpdwf puK0dnmP"mwfeJY
,SOfbufw&m;awGudk rSD&mwnf&m ed,ypnf;eJY aus;Zl;jyKaew,f/

em;xJutMunf"mwf aomwm,wekyfw&m;u Mum;odpdwfqdkwJh
aomwm0dnmP"mwfeJY ,SOfbufw&m;awGudkrSD&mwnf&m
ed,owdeJY aus;Zl;jyKaeygw,f/

ESmacgif;xJutMunf"mwf Cmem,wekyfw&m;u &eHYodpdwf
Cme0dnmP"mwfeJY ,SOfbufw&m;awGudk
ed,owdeJYaus;Zl;jyKaeygw,f/

vQmay:utMunf"mwf Zd0Sm,wekyfw&m;u t&omodpdwf
Zd0Sm0dnmP"mwfeJY ,SOfbufw&m;awGudk
ed,owdeJYaus;Zl;jyKaeygw,f/

cEmudk,ftMunf"mwf um,m,wekyfw&m;u xdodpdwf
um,0dnmP"mwfeJY ,SOfbufw&m;awGudk ed,owdeJYaus;Zl;jyKaew,f/

tMunf"mwf yom'kyfig;yg;udk rSDNyD;awmh
0dnmP"mwfig;yg;eJ Y ,SOfbufw&m;awG jzpfaeMuw,f/

,HlyH edm, raem"mwkp raem0dnmP"mwkp0wEd?
wHlyH raem"mwk,m p? raem0dnmP"mwk,m p wH or,kwumeO
"rmeH ed,ypa,e ypa,m/
[',0wKkyf udk trSDjyKNyD;awmh tmHkudk
odHkrQodwwfwJhpdwf raem"mwfeJY tmHkudk txl;odwwfwJh
BuHodpdwf raem0dnmP"mwfwdkYjzpfMuw,f?
[',0wKkyf [m raem"mwf? raem0dnmP"mwfeJY ,SOfbufw&m;awGudk
rSD&mwnf&med,owdeJY
aus;Zl;jyKw,f/

[',0wKudk enf;enf;&Sif;jy&r,f? ]]['Ed wHwH twH0g tewH0g
yla&Ed {awemwd [',H}} vdkY t|uxmu zGifhw,f? jrefrmvdk
aumif;usKd;qdk;usKd;udk jynhfapaMumif;w&m;vkdYt"dym,f&w,f?
aumif;usKd;qdk;usKd;rSeforQ jynhfapaMumif;w&m;udk ]][',-
ESvHk;om;}} vdkYac:w,f/

avmuDpm acwf0wKawGxJrSm ESvHk;om;u
aygufzGm;vmwJhtcspfvdkY wifpm;Muw,f? wu,fawmh
tcspfwifr[kwfbl;?trkef;[mvnf; ESvHk;om;u aygufzGm;vmwmyJ?
tcspfqdkwJh&m*?trkef;qdkwJha'go? pdwfqif;&JwJha'gre?
pdwfcsrf;omwJhaomrepwJh taumif;tqdk;tm;vHk;[m ESvHk;om;rS
aygufzGm;vm
Muwmcsnf;yJ/

raem"mwf? raem0dnmP"mwfwdkY[m [',0wKkyfudkrSDNyD;awmh
jzpfMu&w,f? [',0wKkyfu raem"mwf? raem0dnmP"mwfwdkYudk
rSD&mwnf&m ed,owdeJY aus;Zl;jyKaew,f/

umrbHkrSm puK aomw Cme Zd0Sm um, [',
vdkY0wKkyfajcmufyg;vHk;&Sdw,f? 0wKkyfajcmufyg;udk
puK0dnmP"mwfpwJh "mwfckepfyg;u rSDNyD;awmhjzpfMuw,f?

lybHkrSm puK aomw [', vdkY 0wKkyf oHk;yg;yJ&Sdw,f?
'DoHk;yg;udk trSDjyKNyD;awmh lypdwfawG jzpfMu&w,f?
"mwfeJYajym&if puK0dnmP"mwf? aomw0dnmP"mwf? raem"mwf?
raem0dnmP"mwfav;yg;jzpfMu&w,f/

lyjA[mawGrSm bk&m;zl; w&m;emqdkwJh rsufpdeJY
em;yJtvkyfvkyf&w,f? useftvkyfawG rvdkbl;? ESmacgif;&Sdw,f?
tMunf"mwfr&Sdbl;? &eHYvJrodbl;? vQm&Sdw,f? tMunf"mwfr&Sdbl;?
t&om
rodbl;? cEmudk,f&Sdw,f? tMunf"mwfr&Sdbl;/

tlybHkrSm raem0dnmP"mwf wpfyg;wnf;yJ&Sdw,f?
'Draem0dnmP"mwf[m tlybHkrSm rSD&m0wKr&SdvdkY
b,f0wKkyfudkrS trSDrjyKbJ psmefpdwfawGom ysHUESHYjzpfaew,f?
tawmfxl;qef;w,f? pdwfyJ&Sdw,f? kyfr&Sdbl;? &SdwJhpdwfawG[mvnf;
bmudkrSrDScdkraebl;? trDSr&SdbJ jzpfaeMuw,f?
'g tbd"rmygyJ? cufcJeufeJ qef;us,fwmudk tbd"rmac:w,f/ /