School Health Program

Dr Nashwa Radwan
Prof. of Public Health and Preventive Medicine
Learning objectives
Definition
Objectives
Priority
Components
Health problems
Evaluation
Definition
 School health program has been defined as
the school health procedures that contributes
to improvement and maintenance of health
status of the pupils and school personnel.
Objectives
.Health promotion the school children-1 
.Prevention and control of any health hazards-2
.rehabilitation of disabled children-2
Priority of the program
Public health significance
.School children are the future productive group of population-1
.They represent from one third to one half of the total population-2
They represent a vulnerable group where they undergo physical,-3
.mental, and social growth and development
They spend more than half of their day time at the school where-4
.they may exposed to many health hazards
Cost / benefit
Most of diseases and health hazards among school
children are preventable by primary level of
prevention as health education, health promotion,
and environmental sanitation. So such program will
be of economic value as the primary aspect of
prevention is cheap and can be applied on large
.scale
Program applicability
The target population can be easily reached
and the risk factors to which they may be
exposed can be detected. So preventive
.measures can be applied
Available resources
At the local level of the program, a physian,
with one or two nurses are sufficient. Also
simple equipments are needed for screening
.tests at the school
Basic component of the
program
.school health services-1
.health education-2
.Healthful school living-3
School health services
School health services are the school activities
that concerned with health status of the
school children and include four basic
:aspects
.Apprasial-1
.Prventive-2
.Promotive-3
.Remedial-4
School health services
 School Health Services are provided as part
of the School Health Program to appraise,
protect, and promote the health status of
students.
Importance of school health
services
 School Health Services supplement, rather than replace, parental
responsibility to student health.
The program is designed to
 encourage parental awareness of students' health status;
 discover and prevent health problems;
 encourage utilization of physicians, dentists, and community
health services
Appraisal aspect
Health appraisal is the evaluation or assessment of the present health
.status

:Objective
Case finding; early detection of health hazard-1
Assessment of health status-2
A source for health indices-3

:Methods
.Comprensive medical examination-1
.Screening tests-2
.Survey studies-3
Comprehensive medical
examination
Comprehensive medical
examination
School children should be at least examined
;four times during their school years
.At the first primary school entry-1
.at the mid-primary period-2
.at the preparatory school entry-3
.at the secondary school entry-4
Items of examination
:physical examination-1
Body built, posture, gait, nutritional state
,systematic examination and general health
:Personal interview-2
.Personality and psychological state
Screening tests
Screening tests has been defined as the presumptive
identification of unrecognized disease or health
condition (not yet under medical care) by application
of simple tests or other procedures to sort out
apparently well person who probably have the
disease from those who probably do not. Screening
can be concerned with many diseases and called
.multiphase screening
Criteria for screening tests
the condition must represent an important health problem. The- 1
natural history of the condition should be understood and
.acceptable treatment must be exist
Suitable screening test; simple, rapid, cheap, acceptable, high-2
.sensitivity and specificity
Case finding (through screening ) should be a continuing process,-3
and the cost of which must be balanced against the potential
.expenders for treatment of symptomatic disease
Items of screening
.Growth and development-1
.visual acuity-2
.Hearing acuity-3
.dental examination-4
.Intelligence quotient-5
simple laboratory tests; urine, stool and blood-6
.analysis
Screening tests most commonly done by teachers,
.nurses or any qualified person
survey
A field study to define the magnitude of any
health problem in a given population.
Collected data are the basis for planning and
.evaluation of prevention and control program
School health record
Every child should have his or her own health
record for registration of all events and
.activities concerning health
The record has to start at birth or later in
preschool age and goes with the pupils
.throughout his education and future life
Content of the record
Personal data-1
.Results of medical examination-2
.Immunization given-3
.Any disease, injuries, hospitalization-4
Value of the record
health reference for diagnosis and follow up-1
.of chronic diseases
.Source for statistical data and indices-2
Preventive aspect
;The aspect includes two phases
prevention and control of communicable-1
.diseases
.Prevention of accidents-2
Prevention and control of
communicable diseases
.Sanitation of school environment-1
health education for healthy behavior of the pupils, school-2
.personnel, and parents
.Immunization of school children-3
.periodic physical examination and daily supervision of the pupils-4
Measures for school personnel including pre-employment,-5
.periodic examination, health education and laboratory tests
Improvement of the nutritional status of the pupils through school-6
.feeding program to rise the level of immunity
Prevention of accidents
 An injury is the physical damage to a person
that occurs as a result of exposure to
physical or chemical agents at rates greater
than the body can tolerate .
Prevention of accidents
Accidents represent a great threat to health and life
especially for children. The preventive aspects
;include
reducing the physical hazards of school-1
.environment
.Modyifying child behavior through health education-2
availability of fist aid services at the school-3
First aid
At the school, the first aid is the first assistance given to the injured
child and aimed at reducing suffering from pain and prevention of
.further harm before the child is in charge of a physician
The requirements for first aid include; rest room, adequate blankets,
wash basin, soap, towels, table, splints, gauze and cotton. Also
the important phone department and a method of transportation
.should be available
Remedial aspect
An essential item of the health program is to identify
.handicapped children and try to help
Handicapped children are defined as those with
temporary or permanent physical and or mental
defect affect normal growth and development and
social adjustment and render them in need for extra
.help to develop their best capacity
The best policy for those educable group of
handicapped children is to allow them to intermingle
with other children in the same general classrooms
and provide them with special classes or rest
.periods if need depending on their condition
The health insurance Program offers most of the
facilities required for those children
School Health Support Services
The goal :
 To facilitate the integration of students with special
needs into the regular school system and the
community.
 To provides health-related education, teaching and
consultation services to school staff and parents in
the school setting.
Items
 Nursing

 Physiotherapy

 Speech Therapy
 Nutritional Counseling

 Information and Referral Services

 Coordination of Services
Health education
Health education is defined as the process of teaching
.the public the basic knowledge of health
Any combination of learning opportunities designed to
facilitate voluntary change in behavior that are
.conductive to health is defined as health education
Objectives of health education
To create a state of health consciousness-1
.among the children and their parents
.To change bad health habits-2
To motivate the children, their parents and-3
.school personnel to acquire healthy behavior
Content of health education
:Selection of the curriculum is determined by
physical, emotional and intellectual needs of-1
.the children
Teacher observation and results of medical-2
.examination
.public health needs-3
Methods of health education
:Personal approach-1
School lessons, field trips, seminars, group discussion
.and training
:Mass media-2
.Posters, films, broad casting and theatre shows
Health education program must include the children,
.their parents and school personnel
Healthful school living
:This can be achieved through
.Healthful physical environment-1
.Healthful school living-2
Healthful school environment
.School site-1
.School building-2
.classrooms-3
.Ventilation-4
.Illumination-5
.Desks and seats-6
.Water supply-7
.Toilet rooms-8
.Waste disposal-9
.food sanitation-10
School site
School building
Class rooms
Ventilation
illumination
Desks and seats
Food sanitation
Waste disposal
Water supply
Healthful school day
.Educational aspect-1
.schedule of the day-2
.Emotional climate-3
.Mental health-4
.Food services-5
Hazards 0f unsanitary school
environment
.Favour spread of respiratory infection-1
.Children suffer manifestation of ill ventilation-2
.Eye troubles due to inadequate light-3
Skeletal deformities due to faulty postural habits and-4
.inconvenient desks and seats
.Giving bad example to children-5
School health problems
.Deficiency diseases-1
.Infectious diseases-2
.Parasitic diseases-3
.Accidents-4
.Handicapping-5
Deficiency diseases
.Iron deficiency anemia-1
.protein deficiency-2
.Dental caries-3
.vitamine A deficiency-4
.healed rickets-5
:Predisposing factors
.Inadeqate nutrition-1
.Nutritional ignorance-2
.Low income-3
.Parasitic infections-4
Prevention of deficiency
diseases
School feeding program which is expected to provide about 50%-1
.of recommended dietary requirements
.Nutrition education of the children and their parents-2
.dietary supplementation-3
.Prevention and control of parasitic diseases-4
health appraisal for early detection and management of deficiency-5
.diseases
Infectious diseases
:Predisposing factors
.Unsanitary school environment-1
Over-crowded classrooms, unsanitary drinking taps, deficient food
.and milk sanitation
.faulty health habits of young children-2
More susceptibility to infection by young age, malnutrition and-3
.poor housing
Presence of unapparent source of infection which may be a child-4
.or school personnel
Parasitic diseases
:Predisposing factors
.Unsanitary environment-1
.Bad health behavior-2
.Deficient health services-3
:Prevention
.Environmental sanitation-1
.Health education-2
.Case finding through stool and urine analysis-3
Evaluation of school health
program
An evaluation is a systematic way of learning from experience so as
improve current activities and promote further learning. Simply
an evaluation is a comparison of an object of interest with
.standard of acceptability
:Objectives
.To collect information needed for planning-1
.To guide uses of resources-2
.To improve health services-3
Methods of evaluation
.Coverage / utilization-1
.Aministrative scheme of the work-2
.Efficiency-3
.Effectivness-4
.Impact-5