80186 Instruction ( Inst ) Set

75+ Instructions Summarized.

February 20, 2010

Instruction and Instruction Set 1.
• An instruction is the basic command, in
other words it is the most rudimentary
programming command.
• Instruction set refers to the set of all the
instructions that can be executed by a
microprocessor.
• Instruction = Op-Code+Operands
• Op-Code identifies the action to be
taken and operands specify source and
destination.
Instruction and Instruction Set 2.
• Op-Codes are also referred to as
mnemonic, written in abbreviated
form for ex: move is only mov as an
instruction.
• Instructions can use CPU register
(including accumulator), memory
locations or I/O ports as per need.
• Simple instruction format :
op-code destination, source
mov ax, bx (comma
separated.)
Basic Instruction Know How?
• When two operands are required for
an instruction they are separated by
comma. For example: REG, memory
• When there are two operands, both
operands must have the same size
(except shift and rotate instructions).
For example: AL, DL-- DX, AX
• Some instructions allow several
operand combinations. For example:
memory, immediate -- REG,
immediate
memory, REG -- REG, REG
Categorization of Instructions of 186 Mp.
Examples of Instructions 1.
• Data Transfer Instructions
• General Purpose
• MOV ax,bx ;will move contents of bx to ax
• Conversion
• CBW ; will convert 8 bits to word 16 bits ie if ;al<80h,
then ah <- 00, if al>7f, then ah<-ffh
• Arithmetic Instructions
• Addition
• ADD dx,ch; add dx and ch and put result in dx
• Division
• DIV bl; divide ah by bl and put result in ax
Examples of Instructions 2.
• String
• LODSB; accesses data segment, al<- ;ds:
[si]
• CMPSB ; compare string byte pointer by
;ds:[si] and es:[si]
• Logical
• AND cx,dx ; perform bit by bit and ;between
cx and dx, result in ;cx.
• TEST cx,dx ;same as AND but will only
;update flags not cx’s contents.
Examples of Instructions 3.
• Shift And Rotate
• SHL ax,1;shift word operand 1 to left
• ROR membds,cl ; rotate data right cl
;times.
• Program Control
• Conditional Transfer
• JO ;jump if zero flag is on
• REPNE scasb;repeat if zf=0 cx is not equal to 0
• Iteration
• LOOP mems ;cx<-cx-1, if cx is not equal to 0,
;the ip<-mems (short range)
Examples of Instructions 4 & 186 Additions
• Processor Control
• NOP ;uses 3 clock cycles & increments ip
;to point to next instruction
• Instruction added in 186 processor
• ENTER Make stack frame for procedure
parameters
• LEAVE High-level procedure exit
• PUSHA Push all general registers
• POPAPop all general registers
• BOUND Check array index against bounds
• IMUL Signed (integer) multiply
• INS Input from port to string
• OUTS Output string to port