World History Pre-AP – Duez NAME________________________________ PD:

Chapter 17 & 18: The Scientific Revolution & The Enlightenment

The French Revolution and Napoleon, 1789–1815
Big Ideas and Questions:
1. How did the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment provide the philosophical foundation for
the American and French Revolutions?
2. In your opinion, is using violence to achieve liberty and equality justifiable?
3. Napoleon said, “I am the revolution.” Is this true? To what extent does any leader become their
nation’s identify?
4. How does the American and French Revolutions compare? Which had the more dramatic impact
on the history of the world?

Chapter 17 “The Enlightenment”

CH 17 – • The Scientific Revolution gave rise to the Enlightenment, an eighteenth-century movement that stressed
Section 1 & 2 the role of philosophy and reason in improving society. Rationalism and secularism developed was a
Scientific foundation for a modern worldview based on science and reasoning that spawned the scientific method.
Revolution & • Enlightenment intellectuals, known as philosophes, were chiefly social reformers from the nobility and the
The middle class. They often met in the salons of the upper classes to discuss the ideas of such giants as
Enlightenment Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Diderot.
• The later Enlightenment produced social thinkers such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau and an early advocate
of women's rights, Mary Wollstonecraft. Salon gatherings, along with the growth of book and magazine
publishing, helped spread Enlightenment ideas among a broad audience.
Galileo Laissez-faire Salon Montesquieu
Adam Smith Voltaire Deism Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Copernicus Kepler Newton Maria Winkleman
Chapter 18 “The French Revolution”
Ch 18 - • Poverty and deep social divisions were the backdrop of the French Revolution. On the eve of the revolution,
Section 1 financial crisis gripped the government of Louis XVI. Rather than accept higher taxes, the commoners in
The French France's legislative body, the Estates-General, broke off to form a National Assembly.
Revolution • Anticipating an attack by the king's forces, commoners then stormed the Bastille prison, marking the start of
Begins the Revolution. The new Assembly took control of the Catholic Church and adopted the Declaration of the
Rights of Man and the Citizen. The document was inspired in part by the American Declaration of
Independence and Constitution.
• France was soon at war with Austria, where some feared the revolution might spread. Louis XVI was taken
captive by the Paris Commune. The commune called for a National Convention and forced the revolution
into a more violent phase.
The 3 Estates Bourgeoisie Sans-culottes
Louis XIV Tennis Court Oath Olympe de Gouges
Ch 18 - • During the first years of the revolution, a republic was established, Louis XVI was executed, and thousands of
Section 2 people were killed on suspicion of opposing the revolution.
Radical
Revolution and
• The National Convention responded by forming a Committee of Public Safety. The committee led a 12-
month Reign of Terror, executing close to 40,000 suspected enemies and expunging signs of Catholic
Reaction influence. The committee also raised the largest army in European history and repelled the invading armies.
• With the crisis past, the National Convention ended the Reign of Terror and executed its zealous leader,
Maximilien Robespierre. Power shifted into the hands of more moderate middle-class leaders who
produced a constitution in 1795.
Faction Elector Coup d`etat
Georges Danton Jean-Paul Marat Jacobins
Girondins The Mountain Reign of Terror
Ch 18 - • Napoleon formed a new government, the consulate, in which he held absolute power. In 1802 he was
Section 3 The crowned emperor and signed a peace treaty with Russia, Great Britain, and Austria.
Age of Napoleon
• At home, he made peace with the Catholic Church and created a functioning bureaucracy. His Napoleonic
Code preserved many of the rights gained in the revolution.
• By 1807, Napoleon had created a French empire. In parts of the empire, Napoleon sought to spread the
revolution. However, his invasions had contributed to the spread of nationalism as well.
Consulate Waterloo Napoleon Bonaparte
Civil Code Anne-Louise-Germaine de Stael Duke of Wellington
There are no questions for this chapter. You will have There is no vocabulary quiz on this chapter.
questions that cover the video “The French
Revolution” that we will watch in class. Test is Friday, March 11, 2010