Predisposing Factors:

Age (<6months)
Malnourished state
Poor immune system
Absence or inadequate breastfeeding
Precipitating Factors:
Transmission
Smoking (exposure to smokers)
>People with pneumonia expel infected
Exposure to person with pneumonia
droplets of mucus into the air when they
cough.
>Pneumonia is spread when others breathe
the infected droplets.
Acute Pain S. pneumoniae enters the air way

Frequent nonproductive Bacteria attachment and colonization to the mucus and cells
cough of the nasopharynx

Risk for aspiration

Spread of organism in the Upon auscultation crackling
nasopharynx sounds, coarse breathing,
Impaired oral mucosa
wheezing may be heard, and/or
Invasion of organism in the bronchial the breathing may be faint in a
Breath trough the tree particular area of the chest.
mouth

Impaired host defense mechanism

Ineffective airway clearance
Adherence of organism in the
Damage to the surface cells alveolar wall
Increased mucus
production
Fluid enters the alveoli and Chest x-ray may show a blotchy-
Activity white area, where fluid and pus has
Ineffective breathing pattern inflammation
intolerance accumulated in the lung's air sacs

Impaired gas exchange Parenchymal and Alveolar sacs tend to Consolidation of red cells and
consolidate leukocytes in the lungs

Fatigue

Cytokine Bradykinin Histamine

stimulate Narrowing of blood

Stimulate goblets cells vessels

Increase in Air pass trough narrowed

-cough
temperature airways
Cough medicines/ -rales
antitussives -colds
Fever DOB

Hyperthermia r/t sputum grain stain test may

Antipyretics determine the cause and severity of Bronchodilator/
infectious process the condition. Oxygen Therapy

blood test may determine the

cause and severity of the Antibacterial/
condition Antiviral

References:
➢ http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/pneumonia/DS00135
➢ http://www.healthscout.com/ency/1/205/main.html
LEGEND
Signs and symptoms ➢ http://www.scribd.com/doc/48088405/Pneumonia
Nursing Diagnosis ➢ http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/pneumonia/DS00135/DSECTION=treatments
Diagnostic tests -and-drugs
Drugs