PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF PNEUMONIA

Precipitating Factors: Predisposing Factors:

Bacteria Age (>65)
Transmission
Smoking
>People with pneumonia expel infected droplets of
Exposure to some chemical s or pollutants
mucus into the air when they cough.
(toxic fumes): farmer
>Pneumonia is spread when others breathe the infected
droplets.
Acute Pain-chest S. pneumoniae enters the air way

Frequent nonproductive Bacteria attachment and colonization to the mucus and cells
cough of the nasopharynx

Risk for aspiration Spread of organism in the

nasopharynx
Impaired oral mucosa
Upon auscultation
Invasion of organism in the bronchial crackling sounds, coarse
Breath trough the tree breathing
mouth
Impaired host defense mechanism
Ineffective airway clearance
Adherence of organism in the
Damage to the surface cells alveolar wall
Increased mucus
production
Fluid enters the alveoli and Chest x-ray may show a blotchy-
Activity inflammation white area, where fluid and pus has
intolerance Ineffective breathing pattern accumulated in the lung's air sacs

Parenchymal and Alveolar sacs tend to

Impaired gas exchange Consolidation of red cells and
consolidate leukocytes in the lungs

Fatigue
A
 A

Cytokine Bradykinin Histamine

stimulate Narrowing of blood

Stimulate goblets cells vessels

Increase in Air pass trough narrowed

-cough
temperature airways
Cough medicines/ -rales
antitussives -colds
Fever DOB

Hyperthermia r/t
infectious process Antipyretics Bronchodilator/
Oxygen Therapy

LEGEND
Signs and symptoms References:
Nursing Diagnosis  http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/pneumonia/DS00135
Diagnostic tests  http://www.healthscout.com/ency/1/205/main.html
 http://www.scribd.com/doc/48088405/Pneumonia
Drugs
 http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/pneumonia/DS00135/DSECTION=treatments-and-drugs