Minul as prost ---- Past simple

Kladn oznamovac vta (affirmative):

Osoba + sloveso + ed nebo nepravideln

a) pravideln slovesa (regular verbs)

vtinou jen pidvme koncovku -ed k infinitivu slovesa

I played tennis yesterday.

kon-li sloveso na -e, pidme pouze -d

I loved her very much.

kon-li sloveso na souhlsku + y, zmn se y na i a pid se -ed

He carried a heavy bag.

kon-li sloveso na pzvunou slabiku sloenou ze souhlsky, samohlsky a souhlsky,

zdvoj se posledn souhlska a pid se -ed
She knitted a sweater.

b) nepravideln slovesa (irregular verbs)

pouijeme druh tvar (kter je teba se nauit u kadho slovesa zvl)

nap. go - went - gone; buy - bought - bought

I went to town and bought some food.

Zpor (negative):

Osoba + did not (didnt) + sloveso

ped sloveso dvme pomocn sloveso did (co je minul as od do) a zporku not -
zkrcen didn't

vznamov sloveso je v zkladnm tvaru (protoe minul as je ji vyjden slovesem did)

I did not go to school yesterday.
We didn't play tennis last week.

Otzka (question):

(Tzac zjmno) + did + osoba + sloveso

vznamov sloveso je v zkladnm tvaru
Did you play tennis yesterday?
Did you go to school last week?
krtk odpovdi (short answers):

na zjiovac otzky (yes/no questions) odpovdme pouze pomocnm slovesem (ne

vznamovm):
Did you watch TV yesterday? No, I didn't.
Did she dance with him? Yes, she did

Pouit:

Tento as pat mezi minul asy, kter pouvme ponejvce pro vyprvn. Vyjaduje udlosti, kter probhly v minulosti asto
uren asovm dajem. - At that moment I wanted to go home. Last year she travelled to Spain.

Dle se pouv pro opakovan dje v minulosti. - When he was a student, he visited his parents every month. When she was
pregnant, she ate chocolate very often.

Pro vysvtlen tchto vt se asto pouv piovnn k ptomnmu asu prostmu, kter tak vyjaduje opakovan dje (She
eats chocolate very often. -> J velmi asto okoldu.). Ve vtch tohoto typu se ve sv podstat jedn o tot, jen je to
posunut do minulosti, kter ji byla ukonena (ji nen thotn).
Pokud by byla stle thotn, pouili bychom jin as: She has been eating a lot of chocolate since she became pregnant.
Pedptomn prbhov (vce v lnku Pedptomn pbhov) vyjaduje mimo jin, jak dlouho ji nco probh - tedy dje
probhajc nejen v minulosti ale i v souasnosti.

Dalm ppadem, kde je nutn pout tento as, jsou vty typu: Stalo se to, kdy....
V tchto vtch pouvme jak minul prost, tak minul prbhov (vce o tomto ase v lnku Minul as prbhov). Jedn
se o vyjden udlosti, kter se stala, kdy probhal njak jin dj.
Typickm pkladem je vta: - I cut myself when I was cooking.

To, e jsem se zla, je udlost, kter se stala prv v dob, kdy jsem vaila.

Minul as prost se tak pouv pro stal stavy v minulosti i stavy, kter mly dlouh trvn. - When I lived in Prague I worked
in a factory. When I was in London, I worked as a teacher. (V tchto vtch by se dal pout i minul prbhov, ale vty by mly
trochu jin vznam. kaly by, e tuto prci jsme vykonvali jen doasn, nebylo to nae stl zamstnn.)
Infinitiv peklad minul as minul pest
be bt was been
were
buy koupit, kupovat bought bought

come pijt came come

do dlat did done

drink pt drank drunk

drive dit, jet autem drove driven

eat jst ate eaten

get dostat got got

give dt, dvat, darovat gave given

go jt, jet went gone

have mt had had

udlat (vyrobit nebo

make made made
vytvoit)

read st read read

jet (na kole, koni,

ride rode ridden
motorce apod.)

run bet, bhat, utkat ran run

say ci (nco) said said

see vidt saw seen

sing zpvat sang sung

sit sedt sat sat

swim plavat swam swum

take vzt, vzt si took taken

tell ci, sdlit told told

myslet, myslet si,

think thought thought
pemlet

write pst, napsat wrote written