TYPE OF ANEMIA CAUSE/DEFICIENCY MANIFESTATION INTERVENTION HEALTH TEACHING

IRON DEFICIENCY - Inadequate intake Smooth red tongue Medical 1. Advice the
ANEMIA of iron (vegetarian  Oral iron client to take iron
Brittle and ridged nails
(Hypoproliferative diets) supplementation supplements as
Anemia) - Blood loss Angular cheilosis Ferrous sulphate prescribed.
(intestinal Ferrous gluconate 2. Educate the
Restless leg syndrome
- - the most hookworm) Ferrous fumarate client of the
common type of MEN/POSTMENOPAUSAL importance of
anemia and can WOMEN  IV administration of eating iron – rich
be acquired - Bleeding from iron (for poorly foods such as
when the intake ulcers, gastritis , tolerant and meat, chicken,
of dietary iron is inflammatory absorption of Iron) fish, eggs, dried
inadequate for bowel disease, or beans, liver, and
hemoglobin GI tumors Nursing green leafy
synthesis. PREMENOPAUSAL vegetables.
WOMEN o Health teaching and 3. Assist the
- Menorrhagia preventive education client for a meal
(excessive especially among plan. The client’s
menstrual bleeding menstruating and meal should
pregnant women. consists of iron –
o Helps the patient rich foods & folate
select a healthy diet - rich foods which
like iron – rich foods. include dried
o Nutrient counselling beans, dark green
o Advice to take iron leafy vegetables,
supplement along wheat germ and
citrus foods
 with vitamin C for 4. Advice
better absorption. women in
o Encourage to reproductive
continue iron therapy. stage to track
their cycle and
observe for
excessive bleeding
during
menstruation.
5. Teach the
client the signs
and symptoms of
anemia
manifestations
and have their
diagnostic exams
for complete
blood count.
6. Advise the
client not to
engage excessive
physical activities,
just minimal form
of exercises.

Medical
ANEMIAS in 1. Advice the
RENAL DISEASE  increased cardiac  Treatment of patient to
- degree of anemia Chronic kidney disease output underlying causes continue iron
in patients with (CKD) therapy.
chronic kidney  reduced oxygen  Regular clinical and 2. Advice the
disease (CKD) utilization laboratory assessment client to stop
varies greatly; smoking and
however, in  decreased  Managing anemia reduction of
general, concentration sodium and
patients do not  Smoking cessation alcohol
become  cognitive function intake.
significantly  Reduction in salt and 3. Advise the
anemic until the  reduced immune alcohol intake client to
glomerular responsiveness NURSING maintain
filtration rate balance
(GFR) is less  reduced libido o Administrating nutritional
than 30 medical therapy diet.
mL/min/1.732
o Health teaching about
smoking and
reduction in salt and
alcohol intake

o Monitoring vital signs

 1. Educate the
ANEMIA OF - Erythropoietin Fewer symptoms related MEDICAL client for self
INFLAMMATION levels are low to the anemia – care like
-this term is the Treating the underlying taking iron
anemia of - Iron use is blocked Fatigue disorder. supplements
critical illness by erythroid cells and eating
that develops (cells that are or For older patients: iron- rich
within days will become NURSING INTERVENTION foods.
after the onset mature  Frailty manifested 2. Advise the
of serious erythrocytes). by weight loss Monitoring the vital signs client to not
illness and also engage in too
the anemia - A moderate  decreased mobility Administering prescribed excessive
associated with shortening of medication physical
aging. erythrocyte  generalized activities.
survival weakness Monitoring laboratory and 3. Advise the
diagnostic results. patient to
- Higher-than-  poor balance adhere to
normal levels of prescribed
inflammatory medication.
cytokines
(proteins) for
elderly clients
 APLASTIC ANEMIA MEDICAL

- - Aplastic anemia is
a rare disease Damaged marrow stem  Fatigue  corticosteroids 1. Advise the
caused by a cells client for
decrease in or  Pallor  Hematopoietic stem compliance
damage to cell transplant (HSCT) of prescribed
marrow stem Stem cell damage is  Dyspnea treatment
cells, damage to caused by the body’s T  Immunosuppressive regimen.
the cells mediating an  Purpura (bruising) therapy, commonly 2. Advise the
microenvironme inappropriate attack using a combination client to
nt within the against the bone marrow  lymphadenopathie of antithymocyte maintain
marrow, and s and globulin (ATG) and adequate
replacement of splenomegaly cyclosporine or nutrition.
the marrow with Acquired or congenital sometimes occur androgens 3. Instruct the
fat. Stem cell client to
damage is caused Viral infections  Retinal  Purified gamma- refrain from
by the body’s T hemorrhages globulin 8solution is excessive
cells mediating Pregnancy obtained from horses physical
an inappropriate or rabbits immunized activity.
attack against the Certain medications with human T 4. Explain the
bone marrow, lymphocytes. client the
resulting in bone Chemicals danger of
marrow aplasia NURSING bleeding and
(i.e., markedly Radiation damage advise for
reduced o Assessing carefully for freeing the
hematopoiesis). Benzene derivatives signs of infection and surrounding
bleeding. from sharp
Toxic materials o Educating the client to objects to
refrain from exposure insure safety.
to harmful and toxic 5. Explain the
 containing such as harmful
benzene derivatives effects of
such as paint- toxic
remover and materials and
inorganic arsenic . radiation in
o Monitoring for side the body.
effects of therapy,
particularly for
hypersensitivity
reaction while
administering ATG
o Careful assessing of
each new prescribed
drugs to avoid drug –
drug interaction

MEDICAL
MEGALOBLASTIC 1. Advise
ANEMIA Abnormal erythroid and Tongue may be beefy red  Folic acid supplement patient to eat
-A condition myeloid cells are and sore and B12 replacement balanced and
wherein the destroyed within the  Folic acid nutritious
erythrocytes marrow Vitiligo (patchy loss of skin administration IM for foods rich in
are abnormally pigmentation) clients with folic iron, folate
shaped and the Folic acid deficiency malabsorption and B12
shapes may Premature graying of the NURSING which can be
vary widely Vitamin B12 deficiency hair found in
(poikilocytosis). o Assess the client who meat,
Because the Weakness has or at risk for chicken,
erythrocytes megaloblastic anemia beans, dark
are very large, Listlessness by inspection of the and green
the MCV is very skin, mucous leafy
high, usually Fatigue membranes, and vegetables.
exceeding 110 tongue. 2. Advise the
fl. o A neurologic client to
assessment should be lessen
performed for alcohol
a. Folic acid patients with known consumption,
deficiency Folic acid malabsorption or suspected smoking
megaloblastic anemia. cessation and
Liver disease o Pay particular tolerated
attention to exercise.
Chronic hemolytic ambulation and assess 3. Encourage
anemias the patient’s gait and the client to
stability, as well as the adhere and
Pregnancy need for assistive continue the
devices (e.g., canes, pharmacologi
walkers) and for c therapy.
assistance in 4. Advise the
b. B12 Inadequate dietary intake managing daily client to
deficiency is rare but can develop in activities. avoid from
strict vegans who o Promoting Home, excessive
consume no meat or dairy Community-Based, physical
products and Transitional Care activities
through teaching the rather those
B12 deficiency client about the only minimal
chronicity of the and less
disorder and the need strenuous
for monthly vitamin exercises.
B12 injections or daily
oral vitamin B12 even
in the absence of
symptoms
 HEMOLYTIC
ANEMIAS
-The erythrocytes Hemolysis
have a
shortened Inherited forms include
lifespan; thus, SCD, thalassemia and
their number in thalassemia major, G-6-PD
the circulation deficiency, and hereditary
is reduced spherocytosis

Acquired forms
autoimmune hemolytic
anemia, non–immune-
mediated paroxysmal
nocturnal hemoglobinuria,
microangiopathic
hemolytic anemia, and
heart valve hemolysis, as
well as anemias associated
with hypersplenism.
SICKLE – CELL MEDICAL Educate the client
ANEMIA for self – care like
o Hematopoietic Stem taking iron
SCD can cause a Jaundice Cell Transplant supplements and
severe hemolytic Inheritance of HbS o Treatment with eating iron- rich
anemia that result Jaundice in the sclera Hydroxyurea foods.
from inheritance Sickle – shaped red blood (chemotherapy agent)
of the sickle cells Enlarged bones of the face o Folic acid replacement
hemoglobin (HbS) and skull o Tranfusion therapy of Advise the client not
gene, which red blood cells to engage in too
causes the Cardiomegaly o Aspirin and opioids to excessive physical
hemoglobin manage the pain activities and the
molecule to be Tachycardia o Adequate hydration importance of
defective. HbS (oral and IV hydration) balance of exercise
acquires a crystal- Cardiac murmurs o Supplemental oxygen and rest.
like formation if needed
when exposed to
low oxygen NURSING Advise the patient to
tension. The adhere to prescribed
oxygen level in o Managing pain medication.
venous blood can through analgesics
be low enough to and Educate the patient
cause this change; nonpharmacological about the situations
consequently, the techniques such as that can precipitate
erythrocyte relaxation, imagery, sickle – cell crisis
containing HbS music and physical
loses its round, therapy.
pliable, biconcave o Managing fatigue
disc shape and through assisting the
becomes patient to find an
dehydrated, rigid, appropriate balance
and sickle shaped. between exercise and
rest.
o Preventing and
managing infection
through monitoring
patient for signs and
symptoms of
infection. Prescribed
antibiotics should be
initiated promptly,
and patients should
be assessed for signs
of dehydration while
advising the patient in
finishing the whole
course of antibiotic
therapy.
o Promoting coping
skills by promoting
patient’s strengths
than deficits through
providing the patient
with opportunities to
make decisions about
daily care and
explaining the
rationale and
importance of
compliance with a
therapeutic
medication regimen.
o Minimizing deficient
knowledge patients
with SCD educating
the patient about the
situations that can
precipitate a sickle
cell crisis and the
ways to prevent or
diminish such crisis.