Risk Factors

(other causes may be abnormal airway reactivity and genetics)

Old age Cigarette Smoking, pollutants ↓ alpha-1-antitrypsin

Affects sweeping action Destroyed immune cells ↓ Ability to counteract

↓lung
of cilia of lungs destructive effect of
function
trypsin
Longer dysfunction of Inflammation
cilia Destruction of lung tissue
↑ lung
destruction
in presence Disappearance of cilia Release of destructive
of infection lining passages enzymes

↓ removal of mucous,↑ Loss of protein

mucous secretion

↓ Lung elasticity
Mucous buildup

Destruction of alveoli
Bacterial growth

↓ lung function

Infection