PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

PEDIATRIC COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEMONIA (P – CAP)

Predisposing factors Precipitating factors

 Age ( 6 month old)  Environmental factors
 Family history ( near dumpsite,
- Iron – deficiency congested community)
Anemia  Diet ( bottlefed)
- Lung cancer  Second – hand smoking
exposure

Streptococcus pneumoniae,
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
(causative agents of CAP)

Organism enters the

respiratory tract through
inspiration/aspiration

Acute inflammatory
response

Containment of the
RBCs, fibrin and
bacteria within the Consolidation of leukocytes
polymorphonuclear
segments of pulmonary and fibrin within the affected
leukocytes infiltrate the
lobes by cellular areas
respiratory tract
recruitment

Stage of Congestion
Engorgement of alveolar
spaces with fluid and
hemorrhagic exudates

Proliferation and rapid

spread of bacteria

Stage of Red Hepatization

coagulation of exudates (red
appearance of the affected
lungs
 Stage of Gray Hepatization
Progressive disintegration of RBCs,
neutrophils migration into alveoli and air
filled spaces

Edema resulting to occlusion and

↓alveolar O2 tension

PNEUMONIA
(PCAP)

Signs & Symptoms If not treated:

If treated:  Interstitial infiltrates on chest  Shock
 Prevention of X – ray  Pleural effusion
complications  Sore throat  Superinfections
 Prevention of  Nasal congestion  Pericarditis
respiratory  Pleuritic pain  Otitis media
infections,  Low – grade fever  Lung abscess
pleural effusion  Ear pain  Meningo -
and onset of  headache encephalitis
PCAP  Cranial nerve
palsies