Interfacing Lcd in 4bit mode

with LPC2138
Code:
#include<lpc21xx.h>

#define pin_rs 1<<24 /*lcd rs pin*/

#define pin_rw 1<<23 /*lcd rw pin*/

#define pin_en 1<<22 /*lcd en pin*/

#define pin_ctrl pin_rs|pin_rw|pin_en /*lcd control pins*/

#define lcd_d4 1<<10 /*lcd data pins D4,D5,D6,D7*/

#define lcd_d5 1<<11

#define lcd_d6 1<<12

#define lcd_d7 1<<13

#define lcd_data lcd_d4|lcd_d5|lcd_d6|lcd_d7

#define lcd_rs(x) ((x)?(IOSET1=pin_rs):(IOCLR1=pin_rs)); /*lcd_rs(x) if x=1 will set the lcd_rs pin will clear if x=0*/

#define lcd_rw(x) ((x)?(IOSET1=pin_rw):(IOCLR1=pin_rw));

#define lcd_en(x) ((x)?(IOSET1=pin_en):(IOCLR1=pin_en));

#define data_in ((IOPIN0>>10)&(0x0F)) /*direction of the data pins as input*/

#define data_out(x) IOCLR0=lcd_data; IOSET0=(x & 0x0F)<<10; /*direction of the data pins and control pins
as output*/

#define lcd_all_dir_out IODIR0 |= lcd_data ; IODIR1 |= pin_ctrl; /*setting as output for both data and control pins*/

#define lcd_dir_data_out IODIR0 |= lcd_data

#define lcd_dir_data_in IODIR0 &= ~(lcd_data)

#define delay_2n 4

static void delay(int);

static unsigned char busy_wait();

static void delay(int cnt)

{
 cnt <<= delay_2n;

while(cnt--);

static unsigned char busy_wait()

unsigned char status;

do

lcd_dir_data_in;

delay(10);

lcd_rs(0);

delay(10);

lcd_rw(1);

delay(10);

lcd_en(1);

delay(10);

status= (data_in<<4)&(0xF0);

lcd_en(0);

delay(10);

lcd_en(1);

delay(10);

status |=data_in;

lcd_en(0);

delay(10);

lcd_dir_data_out;

delay(10);

}while(status & 0x80);

return (status);

}
void lcd_write_4bit(unsigned char c)

lcd_rw(0);

delay(10);

lcd_en(1);

delay(10);

data_out(c & 0x0F);

delay(10);

lcd_en(0);

delay(10);

void lcd_cmd_write(unsigned char c)

busy_wait();

lcd_rs(0);

delay(10);

lcd_write_4bit(c>>4);

lcd_write_4bit(c);

static void lcd_data_write(unsigned char c)

busy_wait();

lcd_rs(1);

delay(10);

lcd_write_4bit(c>>4);

lcd_write_4bit(c);
}

void lcd_putchar(char c)

lcd_data_write(c);

void lcd_init()

lcd_all_dir_out;

delay(10);

lcd_rs(0);

lcd_write_4bit(0x3);

delay(10);

lcd_write_4bit(0x3);

delay(10);

lcd_write_4bit(0x3);

lcd_write_4bit(0x2);

lcd_cmd_write(0x28);

lcd_cmd_write(0x0C);

lcd_cmd_write(0x06);

int lcd_gotoxy( unsigned int x, unsigned int y)

int retval = 0;

if( (x > 1) && (y > 15) )

retval = -1;

} else {
 if( x == 0 )

lcd_cmd_write( 0x80 + y ); /* command - position cursor at 0x00 (0x80 + 0x00 ) */

} else if( x==1 ){

lcd_cmd_write( 0xC0 + y ); /* command - position cursor at 0x40 (0x80 + 0x00 ) */

return retval;

void lcd_clear()

lcd_cmd_write(0x01);

lcd_gotoxy(0,0);

void lcd_print(unsigned char const *str)

while(*str)

lcd_putchar(*str++);

main()

lcd_init();

lcd_clear();

lcd_gotoxy(0,0);

lcd_print("hypernuclide.com");
}

Download the proteus simulation here :-

http://hypernuclide.com/viewtopic.php?f=30&p=236#p236