Prof. R.

Shanthini
30 Sept 2011
1
Enzyme kinetics and associated reactor design:

Enzyme Reactor Design
CP504 Lecture 6
Prof. R. Shanthini
30 Sept 2011
2
V for volume of the reacting mixture at time t
C
S
for concentration of the substrate in V at time t
(-r
S
) for substrate utilization rate in V at time t
Mass balance for the substrate:
0 = 0 + d(VC
s
)/dt + (-r
S
)V
- dC
s
/dt = -r
S

For a batch reactor with constant volume
reacting mixture, the above becomes
(27)
Batch Enzyme Reactor
Prof. R. Shanthini
30 Sept 2011
3
Substituting (-r
S
) for the simple enzyme reaction in (27), we
get
(28)
r
max
C
S

K
M
+ C
S

=
dC
S
dt
-
Rearranging (28), we get
r
max
dt
=
K
M
+ C
S
C
S
- dC
S
(

)
C
S0
C
S

0
t
(29)
Integrating (29) gives
(30)
r
max
t
=
K
M
ln

C
S
(C
S0
C
S
)
)
C
S0
(
+
Batch Enzyme Reactor
Prof. R. Shanthini
30 Sept 2011
4
(31)
t
=
- K
M
+

(C
S0
C
S
)
ln(C
S0
/C
S
) ln(C
S0
/C
S
)
r
max

(30) in linear form becomes
t
ln(C
S0
/C
S
)
(C
S0
C
S
)
ln(C
S0
/C
S
)
r
max

- K
M
Determination of
M-M kinetic
parameters
Batch Enzyme Reactor
Prof. R. Shanthini
30 Sept 2011
5
Mass balance for the substrate over dV:
FC
S
= F(C
S
+ dC
S
) + (-r
S
) dV
The above can be simplified to
F
F
C
S0
C
Sf
dV
F
C
S
+dC
S
F
C
S
- FdC
S
/ dV = -r
S

dV for small volume of the reacting mixture
C
S
for concentration of the substrate
(-r
S
) for substrate utilization rate in dV
F for the steady flow rate through the reactor
Plug-flow Enzyme Reactor at steady-state
Prof. R. Shanthini
30 Sept 2011
6
F
F
C
S0
C
Sf
dV
F
C
S
+dC
S
F
C
S
dV for small volume of the reacting mixture
C
S
for concentration of the substrate
(-r
S
) for substrate utilization rate in dV
F for the steady flow rate through the reactor
Plug-flow Enzyme Reactor at steady-state
Introducing space-time ( = V/F), we get
- dC
S
/ d = -r
S
which is very similar to (27)
(32)
Prof. R. Shanthini
30 Sept 2011
7
Plug-flow Enzyme Reactor at steady-state
Substituting (-r
S
) for the simple enzyme reaction in (32), we
get
(33)
r
max
C
S

K
M
+ C
S

=
dC
S
d
-
Rearranging (33), we get
r
max
d
=
K
M
+ C
S
C
S
- dC
S
(

)
C
S0
C
S

0

(34)
Integrating (34) gives
(35)
r
max

=
K
M
ln

C
S
(C
S0
C
S
)
)
C
S0
(
+
Prof. R. Shanthini
30 Sept 2011
8
(36)

=
- K
M
+

(C
S0
C
S
)
ln(C
S0
/C
S
) ln(C
S0
/C
S
)
r
max

(35) in linear form becomes

ln(C
S0
/C
S
)
(C
S0
C
S
)
ln(C
S0
/C
S
)
r
max

- K
M
Determination
of M-M kinetic
parameters
Plug-flow Enzyme Reactor at steady-state
Prof. R. Shanthini
30 Sept 2011
9
V for the volume of the reacting mixture
C
S
for concentration of the substrate in the reactor and at the exit
(-r
S
) for substrate utilization rate in V
F for the steady flow rate through the reactor
F
C
S0
F
C
S
V
C
S
Continuous Stirred Tank Enzyme Reactor at steady-state
Prof. R. Shanthini
30 Sept 2011
10
F
C
S0
F
C
S
V
C
S
Continuous Stirred Tank Enzyme Reactor at steady-state
Mass balance for the substrate over V:
FC
S0
= FC
S
+ (-r
S
) V (37)
Prof. R. Shanthini
30 Sept 2011
11
Continuous Stirred Tank Enzyme Reactor at steady-state
Introducing space-time ( = V/F) in (37), we get
C
S0
= C
S
+ (-r
S
) (38)
Substituting (-r
S
) for the simple enzyme reaction in (38), we
get
(39)
r
max
C
S

K
M
+ C
S

+
C
S0
= C
S

Prof. R. Shanthini
30 Sept 2011
12
Continuous Stirred Tank Enzyme Reactor at steady-state
(40)
(39) in linear form becomes
C
S
C
S

= - K
M
+

(C
S0
C
S
)
r
max

C
S

(C
S0
-C
S
)
C
S

r
max

- K
M
Determination of
M-M kinetic
parameters