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Brighouse
Approved: C. Broussard
Global Industries A/P Pte Ltd NDT Inspection Manual
SI-P-MA-00011
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.1 Description
This document presents the minimum standards and procedures for the performance and
documentation of underwater maintenance work on Global Industries A/P Pte Ltd NDT Projects,
whether by diver or by remotely operated vehicle (ROV) intervention.
The document also sets out the objectives of the work, the controls which Global wish to exercise
over the work, and the format for recording and presentation of the data which results from
performing the work. Any procedures or reporting systems will be in accordance with this
document.
1.1.2 Purpose
The purpose of this document is to set out the standards and procedures by which the company
will perform underwater inspection to best meet the criteria set by the majority of Clients for the
physical inspection of offshore assets and the proper collation of relevant data whereby the Client
can be assured of the integrity or otherwise of such assets.
1.1.3 Scope
The scope of this document covers all standard NDT activities and additional activities which
may be required to repair defects which affect the integrity of the BSP asset.
The HSE and diving procedural standards applicable to these activities are covered within the
relevant Global Industries A/P manual set and are not considered within the scope of this
document. Global documents to be referred to are as follows :-
This standard covers the activities listed on the following pages. Inspection activities are
presented first, as commonly, inspection work will precede other work in order of execution.
Note that the standard relates only to the technical performance & documentation of the work.
The scheduling, safety and management of the work, and the analysis & communication of final
results are outside of the scope of this document.
The majority of routine Underwater Inspection and Maintenance activities on structures, pipelines
and export facilities are carried out under one of the following standard Scopes of Work or as
identified under the individual task sheets contained in Section Two of this manual.
Each inspection activity comprises a number of basic tasks. These are more fully specified in
subsequent sections, but are summarised as follows:
d) Cleaning, Preparatory & Calibration Tasks - Tasks required in preparation for certain
inspection activities;
Should inspection work reveal anomalies, such as structural damage or unacceptable data values,
then possible courses of action are recommended. Dependent on the type of anomaly and the
resources available, these actions may comprise more detailed inspection reporting, immediate
remedial work, or fuller analysis of the anomaly by the Client prior to further work. Anomaly
types are classified & coded to assist in identification and analysis.
A number of activities are defined which may be performed without incident-specific procedure
or specialist project management, provided that the requirements of this standard are adhered to.
The minimum requirements for capturing and presenting the results of maintenance work are
given with each procedure sheet(s). A distinction is made between anomalous data which
requires more immediate reporting, and routine data, which is presented within a final report
format.
Document No: SI-P-MA-00011 Revision: A
Date: 25 August 1998 q:\qa\qa\ma\dma00011.doc Page: 7 of 117
Project No: Prepared: D. Brighouse
Approved: C. Broussard
Global Industries A/P Pte Ltd NDT Inspection Manual
1.3 Personnel
For most underwater maintenance operations performed for a Client, a Company Site
Representative (CSR) will be present at the work site. The CSR should be GIAP's primary work
site contact in all matters relating to the performance of the work scope. The CSR should be
responsible for ensuring that all work is performed in accordance with this standard and in
accordance with the approved procedures.
For underwater maintenance projects incorporating diving activities, adequate inspection divers
with an approved qualification, per 1.3.4 below will be required to perform the inspection
components of the work scope in accordance with this standard and the approved procedures.
All personnel performing NDT Inspection work must be qualified for that work. The minimum
qualifications are normally specified in the contract document.
In summary, the minimum level of qualification required for an Inspection Controller or Data
Recorder should be CSWIP 3.4U, and for an inspection diver, CSWIP 3.1U, or equivalent
qualifications & expertise acceptable to the Client. Specific data recording tasks may be
delegated to inspection divers, as detailed in the relevant sections of this standard.
In the event that specialist work is required within a work scope, then personnel performing this
work may be required to pass qualification tests prior to their acceptance.
The minimum equipment requirements are normally specified in the contract document, however,
for inspection activities, GIAP may propose any technique or procedure to satisfy the inspection
task objectives and measurement accuracy as presented in this document. This will require
approval by the Client prior to commencement of the work.
In the event that unconventional work methods & techniques are proposed, e.g. measurement by
laser ranging, then a qualification test of the technique and the required equipment may be
required prior to commencement.
1.4.1 Documentation
Client generated work scopes should contain drawings and technical data sufficient to define the
work areas and parameters, however, the actual reporting documentation, or system, which allows
the results of the work to be logged and data to be captured, are provided by GIAP as provided
for in this document. The reporting system should be in accordance with the procedure and lay
out approved by the Client prior to implementation at the work site.
The minimum requirements for, and also guidance on the preparation of a reporting system, are
given in Section Eight. The basic / standard templates required for data acquisition are included
with each procedure incorporated into Section Two.
It shall be noted that for inspection work, there are two categories of results expected, i.e. routine
data and anomalous data. The identification and reporting of anomalous data shall take priority
over routine reporting. Again details are given in Section Eight.
The technical responsibilities & lines of communication where significant inspection data is to be
collected are as follows :-
a) The Inspection Diver (or ROV pilot) shall be briefed by and report to the Inspection
Controller.
b) The Inspection Controller shall direct & data-log all inspection activities in accordance with
these procedures.
c) The Inspection Controller should present routine data to the CSR on a regular basis for the
CSR's appraisal of quality and content.
d) The Inspection Controller shall report anomalous or potentially anomalous findings to the
CSR immediately they are found.
e) The CSR shall assess the anomalous findings and report them to the onshore Client
Inspection/Facilities Holder Department at the earliest opportunity (& within 24 hours), for
further distribution to, and analysis by the appropriate Client Departments. The CSR may
request that remedial works be performed immediately, provided that Client controls,
approvals & available resources permit.
g) The Inspection Controller shall prepare a final report as soon as possible after completion of a
platform's work scope, in accordance with Section Eight of this standard.
The operational responsibilities will normally be more fully detailed in both the contract
document and within Global documentation. These are out with the scope of this manual.
The maintenance activities likely to be requested by Clients have been broken down into basic,
repeatable tasks. Most work scopes, in their basic form, comprise of a listing of these standard
tasks against the various structures & structural components on which the tasks are to be
performed.
For each such task, this standard presents a single "Task Specification Sheet", which states the
objectives of the task, and specifies the data to be recorded as the task is performed. These 'Spec.
Sheets' are individually numbered and coded and are appended to each procedure held within this
manual.
The Spec. Sheets cover a range of tasks. Only a few may apply to any particular work scope.
More Spec. Sheets may be added from time to time to cover specialist work. Should new work
be included in, or ad hoc work be added to a work scope by the Client for which no task-specific
Spec. Sheet is currently available, then general controls & data-recording requirements are
covered by Spec. Sheet "Misc. Operations Logging".
The codes used to identify tasks and their respective Spec. Sheets take the form "ME-SCR',
where the first two characters identify the generic maintenance type, and the latter characters
identify the specific task.
Note that there are degrees of inspection recognised within the Spec. Sheets, e.g. VI-SCR
requires visual estimation of scour whereas ME-SCR requires dedicated measurement.
The Task Specification Sheets included in Section Two are based on the requirements and
standards set by Global Industries A/P Pte Ltd. When planning and executing an inspection
programme, the relevant specification task sheet should be consulted in order to both meet the
required standards and to provide a standard format & appearance. The specifications dictate the
quality and presentation of the following information:
c) Application & Controls - states the conditions & quality controls for the task, e.g.
minimum personnel qualifications & any preparatory or
calibration controls.
Note that although the Data Requirements section is in the form of a table, It Is not Intended to
Illustrate the layout for a data-recording form. GIAP have produced data recording forms as
found appended to each procedure held within this manual
Although the Task Sheets relate primarily to the underwater maintenance of Fixed Offshore
Platforms, they can be applied to any underwater maintenance work. For pipeline work
specifically, the following guidance notes are additional to those given on the Specification
Sheets.
a) "Location / site" data for any task shall be taken to include Kilometre Post (KP), Lat./Long.
Co-ordinates) or Range/Bearing data. The data shall be accurate to at least +/-5m, absolute.
The datum or reference system must be given.
b) A "Substructure ID" may also be a pipeline identification number ("PID"). A single PID
is allocated to a pipeline and its risers and shall be used in all relevant reporting
documentation.
c) Where defects are reported, the orientation of each defect shall be given, with reference to
the pipeline axis. The compass orientation of the pipeline shall also be given.
d) Where pipeline work is performed remote from, or independently of a platform work scope,
then any non-relevant "Platform ID" data may be omitted from reporting documentation.
The Major Platform inspection is the primary method of determining the condition and degree of
deterioration of offshore structures.
e) Debris Removal
A debris removal program may be carried out on the structure and surrounding seabed,
up to 18m out from the mud brace members. The requirement for debris removal is
normally an on site confirmation by the CSR .
f) Base Level Survey
i) Scour
Measure the distance from the underside of the mud braces to the seabed at all piles and
at the center point on all primary horizontal perimeter members. Measure the depth of
burial from the seabed to the top of the members if the member is buried. If the member
is partially buried, report the percentage burial.
ii) Exposed Piles
Where piles are exposed, additional inspection including C.P. measurements, ultrasonic
wall thickness measurements and stand-off photography should be carried out. Seabed
stabilisation may be required on piles exposed by >1.0m. The requirement for
stabilisation is normally confirmed by the CSR unless part of the original work scope.
g) Attachments
i) Boat Fenders
Inspect the condition of all boat fender braces, ladders, clamps and bolts. Take
sufficient topside photographs to show the general condition of the boat landing and
attachments.
Instructions may be given by the CSR to water blast clean all attachments to jacket legs
and structural braces sufficiently to verify the security of clamps, bolts and welds . If
the boat fender is connected directly to the jacket leg(s) with welded stubs, check for
any signs of deformation of the jacket legs. If any evidence of deformation is present
grit-blast clean the attachment weld and carry out close visual inspection as well as
Magnetic Particle Inspection of the weld(s).
ii) Sump Pipe and Caissons
a) Verify the location and diameter.
b) Record the depth of termination .
c) Take stand-off photographs of the termination.
d) Clean and/or and inspect all sump /caisson connections to the jacket.
Note : Activities (a) and (b) are normally to be carried on new structures or
installations only.
obtain a complete set of measurements, especially on the outside of the riser bend
(6 o'clock position).
vii) Take measurements from the legs to both ends of the riser beam (if any) at each
jacket plan level.
viii) Inspect all pipelines within 50 meters of the footprint area of the platform (or to
such lesser distance where the pipeline becomes completely buried).
Note: Activities (i) and (vii) are normally to be carried out on new structures, new
installations or when damage is suspected.
j) Structural Damage
Stills Photographs of all discovered damage are required. Take sufficient measurements
to determine accurate dimensions of, and to precisely locate the defect. Carry out taut-
wire out-of-straightness measurements (in two planes at 90 degrees) on all significantly
damaged structural members, risers and pipelines. Measure the depth and orientation of
all dents or other structural defects. Use a straight-edge to determine the depth of
localised defects.
any reason cannot be recovered to the surface or removed. Remove or cut all
wire ropes crossing the pipeline.
ii) The Client may require removal of any riser elbow supports that prevent access
for riser elbow wall thickness measurements. When replacing the supports
removed, do so to the preferred distance of three (3) meters along the pipeline
from the lower riser elbow butt-weld.
iii) Support all free spans that exceed the allowable length. Refer to the supplied
Client pipeline data for details of allowable free spans PRIOR to the inspection.
iv) Secure all loose attachments on the boat landing if any.
v) Insert missing neoprene liners in the riser clamps unless the risers are designed
to be in electrical continuity with the platform. Remove any neoprene liners
from riser clamps where the riser is designed to be in electrical contact with the
platform.
Confirm the pipelines cathodic protection status from the Client pipeline data PRIOR to
the inspection and rectification .
vi) Tighten all loose riser clamp bolts .
vii) Remove redundant riser clamps and replace damaged clamps.
viii) Secure all loose anode mountings.
ix) Replace missing anodes.
x) Replace all depleted (>90% depleted) anodes.
xi) Remove all riser knee braces.
xii) Clean and remove obstructions from the sump and caisson intakes.
xiii) All open flood valves should be closed or otherwise sealed. If the valves are
jammed open some form of bung closure should be inserted, OR the valve
sealed using "splashtron" compound (or equivalent).
Note: All Maintenance tasks are to be carried out ONLY after specific written
instructions by the CSR.
The results of the ROV visual inspection are normally the basis for planning diver remedial
works during the subsequent Major Platform Inspection. The standard scope of work includes the
followings :
a) Structure
i) Carry out a general visual inspection of the structure and attachments. Report
all areas of damage, corrosion or debris items present on the structure.
Stills Photographs of all areas of damage or significant defects are normally
required. Take sufficient photographs to assess the size of, and to accurately
locate, the defect.
b) Debris Survey
Carry out a debris survey on the structure and surrounding seabed to a distance of 18
meters out from the perimeter mud brace members and report:-
i) Any damage caused by debris.
ii) The type, size and location of ail significant debris items present.
iii) Photographs should be taken of all such large debris items which may require
special provision of cutting or lifting equipment for safe debris removal.
iv) A scale diagram should be produced to identify and locate all significant debris
items.
x) Buckle arrestors.
xi) Temporary or permanent repair clamps.
xii) Riser and clamp defects.
xiii) Pad-eyes and other facilities.
A post installation survey is basically a complete general visual inspection of the entire structure,
but may contain additional tasks in order to allow the Client to confirm platform integrity prior to
final acceptance from the Contractor .
The standard scope of work normally includes all or most of the following elements :-
d) Boat Fenders
Inspect the condition of all boat fender braces, ladders, clamps and bolts. Take
sufficient topside photographs to show the general condition of the boat landing and
attachments. Verify the integrity of all clamps, bolts and welds.
m) Pipeline Anodes
Note anode presence and location (KP) and where possible describe their
condition. Monitor anode activity using a C.P. profiler. At selected anodes,
attempt to estimate the dimensions of the anode .
n) Stabilisation Mats/Weights
Record the location (KP), dimensions, condition and method of attachment to
the pipeline of all such items. Assess whether the mat/weight contributes
towards pipeline stability.
o) Tie-in
Record the location (KP) and condition of the tie-in and protective equipment.
Photograph all tie-in components.
p) Repair Clamps
Record the location (KP) and clamp condition and take photographs as required.
q) Padeyes / Lifting Davit Clamps
Record the location (KP) and type, dimensions and condition of the
padeye/lifting-clamp .
r) Bare Metal Exposure
Record the KP and describe the dimensions, orientation and KP of the area of
bare metal exposure. Take contact CP measurements.
s) Signs of Pipeline Movement
Inspect for possible causes of movement, anchor dragging etc .
t) Major Seabed Features
Record the KP, dimensions, orientations and type of features present.
u) Major debris Items
Record the KP, dimensions, orientation and type of debris item.
1.6.3.2 Side-scan Sonar Survey
Side-scan Sonar Survey is carried out in order to locate major defects (bends, anchor
damage, pipeline movements and major free spans) which may have occurred.
The standard scope of work will normally include the following :-
a) A complete side-scan sonar survey of the entire line.
b) Plot the pipeline position and compare with previous survey plots to determine
whether any pipeline movement has occurred.
c) Identify the start and stop positions and height of all free spans.
d) Locate all point and line targets indicating seabed features such as .-
i) anchor-drag scars
ii) blow-out craters
Document No: SI-P-MA-00011 Revision: A
Date: 25 August 1998 q:\qa\qa\ma\dma00011.doc Page: 21 of 117
Project No: Prepared: D. Brighouse
Approved: C. Broussard
Global Industries A/P Pte Ltd NDT Inspection Manual
Produce a scale diagram to locate and identify all items of interest present
within the survey area. If the survey location is remote from structures and
pipelines use GPS or company-supplied navigation package to determine the
coordinates of the survey area and any items of interest reported.
b) If the survey location is adjacent to a structure then relate the locations of all
items of interest to the platform center co-ordinates and / or specified jacket
legs at seabed level.
c) If the survey location is remote from offshore structures, but adjacent (within
50m) to a pipeline, record the KP of the closest point of the pipeline as well as
the GPS coordinates.
INSPECTION PROCEDURES
SECTION TWO
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SUBJECT DETAIL
Objectives 1.0 To detect the following without prior cleaning :-
a) Gross damage to, defect in, or deformation of a component or sub
component, including leaks & obvious corrosion
b) Signs of unintentional movement including subsistence, and signs of
restriction to intended movement
c) Obvious variations from given information & drawings, including
unidentified & missing attachments and supports
d) Other obvious, potential risks to structural & pressure integrity.
2.0 a) To routinely log obvious debris, and the presence of any of the above
anomalies
b) To further describe and code any of the above anomalies
3.0 To identify and log any debris items in close proximity (< 50m) to the platform
structure both internally and externally.
4.0 To identify and log any debris items and/or scour in the path of a "jack-up" rig spud
can position.
Task Procedure Report on condition, marine growth, anomalies including missing coating, dents,
damage, missing bracings, etc
b) Legs : Outer 75% of circ. (full)
Report on condition, marine growth, anomalies including missing coating, dents,
damage, etc.
c) Verticals, Caissons, Conductors : 50% of circ. (full)
Report on condition, marine growth, anomalies including loose or damaged
supports, loose clamps, dents, damage, bell mouth debris, etc.
Assess the extent of any metallic debris in contact with the structure. A diver Visual
inspection and cathodic potential measurements may be required where such
contact exists and the debris is deemed by the Client Site Representatjve to be
excessive or likely to pose problems for the structure's cathodic protection system.
Photographs should be taken of all significant debris items in contact with the
structure. Inspect the point of contact for damage or corrosion.
Seabed survey can be carried out either by divers or by the ROV. If carried out
using an ROV, all inspection is to be recorded on video whereas with divers, video
recording is required only if anomalies are located.
If metallic debris is located inside the jacket or in contact with the structure or
pipelines it should be recovered to the surface. If the debris cannot be recovered to
surface it should be moved to a specified location outside the structure (and at least
1 m from structural members and pipelines). If the debris cannot be moved due to
non-availability of divers, then the location and dimensions of each item shall be
recorded.
Assess the extent of any metallic debris in contact with the structure or pipelines
and on the surrounding seabed. Carry out a close Visual inspection where such
contact exists. The seabed should be surveyed (along each 3 m. interval ) to a
distance of 18 m out from the external jacket members and photographs taken of
significant debris items present.
The survey can be carried out by any resource, AIR, SAT or ROV. With ROV
surveys, all inspections shall be recorded on video. Diver survey normally only
requires video recording when anomalies are located .
Report the exact location of the area surveyed. Describe all seabed features, debris
items or other items of interest found.
Debris Coding
Anomaly Found
Provide a brief description and position of each anomlay or item of debris observed.
SUBJECT DETAIL
Objectives 1.0 For any support, such as a clamp, guide or fabricated support, to attempt to detect
the following without prior cleaning :-
a) Obvious failure of the support device
b) Missing bolts, studs or nuts
c) Missing or existing liner, which is at variance with the spec.
d) Obvious signs of relative movement of the support or supported item.
e) Obvious signs of misalignment, including unintended or non uniform gaps
between component parts of the support.
2.0 To determine that all intended supports as per the specification or drawing are
actually in place.
3.0 a) To routinely as found log bolt, liner & alignment status, any remedial work
and the presence of any anomalies.
b) To further describe and code any of the above anomalies
Preparation Required Confirm the Cathodic Protection Specification, (je. whether the support is designed to
be in electrical contact with the structure/riser/attachment)
Task Procedure Report all areas of damage, paint condition if the clamp is coated.
Bolt status should be reported as follows :-
NNI-INN 2 nuts, then clamp flanges, then 2 nuts
BI-INN bolt head, then clamp flanges, then 2 nuts
BWI-IWN bolt head, washer, flanges, washer, then single nut
SUBJECT DETAIL
1.0 To estimate & record the wastage of an anode without dedicated cleaning.
Objectives
2.0 To record any variance between as-found & as-specified anode positions (if not
identified during other inspection tasks).
Preparation Required None unless specified by Client. Minimal marine growth may be removed to allow an
estimate of wastage.
SUBJECT DETAIL
Objectives 1.0 To record any variance between as-found & as-specified anode positions (if not
identified during other inspection tasks).
2.0 To identify the condition of each anode and its supporting brackets
Preparation Required Ensure that the transformer / rectifier's power supply is switched OFF. No cleaning
should be required for a working impressed current anode. Cleaning the anode may
damage the Platinum or Niobium layer.
Client dependant
Task Procedure Confirm the structural integrity of the anode and its support bracket. Report on the
condition of the anode material (usually Platinum or Niobium). Should anomalies be
found additional tasks may be required.
Safety Considerations Ensure that the impressed current power supply is switched off and isolated prior to
diver inspection of the impressed current anode.
SUBJECT DETAIL
Objectives 1.0 To detect evidence of erosion of the sea floor from around near-sea bed or sea bed
penetrating components excluding pipelines.
2.0 To estimate the distance between a fixed and obvious structural datum and the sea
floor.
3.0 To record sufficient information to allow basic plotting of scour profile along
perimeter members, or around legs/piles.
Task Procedure Measure the distance between the component (either the underside of the mud mat
or underside of bottom elevation horizontal) and the seabed at the locations
specified in the work scope. Where the component is a horizontal, record the
compass direction of the centre line.
If build up is noted to be greater than 1m above last reported seabed level, report
and code as "BU" - Burial/Partial Burial Anomaly.
Take one (1) CP measurement and two (2) wall thickness measurements on each
exposed pile. Photograph the exposed piles if visibility permits.
On instruction from the Client, protect piles exposed by >1.0 metres from further
scouring either using sand-bags, cement-bags or grout-bags or gravel-dumps.
SUBJECT DETAIL
Objectives 1.0 To detect any obvious obstruction to inlets or outlets, such as pump or sump
caisson ends.
2.0 To detect obvious obstacles to intended movement (e.g.) debris wedged within
guides.
3.0 To detect potential obstacles to deployment or installation of sub sea plant or
pipelines.
Task Procedure Identify and log any obstacle that may be outside the criteria of the objectives
(above).
Measure the depth of each sump/caisson mouth inspected
Take measurements of any obstruction thought to be in the way of deployment or
installation of planned attachments.
Complete an anomaly form for each obstruction identified
Should anomalies be found additional tasks may be required on the authorisation of
BSP to remove the obstacles.
Safety Considerations Ensure that all sumps and caissons in the area are closed down, including fire pump
risers.
Divers to confirm no discharge from sumps prior to approaching.
Fire pump risers to be inspected in a predetermined sequence such that they can be
"locked out" in turn prior to the diver or ROV inspecting.
Divers and/or ROV to ensure a clear route of egress from the platform.
SUBJECT DETAIL
Objectives 1.0 To estimate the coverage and thickness of marine growth on a component, without
the need to measure or photograph the growth
2.0 To detect obvious growth pattern anomalies (e.g.) growth far in excess of norm,
or a total absence of growth where it is expected.
3.0 To record sufficient information for a structure, such that a basic plot of growth
cover & thickness against depth can be generated.
Equipment Required 50 mm wide tape-measure or calibrated band, Marine growth photographic ident,
Stand-off camera.
Relevant Standards Divers should be able to discriminate between soft and hard groups of marine
fouling organisms and provide an estimate of percentage cover for each group.
Task Procedure The task should normally be performed concurrently with the Component Status
Check
All checks are to be conducted on the main horizontal face members and leg sections
as specified by the Client.
Report the following :- Soft Growth %age Cover
Soft Growth Average Thickness
Soft Growth Type
Hard Growth %age Cover
Hard Growth Average Thickness
Hard Growth Type
Where soft growth hinders the ability to visually estimate the underlying hard growth,
use any nearby area where soft growth has been abraded or cleared to provide the
estimate.
At specified intervals (WOR), check the accuracy of visual estimation by using a
graduated probe adjacent to the edge of the growth.
SUBJECT DETAIL
Objectives 1.0 To identify the presence or absence of a coating, and where possible, the condition
of the coating, but without prior removal of marine growth.
Task Procedure At locations specified by the Client, report on the condition of the coating(s). Do not
remove or damage coating unless instructed by the CSR.
Report the presence of blisters and/or the nature of other visible deterioration.
Approximate the "Area Checked (m 2)" and report. The minimum area considered
acceptable for an accurate assessment is 100mm x 100mm (0.01 m2).
In any survey area where damage or absence of coating is reported, complete an
anomaly report.
SUBJECT DETAIL
Objectives 1.0 To confirm or quantify the results of an operation (e.g.) the stroking of a sub sea
valve, or the setting of an anchor, and where necessary, to monitor or periodically
check the status or result of an operation (e.g.) the serviceability of operating
equipment or the gradual pressurisation of a hose.
Task Procedure At locations specified by the Client, conduct the task according to the work scope.
Identify each "check" or "function" performed with a unique identifier.
Log each step of a function check with accurate time measurement (e.g.) "Valve
begins opening" to the nearest second.
In any survey area where damage or anomaly is reported, complete an anomaly
report.
SUBJECT DETAIL
Objectives 1.0 To log any inspection tasks or operations for which no more specific data
requirements have yet been developed in a format consistent with other inspection
reporting.
SUBJECT DETAIL
Objectives 1.0 To identify and log any debris items in close proximity (< 50m) to the platform
structure both internally and externally.
2.0 To identify and log any debris items and/or scour in the path of a "jack-up" rig
spud can position.
Task Procedure The seabed should be surveyed (along each 3 m. interval ) to a distance of 18 m out
from the external jacket members and photographs taken of significant debris items
present.
The survey can be carried out by any resource, AIR, SAT or ROV. With ROV
surveys, all inspections shall be recorded on video. Diver survey normally only
requires video recording when anomalies are located.
The survey may be carried out by the ROV on an area of seabed covering the
combined seabed foot prints of the rig/barge and offshore structure / wellhead, but
extending a minimum of 50 metres outboard from the barge / rig footprint.
Report all significant debris items present. Produce a scale diagram to locate and
identify all significant debris or other items of interest. A pre-rig-move survey
should be recorded an video and should report any major metallic debris, coral
heads, boulders, seabed depressions or other items which might obstruct spud can
penetration. 3-meter inspection passes is the minimum requirement.
Sandbagging around the spud can may be required in the event of insufficient
penetration of the spud can into the seabed. This is carried out to prevent scouring
around the spud can. Debris removal by the diver may also be required (especially
in the area of spud can penetration) before the rig moves into location.
SUBJECT DETAIL
Objectives 1.0 After necessary cleaning and with close attention to detail :-
a) To fully describe the area or item being inspected, with dimensions & any other
appropriate reference systems.
b) To detect and quantify damage & defects, including cracks & corrosion, with
smallest dimension > 2-3mm.
c) To identify any restrictions to the specific inspection, such as obscuring
attachments.
d) To identify signs of previous inspection or remedial work, inclusive of datum
marks, grinding areas and defect end points.
2.0 To report the inspection findings in unambiguous and uncluttered format,
adopting standard terminology & using tables & appropriate scaled drawings.
3.0 By comparison with any available, previous inspection reports, to identify any
changes in the condition of the inspected item, and in particular to identify any
extension of crack like defects.
Performed By Diver
Personnel Qualifications C.S.W.I.P. 3.1U minimum and Client approval based on experience.
Relevant Standards Establish datum and mark with three punch-marks at 12 O'clock top dead centre
position.
Task Procedure Close Visual Inspection is carried out on selected welds or on areas of damage or in-
service defects
1. Ensure preparatory cleaning is sufficient to identify all defects on the component;
including the weld or heat affected zone (HAZs). If necessary, carry out further
cleaning. Remember, the inspection will normally be deemed unacceptable if traces
Task Procedure
2. Establish zero datum and record its position. If applicable, mark the datum point
with three punch marks above the NODE side toe at the edge of the HAZ.
3 Establish a millimeter graduated tape measure around the weld (on the MEMBER
side) so as not to obscure the weld, the heat affected zones or to prevent the
identification of any possible defects
4 Report the length to 3 o'clock, to o'clock 9 o'clock and total weld length in mm.
5. Begin the Inspection from datum working either clockwise left to right or top to
bottom dependant on the weld configuration. The area to be Inspected includes both
heat affected zones, the weld toes and weld cap.
6. For weld CVI clearly identify the Chord, Chord Toe, Weld Cap, Brace Toe & Brace
areas on the drawing produced and use these as identifying features in the Data
Capture form.
7. Mark any areas of interest of defects clearly with paint stick
8. If any corrosion pitting is observed, CP measurement shall be performed in
accordance with Task CP-CON
9. The following defects should be reported :-
a. Areas of previous MPI grinding
b. Presence of weld stubs or dogs (from fabrication)
c. Presence of all additional welds (e.g.) seam welds
d. Undercut greater than or equal to 2 mm depth
e. Missing weldment or lack of reinforcement greater than or equal to 2 mm depth
f. Corrosion pitting greater than or equal to 2 mm in depth Record the longitudinal
and transverse dimensions of the pits as well as depth of pitting
g. All cracks or crack-like indications
h. All denting or other mechanical damage
i. Porosity, blow-holes, slag inclusions, gouges or other fabrication defects greater
than 2 mm in depth.
Record the start and stop positions of each feature in millimeters from datum, its
position relative to the weld under inspection, its width, breadth and height if
applicable, plus any other information which may be useful
10. Make additional sketches where necessary
SUBJECT DETAIL
Objectives 1.0 For any support device, such as a clamp, guide or fabricated span support, and
after necessary cleaning :-
a) To check the general integrity of the support component parts, including its
attachment to the structure.
b) To check the presence & tightness of each stud or bolt & its nuts,
individually.
c) To determine which parts of the support have liners fitted, if any.
d) To check for & measure any evidence of support misalignment, such as
irregular gaps between clamp flanges.
e) To check for & measure signs of relative movement between support parts
and/or supported items.
2.0 To report the inspection findings and to log any remedial work in an unambiguous
and uncluttered format, using tables, and if necessary, drawings.
Performed By Diver
Task Procedure The inspection relates to any support device, including span rectification supports.
Ensure as-built drawings are studied prior to commencement and during the
execution of the inspection to determine conformance.
Clean the device to be inspected only to the degree necessary to adequately carry
out the inspection.
SUBJECT DETAIL
Any variation, including such data as clamp type, to the as-built drawing requires
the completion of an anomaly report under code "VS" Variation to Specification.
Any anomaly report in this category will require a dimensioned sketch.
Notes : Any bolt head under flush with nut constitutes an anomaly
Safety Considerations Divers should ensure that the water blaster is safely rigged since cleaning supports
may involve considerable movement. Water-blasters are potentially lethal.
Performed By Diver
Preparation Required Removal of marine growth from the anode, immediate supports & non sacrificial core
by water blaster, hydraulic brush or hand scraper/ brush.
Removal of soft corrosion products from the anode as above.
Task Procedure Ensure the as-built drawing is referred to. annotate the drawing to confirm the
location of the selected anode.
Estimate wastage & take a stand-off photograph of the anode prior to any anode
cleaning. Assess the wastage according to the procedure VI-ANO.
Remove marine growth as detailed above
Take measurements of the anode length and circumference/side and record.
Calculate wastage %age as follows :-
= (1 - (Calc. volume / Orig. volume)) x 100
= (1 - (side2 x length/[orig. Length x Breadth x Width])) x 100
"side" = Circumf/4)
If an anomaly is reported, complete an Anomaly Report and inform the CAR.
SUBJECT DETAIL
Objectives 1.0 To detect evidence of and quantify erosion of the sea floor from around near-sea
bed or sea bed penetrating components excluding pipelines.
2.0 To estimate the distance between a fixed and obvious structural datum and the sea
floor
3.0 To describe the composition of the sea floor at the scour measurement site.
3.0 To record sufficient scour measurements to allow plotting of the scour profile
along perimeter members, or around the legs/piles of a structure.
Task Procedure Measure the distance between the component (either the underside of the mud mat or
underside of bottom elevation horizontal) and the seabed at the locations specified in
the work scope in sufficient detail to map abrupt changes along or around a
component. Where the component is a horizontal, record the compass direction of
the centre line.
Each site requires the capture of the seabed profile over a 6m X-section at 90 0 to the
site/member to indicate contour.
Report the seabed composition (e.g.) "soft sand/silt - easily stirred up"
Where the component is buried record the depth of burial.
Report all piles exposed by >1.0 m and areas of localised scouring.
Refer to previous reports to determine whether there is a significant change to the
seabed profile. If scour is determined, even if not appreciable, create a drawing using
anomaly report code "VS" - Variation to Specification.
SUBJECT DETAIL
Task Procedure If build up is noted to be greater than 1m above last reported seabed level, report
and code as "BU" - Burial/Partial Burial Anomaly.
For reports requiring more than one record on a single component, ensure each is
identified uniquely by reference to a fixed horizontal reference point (e.g.) node
weld.
On instruction from the Client, protect piles exposed by >1.0 metres from further
scouring either using sand-bags, cement-bags or grout-bags or gravel-dumps .
SUBJECT DETAIL
Preparation Required Removal of growth (typically 150mm sq.) from each site to determine accurate
thickness measurements for underlying growth.
Relevant Standards Divers should be able to discriminate between hard and soft growth marine fouling
organisms and provide an estimate of percentage cover for each group.
SUBJECT DETAIL
Task Procedure All checks are typically conducted on a selected leg at 5m intervals between 0m and
50m. or as specified by the Client.
At each specified location take (3) circumferential measurements around the jacket
leg (or other specified component) including the marine growth. The three (3)
measurements should be taken at 0.5 m depth separations using the 50 mm wide
tape-measure.
Effective Thickness should be calculated for each depth increment as follows.
EFFECTIVE THICKNESS (E.T) = ½(P - O. D.)
pi
Where P = the mean circumference measurement (mm)
and O.D. = the nominal pipe outside diameter (mm)
Measurement of marine growth depth/density are taken at the four cardinal points
(i.e.) Jacket N, S, E, W using a graduated probe/ruler.
Stand-off and profile photography and video recording is required at each depth
increment and each measurement point.
Report the following : Depth/Position/Orientation
: Soft Growth %age Cover
: Soft Growth Thickness (ave)
: Hard Growth %age Cover
: Hard Growth Thickness (ave)
Safety Considerations On certain platforms there may be marine growth that produces severe dermatoid
reaction. Such reactions have been known to cause skin burns that require
hospitalisation.
Ensure that gloves are worn at all times, with barrier creams around the wrists and
neck.
Where such growth is suspected, wear full dry suit protection and use barrier cream
to ensure safety.
SUBJECT DETAIL
Preparation Required Cleaning with wire brush or low pressure water jetting.
Area to be cleaned at each identified location : 300mm sq.
Note : If area cannot be cleaned without damaging coating, complete an anomaly
report under code "CD" Coating Damage
Task Procedure At locations specified by BSP, report on the condition of the coating(s). Report the
presence of blisters and/or the nature of other visible deterioration. Blistering should
be reported with Blister % and Blister Burst %.over the inspection area.
Approximate the "Cleaned Area (mm2)" and report. The minimum area considered
acceptable for an accurate assessment is 300mm x 300mm
Take Stand Off Photogrpahs of the area cleaned prior to any remedial work or further
cleaning.
Do not remove or damage coating unless instructed by BSP CAR. If so instructed,
remove damaged areas of coating and report on the presence of underlying
deterioration and/or pitting.
If corrosion pitting is present, further cleaning will be required in accordance with
CU-COR and CP Readings taken in accordance with CU-CON. Photographs will be
required of such anomalies.
In any survey area where damage, extensive pitting or absence of coating is reported,
complete an anomaly report.
SUBJECT DETAIL
Objectives 1.0 After removal of marine fouling, surface deposits and all coatings to bright or white
metal, to closely examine the metal surface and to quantify pitting or other
corrosion related defects.
Performed By Diver
Preparation Required Cleaning by high pressure water blaster with grit entrainment
Area to be cleaned, unless otherwise specified to be 300mm sq.
Task Procedure At locations specified by BSP, clean the object to bright or white metal using a high
pressure water jet with grit entrainment and in accordance with 4.4.1 - Cleaning for
Inspection (CL-INS)
Approximate the "Cleaned Area (mm2)" and report. The minimum area considered
acceptable for an accurate assessment is 300mm x 300mm
Take Stand Off Photographs of the area cleaned prior to any remedial work or further
cleaning.
If corrosion pitting is present, CP Readings are to be taken and accurate "pit gauge"
measurements obtained. BSP may require a mould casting to be taken. Refer to the
appropriate procedure.
In any survey area where damage, extensive pitting is reported, complete an anomaly
report.
SUBJECT DETAIL
Objectives 1.0 To verify the correct operation & full coverage of a structure's cathodic protection
system.
2.0 To measure the cathodic protection potential (CP) at specified locations on a
structure.
Relevant Standards Pre- and Post-Calibration of meters must be within the range -1025 mV to - 1050
mV on pure zinc.
Report all measurements less negative than -825 mV. All C.P. measurements more
negative than -1200 mV should be reported because over protection can cause
hydrogen embrittlement.
Task Procedure Carry out pre- and post-calibrations. Ensure that the meter or half-cell has been
soaked in clean seawater for at least 60 minutes prior to use (or 6 hours if not used
within the preceding 10 days). Calibration measurements should be within the range
-1025 mV to -1050 mV on pure zinc.
For contact C.P. measurements clean the surface to be inspected sufficiently to
allow the probe-tip to contact bare metal. Ensure that the meter has stabilised prior
to reporting the C.P. measurement.
For any reading outside the acceptable range, two further readings will be recorded
in that location. Should the reading continue to be outside limits, readings are to be
taken from points immediately adjacent to the area, working outward until
acceptable readings are obtained.
Safety Considerations Divers should be aware of the locations of impressed current anodes or other areas of
high impressed currents and should avoid contact with them.
SUBJECT DETAIL
Objectives 1.0 To determine the wall thickness of pipe or plate by digital readout ultrasonic
equipment.
SUBJECT DETAIL
Objectives 1.0 To determine the position, dimensions, orientation and/or straightness of an item
or surface.
Personnel Qualifications CSWIP 3.1U Minimum and BSP approval based on experience.
Preparation Required Cleaning by Hand, Waterjet or Grit-blasting dependant on work scope and item being
measured.
Relevant Standards All inspection measurements should be in "System Internationale" (SI.) Units.
The only normal exception to this METRIC-ONLY rule is the classification of
certain standard pipe-diameters in inches (e.g. 6", 8", 10", 12" etc.) However, all
MEASUREMENTS of pipe diameter or circumference should be in metric Please
note that a given pipe can be classified as (say) 14" but is measured metres and
milimeters
Measurement tasks include damage surveys, dimensional verification for
construction purposes and quantification of items of interest.
Task Procedure All positional measurements are to be referenced to a datum point which must be an
obvious and permanent structural feature. The datum must be suitable for re-use
during future inspections. All measurements must be in metres and millimetres. A
table of specified or expected measurements should be prepared in advance so that
discrepancies are detected immediately and further confirmatory measurements
taken if required. The Diver should report any factors which might adversely affect
the accuracy of the survey.
Linear Measurements
Fibre-glass type reel tape-measures are to be used for the majority of dimensional
verification tasks. The tapes should be zeroed at the datum position. For general
dimensional verification tasks such as measurement of anode or riser-clamp
position only minimal hand-cleaning will be required unless marine growth
obstructs the tape-measure Measurements should be as accurate as possible and
divers should report any factors which might adversely affect the accuracy of the
survey
Detailed Survey
For detailed measurements the area will require prior cleaning either by HP water-
jet or by grit-blasting. Detailed measurements are normally only required on welds,
areas of damage / corrosion or other anomalies. When required the datum point
should be permanently marked using a centre-punch.
Taut wire measurements are generally required on areas of damage to structural
members and are usually specifically requested by site instruction. The taut-wire
should be set up along the member with the wire ends set as close as possible to the
end nodes. The taut wire should be installed along an area clear of obstructions and
in a position such that the wire is not in contact with any attachments.
Whenever possible, the 12:00, 03:00, 06:00 or 09:00 positions should be used.
Ensure that both ends of the wire have exactly the same orientation. The exact
location of the wire datum positions (where the wire leaves the stand-off frame)
should be measured and recorded prior to the inspection. Stand off measurements
along structural members should be taken every 0.5 m with additional
measurements in areas of deformation (or other special interest) as required.
Taut wire measurements should be carried out in two planes at 90 degrees to each
other.
Dent Measurements
A straight edge should be used along the longitudinal axis of the damaged
component to determine the depth of damage. A grid should be drawn ove the
damaged area to assist the diver in locating the measurement points as accurately as
possible. The straight edge should be sufficiently long to cover the entire area of
deformation. The spacing of measurements should be determined once the extent
of damage is known and should be related to the possible structural importance of
the defect.
Wall Thickness Measurements
SUBJECT DETAIL
Objectives 1.0 To determine the position, dimensions, orientation and/or straightness of a pipeline
Preparation Required Unless pipeline movement is suspected, repeated pipeline triangulation is not
required.
Task Procedure 1) ROV / Diver plot the pipeline position using DGPS or equivalent and sonar at
the intervals specified in the work scope. Produce a scaled pipeline drawing
from the fixes thus obtained.
2) If no position-fixing equipment is available, the diver should measure out 3-
meter increments along the pipeline and mark these with paint-stick or similar.
Affix two (2) 50m tape-measures to datum points at both sides of the pipeline
(usual datum points are the comer jacket legs). Record the tape-measurements
at each 3 metre position on the pipeline starting at the lower (pipeline) riser
elbow butt-weld.
Prepare a draft pipeline triangulation drawing using graph-paper and compasses as
each measurement is recorded.
For both ROV and Diver pipeline triangulation, record details of pipeline burial /
exposure as the pipeline is surveyed.
SUBJECT DETAIL
Objectives 1.0 To provide sufficient information on the nature of the span, such that a
retrospective engineering assessment of its cause and criticality can be made
onshore.
2.0 More specifically :-
a) To measure the distance between touch down points on a free spanning section
of pipeline.
b) To record the absolute position of the span with reference to some permanent
pipeline or seabed feature, or position reference system.
c) To estimate the average & maximum span heights (i.e. line bottom to seabed
directly underneath)
d) To determine the typical cross sectional profile for the span (e.g.) within
trench/depression or on level seabed.
e) To describe the nature of the touch down points support (e.g.) soft sand, hard
rock, sand bagged support or line cross over.
Relevant Standards Support may be required due to free spans exceeding the safe unsupported length of
pipeline or to provide further support should engineering calculations show the bend
radii to be exceeded with a single mid point support.
Typical free span maximum unsupported lengths are 30 x the line nominal diameter.
SUBJECT DETAIL
Task Procedure On identification of a free span location and prior to commencement of free span
correction operations, a full ROV or diver survey should be undertaken as follows :-
1. The ROV or diver shall carry out an inspection of the pipe line to provide data on
length of span, height along the route of the free span, seabed condition and
midpoint position of the free span
2. The free span inspection is to be carried out by a combination of visual (i.e.) camera /
video which will be taped, and sonar references. Height above seabed, taken at 1
metre intervals is taken by reference to an object of known height, or if preferred, by
graduated measuring device held in the manipulator jaw or by diver held measuring
probe.
3. It is normal that all measurements be referenced to field joint numbers. (i.e.) distance
from touch down, distance of free span, etc. are all written as distances from specific
field joint(s).
4. The ROV or diver will commence from a touch down point if possible.
Measurements of free spans are normally taken at 1 meter intervals. The
Observer/Data Recorder will note all data on the inspection report form He will
report the distance from the underside of the pipeline to the seabed and report on the
bottom conditions (i.e.) firm or soft. If a particularly soft or uneven bottom profile is
found, it may be necessary to create a partial base of cement bags or similar
5. Seabed softness shall be determined within rough estimate by means of a colour
coded probe fastened to the ROV and by subsequent observation by the
pilot/technician. Actual conditions shall be confirmed by the diver when on bottom.
6. Dependant on the method of ROV deployment and the type of vessel employed, the
survey may continue over several field joints or be done in stages. Considerations
for the type of survey carried out must be made based on the relevant sections of the
Manuals regarding ROV operations from D.P. Vessels or anchored vessels.
7. Cross Profile is reported as follows :
1 = Level seabed below pipe
2 = Symmetrical scour, trench or depression below/around pipe
3 = Asymetric seabed profile (eg) scour one side, level other
(Note : this finding requires an anomaly report)
4 = Other irregular, unusual or potentially unstable profile
(Note : this finding requires an anomaly report)
8. If an existing support is found, report as found condition.
SUBJECT DETAIL
Objectives 1.0 To measure the strength of cathodic potential current flow through an anode stub,
pipeline or other structural item.
Performed By Diver
Preparation Required Hand-cleaning of the anode bar, stubs, pipeline, or other component sufficient to fit
the Swain Ammeter Sea Clip.
Note : Anode material (Zn, Al, etc) should not be cleaned prior to carrying out
SWAIN measurements as this increases anode activity.
Task Procedure Operating Procedure for Swain Meter Current flow measurements.
a) Connect up the umbilical, meter and appropriate "sea-clip".
b) Check the meter is initially set to zero.
c) Run the "clip" to the work site.
d) Diver holds the clip stationary about 2-3 meters away from any anodes or
steelwork.
e) Switch on the meter and use the right hand zero knob to zero it.
f) Clean the anode bar, stub, riser, pipeline or other specified component
sufficiently to fit the clamp (which is delicate and never to be used for scraping
marine growth).
g) Place the "sea-clip" around the anode bar, riser, pipeline or other specified
component, and hold it stationary.
h) Starting on the maximum range (100A) work down through the meter ranges
until a reading is obtained an the meter.
SUBJECT DETAIL
SUBJECT DETAIL
Objectives 1.0 To take a mould of a damaged area, such as structural member, boat landing.
Performed By Diver
Equipment Required Mould-casting materials, such as injected peelable silicon compounds, plasticine,
"Splashzone" or other approved material.
Task Procedure Place the moulding material on the area to be cast. Ensure that a datum point eg.
punch-marks or weld distance idents are present in the area to be cast. Once the
mould has cured, carefully remove it and place it in a suitable protective container
for recovery to surface On deck, a Plaster of Paris cast of the mould may be
required.
If large casts are required (e.g. of long lengths of weld), the casting should be
carried out in a number of smaller sections. If multiple casts are required, ensure
that sufficient overlap is present to enable detailed study of every part of the
component.
The tasks grouped within this section are those which normally require specialist tools
and operator/inspector skills. The tasks will most readily be performed by diver,
however, some may be performed by working-class ROV and specialist tooling. The
choice of intervention, diver or customised ROV, may be left to GIAP after consultation
with the Client, provided the objectives and data recording accuracy of the individual
Spec. Sheets can be complied with.
The tasks generally relate to intervention at specified sites on a structure, and commonly
require localised detail drawings of the structure to be available both for reference and for
firsthand mark-up of any findings.
The tasks included are:
SUBJECT DETAIL
Performed By Diver
SUBJECT DETAIL
SUBJECT DETAIL
Field strength, ink sensitivity and illumination shall be checked "on site" by the use
of a type 1 Burmah Castrol test strip or alternative flux measuring device. Checks
should be made before, during and after the inspection, at the 4 major cardinal clock
positions. The type 1 strip requires a field strength of 28 Oersteds to display "3
lines". This is considered the minimum acceptable flux strength. The intensity of
the U.V. light should be confirmed using a calibrated black light meter placed at the
inspection surface. U.V. intensity should be greater than 55 lux.
SUBJECT DETAIL
SUBJECT DETAIL
Task Procedure Permanent magnets should be used only when coils are impractical (e.g. on anode
stubs and gusset plates, seam welds, where access is difficult or on seam welds
where coil restraint is a problem). Electromagnetic yokes are preferable to
permanent magnets, however "prods" are not normally approved as they cause
damage to the structure. Coils should be set-up to give a minimum magnetising
force of 30 Oersteds.
Set up the coils close to the weld. Use the (pre-calculated) required number of coil
turns and adjust the current to give a minimum flux density of 30 Oersted (= 3
indications on type 1 Burmah Castrol Strip
Carry out MPI at night under U.V light using Magnaglo 14A Ink whenever
possible. MPI may be carried out during daylight only if poor visibility and depth
provide sufficient darkness.
Daylight MPI requires Dayglo ink as per MPI photography. Daylight ink is not
nearly as sensitive as Magnaglo 14A and Daylight MPI should only be carried out
for the purposes of MPI photography or under Client Site Instruction for operational
reasons
EDDY CURRENT/ACFM
Set up the equipment for the coating thickness present and scan the surface to be
inspected using the manufacturers recommended technique and choice of probes.
The component is to be scanned in lengths not exceeding 300 mm If defects are
recorded then location, orientation, length and depth are to be recorded. The
scanning of the work area is to be monitored using a Video camera
All defects found using the inspection techniques may be compared against the
results obtained using the other technique. Eddy current/ACFM may be specified as
a first-pass weld-screening technique (with less rigorous cleaning requirements than
for MPI). Alternatively, eddy current is used to obtain an indication of defect depth
prior to MPI grinding.
REMEDIAL GRINDING
This procedure is intended to provide unambiguous instructions for remedial
grinding in order to permit removal of certain defects. The approach i.e. calculation
of Effective Wall Thickness will be provide a reproduceable means of assessing
whether any given weld should have remedial grinding carried out.
It is essential to ensure that excessive grinding does not occur. The "bottom-line" of
the procedure is that a minimum of 85% of effective wall thickness must remain
after grinding, otherwise the defect must be referred for an engineering assessment.
No grinding is normally permitted deeper than 4.0mm (2.0mm of defect + 2.0mm
of undercut, previous grinding or other defect such as Lack of Weldment). The use
of Eddy Current Flaw detection to determine the depth of the defect prior to (and at
intervals during) grinding is an integral part of the procedure.
SUBJECT DETAIL
SUBJECT DETAIL
Task Procedure Take wall thickness measurements at the same 12 clock positions on the
member/leg parent metal as close to the weld toe containing the defect as access
permits. Subtract the above weld gauge measurement from the wall thickness
reading to obtain a set of "Effective Wall Thicknesses" for comparison with
specified wall thickness during subsequent crack propagation analysis.
Issue an Anomaly Report and DO NOT carry out remedial grinding unless with the
specific instruction of the Client .
CASE 2 If the defect is an MPI indication, a hairline crack (width <= 1.0mm) or a
feathered fatigue crack :-
At each of the 12 clock positions around the weld use a weld gauge placed along the
longitudinal axis of the member/leg and record the depth of any existing undercut (or
previous grinding).
Take wall thickness measurements at the same 12 dock positions on the member/leg
parent metal as close to the weld toe containing the defect as access permits. Subtract
the above weld gauge measurement from the wall thickness reading to obtain a set of
"Effective Wall Thicknesses" for comparison with specified wall thickness during
remedial grinding.
If any of the defects present are located between the above 12 clock position
measurements take an additional pair of wail thickness and weld gauge
measurements at the mid-point of the defect.
Profile grind the undercut to the above measured depth tie. to the start of the
indication).
Carry out EDDY CURRENT flaw detection (after profile grinding of the undercut to
ensure that EDDY CURRENT measures only the defect and not the undercut) and
determine the depth of the defect.
Carry out Magnetic Particle inspection to determine the length of the defect.
Effective wall thickness remaining should be calculated as the "Mean of measured
wall thickness minus measured undercut depth, divided by the specified wall
thickness" prior to commencement of MPIG remedial grinding.
If the defect depth is confirmed by EDDY CURRENT to be not greater than
2.0mm, AND if the Effective Wall Thickness remaining prior to commencement of
remedial grinding is greater than8S%, proceed with remedial grinding in 0.5mm
steps to a maximum of 2.0mm (excluding the previously-ground undercut).
Recalculate Effective Wall Thickness as remedial grinding progresses and ensure
that the total effective wall thickness remaining (after both undercut profile
grinding and remedial grinding) exceeds 85% of the specified nominal wall
thickness.
In all cases the combined depth of undercut-profiling and remedial grinding must
not exceed 4.0mm (measured by weld gauge along the longitudinal axis of the
member or leg adjacent to the weld toe containing the defect) without referral for
further grinding.
SUBJECT DETAIL
Task Procedure CASE 3 If the defect is not removed by remedial grinding as per CASE 2. above :
Document the remaining MPI indication on reaching 85% effective wall thickness.
Issue an Anomaly Report that fully describes the extent, location and depth of
grinding carried out and refer the defect for crack propagation analysis and further
action.
CASE 4 If authorisation is given to grind to more than 85% effective wall
thickness.
All grinding deeper than the 85% restriction should be the subject of a written
instruction based on structural engineering input and should be preceded and
succeeded by profile-gauge measurement and photography.
Safety Considerations Refer to GRINDING procedure for details of safety considerations associated with
the use of sub sea hydraulic grinders
Ensure the grinder is fitted with a proper guard and that no loose webbing or
rigging is within reach of the grinder
SUBJECT DETAIL
Objectives 1.0 To determine whether a closed tubular or component is flooded and to what extent.
Equipment Required Gascosonic Flooded Member Detector or similar for diver operations.
ROV probe Flooded member Detector for ROV operations.
Task Procedure After water-jet cleaning to remove hard and soft marine growth from a 0.5 m x 0.5 m
area. align the ultrasonic probe with the member to be inspected. The diver should
attach the magnetised ultrasonic probe assembly to the member and adjust the
alignment under instructions from the topside operator. When satisfactory alignment
has been achieved, the topside operator should initiate the ultrasonic test of the
member and report whether it is dry or flooded.
If flooded, further visual inspection is to be carried out to determine the cause of
flooding. Additional cleaning and detailed NDT inspection to determine the cause
of flooding may be required if GVI proves unable to determine the cause of
flooding
Refer to the manufacturer’s operator manual for details of Flooded Member
Detector's screen displays for typical flooded and dry members.
SUBJECT DETAIL
Performed By Diver
Equipment Required Appropriate sizes of Hydratight Sea Serpent (or equivalent) jacks, plus auxiliary
whips, down line, hydraulic pump etc.
Task Procedure Install the bolt-tensioning jack over each bolt to be tensioned and retain using a
reaction nut. connect together all the jacks into an hydraulic manifold. Link the
manifold to the hydraulic pump using the hydraulic down line.
Use the air-driven pump to pressurise the hydraulic system to the required jack
pressure. This simultaneously tensions all of the bolts in a single smooth operation.
Retain the bolt extension by tightening down the (slack) nuts using a tommy-bar
Repeat the tensioning operation (total of 3 cycles) to overcome any losses due to
embedment, imperfections, grit on component faces, etc.
Refer to the detailed work scope for details of hydraulic pressure tensioning
sequence and bolt tensions. Refer to the manufacturer's operator manual for details
of back pressure areas etc used to determine the required hydraulic pressure
On completion of tensioning recover the tools and manifold (or for 50% tensioning
sequence transfer them to the adjacent bolts).
Safety Considerations Hydraulic bolt tensioners operate at extremely high pressures and apply floange
closing forces which can cause sudden failure of defective components. Operators
should exercise caution and take all possible precautions against bursting hydraulics
and sudden flange failures.
SUBJECT DETAIL
Safety Considerations Divers should ensure that the water-blaster is safely rigged since cleaning a vertical
strip down a riser involves considerable movement. Water-blasters are potentially
lethal.
NEVER TIE-OFF THE TRIGGER.
Impressed Current Cathodic protection voltages and amperages on are normally too
low to pose a safety risk to divers.
The tasks grouped within this section are not inspection tasks, but tasks required in
support of inspection work. Some tasks, such as cleaning work, are required to prepare a
job site for inspection, whereas others, such as CP probe calibration, may be performed
on surface before or after a dive.
These tasks will most readily be performed by diver, or Inspection Controller if topside,
however, some may be performed by customised or work class ROV with specialist
tooling. The choice of intervention, diver or customised ROV, may be left to GIAP after
consultation with the Client, provided the objectives and data recording accuracy of the
individual Spec. Sheets can be complied with.
The tasks included are:
Code
SUBJECT DETAIL
Objectives 1.0 To remove marine growth, corrosion products, defective coatings and any other
coverings from a surface, such that inspection or NDT can be performed
successfully.
Preparation Required Possibly prior Water-jet cleaning or hand-cleaning to remove thick marine growth.
Equipment Required a. Air-entrained grit supply of adequate pressure and volume for the working depth
b. 20,000 psi H. P. water-jet with slurry entrainment.
Task Procedure Remove all traces of marine growth and coating from the area to be inspected. Weld
inspections are normally be deemed invalid if marine growth is apparent in
photographs .
SUBJECT DETAIL
Objectives 1.0 To ensure that any cathodic potential (CP) measurement probe or system is
functional & accurate throughout its period of use for BSP.
Task Procedure See "Supporting Procedures" (above) for reference to detailed procedure
SUBJECT DETAIL
Objectives 1.0 To ensure that any digital readout, ultrasonic wall thickness (WT) measurement
probe or system is functional & accurate throughout its period of use for BSP.
Performed By Diver
Task Procedure
The tasks grouped in this section relate to the pictorial illustration of findings from other
inspection tasks. They should not be considered as inspection tasks in their own right,
and will not be the primary means of logging data. The content and quality of images
must always be designed to satisfy the objectives of an inspection task, and not
necessarily to maximise resolution or color fidelity.
Commonly, image capture & video recording tasks are be required to illustrate
anomalous fmdings. Video (media) numbering & cataloguing requirements are given in
the relevant Spec. Sheets.
The Drawing & Sketching task specification applies both to presentation of inspection
fmdings and to prior preparation of drawings as part of any reporting system.
The tasks included are:
SUBJECT DETAIL
Objectives 1.0 To provide accurate, well defined and unambiguous close up photography of any
item.
Performed By Diver
NOTE : These photographic procedures are based on the "industry Standard" Scoones
housing.
Relevant Standards Only photographs which are properly composed, exposed and focused will
normally be acceptable. All photographs must have the correct idents.
Task Procedure Close-up photographs are typically taken of the following subjects.
a) Weld inspection (full mosaics required)
b) Abrasion/wire scars (partial mosaics if large area)
c) Corrosion (mosaics)
d) Anomalies (full mosaic depending on damage)
e) MPI indications
Close-up photographs are taken using distance probes (prods) to keep the subject in
the plane of focus. A flash is required to provide sufficient light to maximise depth
of field. A reference tape or set of reference idents must be included in every
photograph, showing its location relative to datum. An "ident shot" showing a
complete set of location idents should be taken first at each site. Mosaic
photographs should overlap by 25% to 50% to ensure that no subject matter is
missed.
ALL PHOTOGRAPHS MUST HAVE THE CORRECT PHOTOGRAPHIC IDENTS
SUBJECT DETAIL
SUBJECT DETAIL
Objectives 1.0 To provide accurate, well defined and unambiguous close up photography of any
item.
Performed By Diver
Equipment Required Scoones MD 600 underwater housing, Olympus OM1 camera and 21 mm lens,
Olympus Auto Winder II, Subatec underwater flash.
NOTE : These photographic procedures are based on the "industry Standard" Scoones
housing.
Task Procedure 1) The camera should be set to 1/60 sec shutter-speed for flash synchronisation.
2) The camera should be set to the minimum possible aperture (refer to (5)
below) to maximise depth of field.
3) The camera should be set to the required stand-off distance (1 meter is the
most commonly used setting).
4) The Auto Winder II should be set to single-frame only.
5) Exposure is adjusted by changing the flash power settings. The correct
exposure is calculated as follows:-
f-stop = Guide Number divided by the flash to subject distance.
Note: The Subatec S100 flash has a (full power) guide number of 16 meters for 100
ASA film. (= 11 meters for 50 asa, = 32 meters for 400 asa)
6) Use of an opaque diffuser over the strobe is required to spread the illumination
evenly over the full picture area of the 21mm lens. Please note that accurate
strobe positioning is the key to successful underwater flash photography. If the
strobe position is adjustable check it before every shot. Try to keep about a 45"
angle between the lens axis and the strobe axis to minimise back-scatter.
7) Note that all inspection photographs must have the correct ident including a
scale.
Note : The photograph should be composed such that the component (clamp, weld,
etc.) is the primary subject, not the ident board.
SUBJECT DETAIL
SUBJECT DETAIL
Objectives 1.0 To provide accurate, well defined and unambiguous photography of MPI
inspection results
Performed By Diver
Preparation Required Water-jet cleaning , Grit-blast cleaning , Close Visual Inspection , Magnetic Particle
Inspection and possibly Eddy Current Flaw Detection and remedial grinding .
Task Procedure On completion of conventional MPI and/or remedial grinding , mark the extent of
the indication to be photographed. Switch off the coils and clean the indication
using a wire-brush to remove the Magnaglo 14A ink. Re-magnetise and if necessary
increase the flux density by increasing the current or by substitution of a pair of 20
kg pull permanent magnets instead of the coils.
Apply "Dayglo" ink until the indication is clearly visible. Wipe off any excess ink
from the surrounding area. When satisfied that the indication is highly visible, carry
out MPI photography using one of the four methods below.
Method A Fluorescent Flash MPIP
Attach Woods filters securely over the front of each of two Subatec S-100 strobes
flash such that no white light escapes around the edges. Mount the flashes so that
they are pointing at 45 degrees to the indication and are 200 mm (8") from the
centre of the line joining the prod tips. Use 400 ASA film; 1/60 sec; f5.6 on full
power with two SUBATEC 5-100 strobes.
On completion of conventional MPI and/or remedial grinding , mark the extent of
the indication to be photographed. Switch off the coils and clean the indication
using a wire-brush to remove the Magnaglo 14A ink. Re-magnetise and if necessary
increase the flux density by increasing the current or by substitution of a pair of 20
kg pull permanent magnets instead of the coils.
SUBJECT DETAIL
Task Procedure Apply "Dayglo" ink until the indication is clearly visible. Wipe off any excess ink
from the surrounding area. When satisfied that the indication is highly visible, carry
out MPI photography using one of the four methods below.
Method B Long-Exposure Fluorescent-MPIP
If weld orientation, photographic conditions and time permits, the camera may be
securely attached to the weld using some sort of damping device, the aperture closed
down to F16 and a long exposure usually around one minute) taken. Take additional
exposures of 30 seconds and 2 minutes to bracket the exposure. During such long
exposures the weld should be illuminated solely by the MPI light with no strobes
used. This procedure is totally dependant on secure clamping of the camera.
Method C Crossed Polarising Filters
Place one (1) 49 mm diameter linear polarising fitter over the camera lens with the
alignment mark at the top. Place a second, 77 mm diameter polarising filter on the
flash and secure it in position so that the alignment mark is at 90 degrees to the filter
on the camera lens. Try to allow some adjustment of orientation for the diver since
the relative orientation has to be plus or minus about 5 degrees.
Use 400 ASA film; 1600 sec; f16 on full power with a SUBATEC S-100 strobe.
Method D Normal Close-Up Photography
Set up the camera for normal close-up phography and photograph the indication
using "Dayglo" ink.
Use 100 asa film 1/60 sec, f18, 1/4 power with SU BATEC S-100 strobe.
This method is quite reliable, but can only produce results for strong indjcations it
should be used first since close-up cameras should be immediately available on site.
Method A provides greatest contrast but is unreliable.
Method B produces excellent results if a suitable clamping device is available, but is
difficult to set-up. If the camera is not fixed securely the results are hopelessly blurred.
Method C provides good depth of field and clear weld details but is notoriously
unreliable.
Method D is most reliable but is only effective on strong indications.
Whichever method is used, it is essential to process the film immediately as "re-
shoots" are frequently required
SUBJECT DETAIL
Objectives 1.0 To provide accurate, well defined and unambiguous photography of weld grinding
results
Performed By Diver
Preparation Required Water-jet cleaning or grit blast cleaning , Close Visual Inspection , Magnetic Particle
inspection and MPI grinding.
Equipment Required Close-up camera , Profile gauge (needle-gauge), Profile gauge ident c/w 5mm grid.
Task Procedure The profile gauge is set up at 90 degrees to the weld axis over the area to be ground
and the profile needles depressed to the bottom of the defect. The profile gauge
must extend at least 20mm onto the adjacent chord/brace walls in order to define
the weld geometry. The gauge is then carefully placed into a profile frame and
photographed using the close-up camera. The profile frame contains a set of indents
and a background scale (5mm squares grid) to aid in taking measurements from the
profile photograph. The close-up camera should be loaded with 100 ASA film, set
at closest focus, f:6 and 1160 sec.
Profile gauge spacing should be at intervals of 1/10 of the crack length, (subject to a
minimum spacing of 20mm and a maximum spacing of 50mm).
The locations of each profile should be marked using a centre-punch in case the
profile needs to be repeated leg. for MPI Grinding). Ensure the gauge is placed on
the weld at the correct node/member orientation.
SUBJECT DETAIL
Objectives 1.0 To provide accurate, well defined and unambiguous stereo photogrammetry
Performed By Diver
-Equipment Required Photogrammetry is a specialist task which is only utilised where detailed
measurements are required. The preferred equipment for the task is therefore a twin-
medium-format camera system such as UMEL or CAMEL C17070 (or equivalent)
cameras, fitted with Reseau Plates etched with Fiducial Marks. The cameras must be
calibrated before use on an accurately-constructed Test Target as approved by the
Camera manufacturer. Photogrammetric accuracy is improved by the use of
accurately-machined scale-bars attached to the surface of the subject.
Task Procedure The photographs required for Stereo Photogrammetry are taken as easily as normal
underwater photographs. The same guidelines apply for determining exposure and
no special training is required to operate the cameras. However, a specific
procedure will be issued for each photogrammetric survey, in order to define the
exact photographic requirements, overlaps and scare-bar positions. This procedure
will be generated by the photogrammetric survey company which will carry out the
stereo analysis.
Stereo fields of view normally range from 350 x 500mm to 1400 x 1700mm and
accuracy of measurement range from 1:1000 to 1:5000 (dependant on the type of
subject and prevailing water conditions).
Stereo Photogrammetry includes analysis of the photographic images using an
Analytical Stereoplotter, Analogue Stereoplotter or Stereocomparator.
Measurement results are produced faster and with enhanced operator control using
an Analytical Stereoplotter. If required, the data file can be utjlised by an interactive
graphics computer and interpolated contours and isometrics produced.
Oxy-Arc Cutting
SUBJECT DETAIL
Relevant Standards Refer to the Global General Safety Manual details of oxy-are cutting standards and
procedures.
If the job is more complex than chopping off damaged bolts, removing ribs or
making debris ready for recovery, a written PROCEDURE should be agreed by the
Client before undertaking the work.
Task Procedure Cut the steelwork to the specifications in the work scope Use a burning-guide
whenever possible to ensure a neat cut. Refer to the manufacturers specifications for
oxygen pressure and welding current.
Safety Considerations Cut adequate vent-holes to prevent gas build-up in voids Check correct grounding
of the welding generator. Avoid stray arcs from poorly-insulated burning
umbilicals. Ensure correct positioning of the earth clamp to avoid the risk of the
diver receiving unacceptable current flow by "shorting" from the gun (-)ve to earth
(+)ve. Ensure adequate rigging is deployed to prevent falling steelwork on
completion of the cut
Debris Clearance
SUBJECT DETAIL
Task Procedure All significant debris should be recovered to the surface whenever practicable.
Soft non-hazardous debris can be left in place unless it poses a hazard All large
metallic debris, or other debris items which could interfere with safe diver or ROV
operations, should be recovered to the DSV where practicable. If debris recovery
is not practicable then the debris should be removed outside the jacket to a
minimum distance of 1 m from members or pipelines. Ensure that all ropes
(especially wire ropes) which cannot be removed from pipelines are cut so as not
to interfere with pipeline lifting: should the requirement arise
Report all damage caused by debris in contact with structures or pipelines
Safety Considerations Divers should be aware of the dangers of recovering debris items, including
falling debris and snagging of hoses during crane operations. Use a properly
constructed debris basket wherever possible to minimise the risk of falling debris
SUBJECT DETAIL
Preparation Required Completely fill the sampling pressure Vessel with fresh potable water. Close the
pressure-vessel's 1/4-turn valve and fit the upended funnel to the ROV. Open the
funnel vent 1/4-turn (or invert the funnel) to permit the volume of the funnel to be
vented until gas sampling commences.
Equipment Required Gas sampling pressure-vessel and gas sampling funnel, Inspection class ROV with
manipulator arm.
Task Procedure Position the ROV close to the source of leakage (close the funnel vent valve if
fitted) open the pressure vessel 1/4-turn value and fill the sampling bottle with gas.
Record the start time of the gas sampling operation. Filling time, volume and depth
should be noted so that a flow rate can be calculated as follows :-
Ambient Pressure Volume of Sample-Bottle
Rate of Leakage = (Bars Absolute) x (Litres)
(litres/Minute) Time taken to fill the Sample-Bottle
(minutes)
Safety Considerations This inspection is usually carried out by ROV as diving close to a gas leak is
potentially hazardous.
SUBJECT DETAIL
Equipment Required Ramstud S1004 STUD FRICTION WELDER and auxilliary equipment.
The minimum size of air hose is 1" I/D with a safe working pressure of 200 psig.
Couplings fitted to this hose must be full-bore, and of recommended pattern.
Regulators should be a minimum of 1 1/2" of approved manufacture.
Task Procedure Air supply / pressure from compressor, is regulated to machine pressure and volume
and fed to the machine through the lubricator. During machine operations, care must
be taken to ensure that the oil fog lubricator does not run dry.
Motor Ready To Start
The stud welder is connected the compressed air supply with the main valve
operating handle in the "OFF" position. Air will not pass to the motor.
As the 5 Port switch is in the "OFF" position air will pass through the regulator to
the back of the piston, maintaining the piston in the "reverse ram" position.
Air will be vented from the other side of the piston via the 5 Port switch, thus
ensuring that the system is maintained in equilibrium.
Depression of the main valve operating handle to the "ON" position, allows
compressed air to pass via the cut off valve, to the motor rotor, causing the motor to
commence running up to speed.
As the 5 Port switch is still in the "OFF" position, the piston will be maintained in
the reverse ram position by full ram air pressure.
Motor Running - Ram Operating (Weld Phase)
With the main Valve operating handle depressed, motor running at full operating
speed: the 5 Port switch is moved to the "ON" position.
Immediately full ram air pressure will pass to the top side of the piston through the 5
Port switch, and air on the reverse side of the piston vents to atmosphere.
This causes the piston carrying the chuck and work piece (stud) to be driven
forwards to touch down the main work area. Friction heating commences.
After a predetermined stud burn-off, the air supply is cut off from the motor rotor by
movement of the piston operating the cut off valve.
SUBJECT DETAIL
Task Procedure Ram Fully Forward, Motor Cut Off (Weld Completion)
With the full ram air pressure maintained, speed of the motor under the flywheel
energy and inertial farce rapidly slow to zero, and the forge phase commences.
Operating Handle Release - Pressure Still on Ram (Forge Phase)
The operating handle is released, removing air supply to the cutoff Valve which
will still be closed because of the ram position.
Full ram air pressure is still being maintained through the 5 Port switch to hold the
ram and work piece (stud) in the forward position during the forge phase.
The forge pressure must be maintained for a minimum of 5 seconds to complete the
welding !forging process.
Pressure Released, Ram Retracting (Cycle Complete)
Movement of the 5 Port switch from the "ON" (operating) position back to the
"OFF" : position will now switch the ram air pressure to the reverse ram side of the
piston, withdrawing the check from the stud, air from the forward side of the piston
being vented to atmosphere.
At the same time, movement of the piston will open the cut off valve in readiness
for the next motor operation when operating handle is pressed.
Weld Quality Surface Finish
The S1004 friction stud welding system is very tolerant to rust, paint and
irregularities of the surface finish. Care must be taken, however, to ensure that the
thickness of the surface contaminants is not such that it will increase the stand off
of the machine to such a point that the burn-off is reduced to a figure below that
acceptable for the materials in use.
When using magnetic clamping methods, there is a limit to the gap allowable
between the poles of the magnet and the effective surface of the substrate. Provided
this is not exceeded, the magnet will provide sufficient resistive force to produce a
satisfactory weld.
As with other surface contaminants, the R1004 is tolerant of oil or grease on the
surface of the substrate.
SPECIAL NOTE
When using ferrous materials, only non-free-cutting steels are suitable for friction
welding, i.e. sulphur content must be below 0.03%.
If continued problems are experienced when all machine / weld parameters are
correct, a check of sulphur content may be made quite simply by means of the
"acid-test".
A sample of the offending material must be polished to a fine finish using wet and
dry carborundum paper. This sample is then dipped in a 10% solution of sulphuric
acid, and the polished surface placed onto a piece of photographic paper for one
minute. A brown imprint on the paper indicates the revel of sulphur in the steel.
SUBJECT DETAIL
Task Procedure Anything more than a very pale imprint is unacceptable far friction welding.
Regulator and Lubricator Specification
a. Regulator required in Martonair p/n B15 F-3, with 1-1/2" ports.
b. These components were carefully selected for the lack of now loss under
operational conditions.
Lubrication
a. The S1004 machine operates at high speed, and particularly when used in harsh
environments, requires a constant flow of lubricant through the motor and
bearings.
b. Oils specified for use with the system are listed below. These oils have superior
lubrication and cleansing properties, avoiding gummy deposits, and are
compatible with all materials used in the construction of the R1004.
CAUTION - These lubricants are toxic. Avoid ingestion, inhalation and prolonged
contact with the skin.
c. Before and after use the machine must be blown through by pouring oil directly
into the air line, then running the machine. It is recommended that, particularly if
the machine is being used underwater, it is stored, immersed in lubricant.
d. Steps must be taken to ensure that the oil fog lubricator does not run dry during
operations.
e. In addition to the above, ensure that the regulator water-trap is drained at regular
intervals, or fit the optional automatic drain valve available through Martonair
Limited.
Safety Considerations The lubricants specified for use with the Ramstud S1004 are toxic. Avoid ingestion,
inhalation and prolonged contact with the skin.
7.0
7.1 Anomaly Codes
To allow retrospective analysis of anomalous findings, each anomaly shall be allocated a two character
code according to its generic anomaly type. Each Anomaly Report arising from an inspection work scope
shall have at least one such code, and possibly several if the initial anomaly also has apparent causes and
effects. The codes are listed below.
Certain anomalies should prompt the inspector to make a more intensive inspection, e.g. abrasions on a
member may imply structural damage, or debris on or about the member. Other anomalous findings may
prompt for minor remedial work, e.g. missing clamp nuts should be replaced, or blocked inlets/outlets,
cleared.
The following two pages of this section tabulate the anomaly criteria and possible remedial actions to be
discussed with and to be authorised by the CSR. The more common remedial and repair actions are
discussed further in Section 6.
also
for
Code
Criteri
a
(requi
re
autho
risatio
n)
Anom
alies
.
AB Abrasion VI-OK 1. Dimensioned drawing (VI-DRG) DB, CD
- bare metal visible 2. Clean & CVI (CL-INS & CU-CVI)
Abrasi - obvious removal of marine growth 3. Measure wall thickness (WT-DIG)
on
OK
Dimen
sioned
drawin
g (VI-
DRG)
DB,C
D
AW Anode wastage anomaly VI-ANO 1. Clean & measure (CL-INS & ME-ANO) CP, DB, PD
- >50% wastage 2. Replace wasted anode (RW-LOG)
- untypical wastage for structure
BL Bolt anomaly VI-SUP 1. More detailed support insp. (CU-SUP) CN
- damaged or missing bolts/studs/nuts VI-OK 2. Replace bolts/nuts (ANOM or RW-LOG)
also
for
Code
Criteri
a
(requi
re
autho
risatio
n)
Anom
alies
.
- significant change from given data
- function or purpose of item affected
CD Coating damage CU-CTG 1. Clean & inspect (CL-INS & CU-CTG) AB
- bare metal visible VI-OK
- obvious deterioration of coating
CN Clearance or gap VI-SUP 1. Measure accurately (CU-SUP) PD, BL
- unintended clearance between items VI-OK 2. Dimensioned drawing (VI-DRG)
- non parallel flange gap 3. Remedy (ANOM or RW-LOG)
- lack of support (eg span support)
CP Low or high cathodic potential reading CP-CON 1. Clean site & retry CP (CL-INS & CP-CON) CR, AW, DB
- outside of range –850mV to –1100mV on steel 2. CP mapping (CP-CON)
- >50mV difference between ‘connected’ items 3. Clean & corrosion insp (CL-INS, CU-COR)
CR Corrosion CU-COR 1. CP-CON (required if pitting >25%) CP
- any visible pitting or flaking CU-CTG 2. Extend clean & insp (CL-INS & CU-COR)
CU-CVI 3. Measure wall thickness (WT-DIG)
4. Light grinding (ANOM & WT-DIG)
5. Moulding of surface (ANOM & CU-COR)
DB Significant debris VI-OK 1. Remove AB, PD, CP
- debris codes >5 (see Spec Sheet VI-OK)
also
for
Code
Criteri
a
(requi
re
autho
risatio
n)
Anom
alies
.
MG Marine growth anomaly VI-OK 1. Stepped growth checks (VI-MGI) AB
- soft cover >200mm thick over >25% of surface 2. Stepped growth measurements (ME-MGI)
- hard cover >50mm thick over >25% of surface
- hard cover >100mm thick anywhere
- untypical marine growth coverage
also
for
Code
Criteri
a
(requi
re
author
isatio
n)
Anom
alies
.
PD Physical damage VI-OK 1. Clean & CVI (CL-INS & CU-CVI) AB, LK, VS
- Damage to structure or attachments VI-SUP 2. Measurement/quantify (ME-ITM)
Abrasi - Crack (if not weld, ie. If not a WD) 3. Dimensioned drawing (VI-DRG)
on 4. Crack detect (CL-INS & CU-CDR)
OK 5. Repair (RW-LOG)
Dimen
sioned
drawin
g (VI-
DRG)
RM Relative movement VI-SUP 1. Clear marine growth (CL-MGR) CN, BL, JS, PD
- Signs of unintended movement between parts 2. Measure (CU-SUP, CU-CVI or ME-ITM)
VI-OK 3. Dimensioned drawing (VI-DRG)
4. Remedy (RW-LOG)
RP Repair performed CU-SUP 1. Log details (RW-LOG) XX
- non work scope repair work performed 2. Re-inspect (CU-CVI)
- unexpected repair work performed
Notes :
1. The CSR shall be informed of all anomalies as & when they are found. Video coverage (VD-
REC) and photography or image capture (PH-OTO) should be considered as possible
immediate actions. All other actions or remedies require authorisation from the CSR.
2. “Initiating Tasks” are the tasks most likely to be in progress when a particular anomaly is
discovered. If an anomaly is discovered at some other time, e.g. While travelling to or from a
dive site, or during some other inspection, then adding an “initiating task” to the work scope
may be considered, if it will give extra information relating to the anomaly or its general
location.
The following subsections give guidance on typical remedial works that may be required. The
UNDERWATER REMEDIAL TASK SPECIFICATION SHEET (Spec. Sheet 7.3) attached to this
section covers the minimum controls & data-recording requirements for all such remedial works.
For significant repair operations, e.g. pipeline repairs or member replacement, then prequalification
tests and job specific procedures will normally be required. Such operations are outside the scope
of this document.
a) Broken anode-to-bracket connections and broken, loose or missing anode cables (on mud
line shear frames), may be repaired by wet welding to non-structural, non-critical steelwork,
provided that the welding complies with subsection 7.3.8, below.
b) Wasted anodes (exceeding Client allowances) may also be removed by cutting the
supporting core rods at their bracket connection, provided the cutting procedure and
equipment have had prior approval from the Client, and there is minimal risk of damage to
structural components or other attachments.
a) Missing bolts, studs & nuts may be replaced provided the replacements are of the same
specification as the remaining fastenings. Nuts must be tightened by approved tools and
procedures, which allow control of torque or bolt tension.
b) Clamp liners may be installed where these are missing, e.g. between clamps and risers,
provided that the compliance & thickness of the new liner does not prevent a uniform
contact between the clamp shells and the enclosed riser or component, provided that the liner
provides total electrical insulation between the clamp and the enclosed component, and
provided that replacement studs/bolts/nuts are installed per item a) above.
c) Inappropriate liners, e.g. between clamp parts which should be in the same electrical path for
cathodic protection, can be removed, provided that the clamp shells and enclosed component
are cleaned to bare metal, provided that the bare clamp shells will uniformly support the
enclosed riser or component without the clamp flanges first coming into contact, and
provided that replacement studs/bolts/nuts are installed per item a) above.
d) Where the 'clamp' is in fact a guide, with allowance for some relative movement, then such
movement allowance or clearance must be maintained.
Where coating damage, which reveals bare metal, is apparent in the splash zone, and where the
component is not always submerged, and therefore protected by cathodic protection systems, the
damage can be repaired, provided that the damaged area can be totally cleaned to bare metal and
prevailing conditions allow application of an approved splash zone coating. The cleaning standard
shall be in accordance with the particular coating's application instructions.
Where a leak is not in production or pressurised pipe work, and where safe to do so, then an
attempt may be made to plug or patch the leak via mechanical means, provided that the procedure
and materials are approved by the Client. Leaks that may be remedied in this way are generally
restricted to small & localised holes or punctures in tubulars, legs sections, conductors and utility
caissons where pressure differentials are unlikely to exceed 5psi against the plugging direction.
Possible plugging/patch techniques are mechanically expanded bungs, magnetic patches, 'putty-
like' substances or saddle/bandage devices.
Where the leak is in pressurised pipe work, or otherwise deemed significant, then job-specific
procedures, which are acceptable to & scheduled by the Client need to be developed, prior to repair
work.
Where riser bottom bend knee-braces have been left in place after riser-to-pipeline tie-ins, these
may be removed by unbolting the clamps or by cutting the braces clear of welded clamps.
a) In the case of bolted clamps, the procedure should be approved by the Client, and the removed
components shall be recovered to surface. Additionally, the opportunity shall be taken to
perform a coating inspection, per Spec. Sheet CU-CTG at the site of both removed clamps.
b) In the case of welded attachment of the brace, the cutting procedure and tools must be
approved by the Client, the cuts shall be at least 5Omm from the welded attachments to riser,
and there shall be minimal risk of damage to the riser. Additionally, photographs or other
captured images shall be obtained to fully illustrate the size and condition of the cut-off stubs
remaining.
Where span lengths approach the acceptable limits, or where the existing span supports are
considered inadequate (unsupported pipeline crossing, transient support, stress raising, etc.), then
additional pipeline supports can be installed, provided that the support mechanism & installation
procedures have been approved.
The location for a new support must be approved by the CSR and shall be selected to provide best
support for the longest period of time, e.g. not necessarily under a riser bend where structure
subsidence may conflict with support and where span length increases can be at the opposite end
only. If previous span reports are available for the intended span rectification sites, then the
Document No: SI-P-MA-00011 Revision: A
Date: 25 August 1998 q:\qa\qa\ma\dma00011.doc Page: 107 of 117
Project No: Prepared: D. Brighouse
Approved: C. Broussard
Global Industries A/P Pte Ltd NDT Inspection Manual
historical movement of the pipeline relative to level seabed away from the line should be checked,
such that line self-burial conditions are not hampered by inappropriate support installation.
Consideration should also be given to the adequacy of the supporting mechanism. Small contact-
surface supports in soft or transient seabed conditions are not advisable. Also, as one of the failure
mechanisms for unsupported pipe is fatigue caused by line vibration, supports should be designed
to partially cradle the line to prevent oscillation In both horizontal and vertical planes.
The location of new supports shall be recorded unambiguously, but additionally shall include span
longitudinal & cross profile sketches to illustrate the support position relative to fixed datum's, and
to illustrate adequacy of support.
Under normal circumstances, wet welding will not be performed on any structural member, riser or
pipeline.
Wet welding repairs may be carried out, however, on non structural, non-critical components, such
as anode attachment brackets, existing pad-eyes, and clamp parts, without specific written
approval, but only provided that the welding procedures have been approved by the Client.
8.1 Overview
It is necessary to generate the data-recording and reporting systems for all work scopes.
This section specifies the minimum requirements and templates for these systems.
Examples of data recording proformae and data content to illustrate this section are included in the
Attachments.
For any underwater maintenance reporting there are essentially six areas of data presentation to
consider.
a) Work site operational reporting, e.g. dive logs, ROV logs & timesheets;
c) Work site technical data-recording, e.g. data sheets, video logs & anomaly reports;
d) Media labelling & cataloguing, e.g. video cassette labels & work site video tape register;
It is necessary that the data-recording and reporting systems address all six areas.
The format and content of the first item, the spread logs, are not covered in this document, in that
Global have established formats for these, all of which should be acceptable to the Client. Also,
the 2nd item, the Daily Progress Report, is not covered, in that its format is specified elsewhere
The remaining four items are covered in subsections 8.3 to 8.7.
There are standard naming & numbering conventions applicable across all presentation
documentation, as follows.
The underwater sections of fixed platforms, such as legs, frames. Pipe work systems and other
'common-function' areas, often require to be categorised into "Substructures' for convenient
generation of work scopes and for summary of inspection results.
Those substructures which form the basic support framework are collectively termed the jacket
"Primary Structure'. The substructures which depend on the primary structure for support
(excluding risers) are collectively termed the 'Secondary Structure'. Unless more specific
terminology is given In a particular work scope, then the following substructure terminology has
been adopted.
BASIC SUBSTRUCTURE NOMENCLATURE
b) Component Identification
Where a unique identification or tag number is not provided by BSP, then individual
components will have to be identified, where possible, by specifying their Component Type,
as above, plus a unique identity.
The unique identity should be based on a generic Row/Line/Level ("RoLLe') grid
numbering system for the platform.
As an example, a Horizontal on Row B between Line 1, Level 2, and Line 2, Level 2, would
be designated "H-B1L2/B2L2', whereas a Vertical Diagonal between Row A, Line 2, Level
2 and Row B, Line 2, Level 3 would be designated "VD-A2L2/B2L3'. This numbering
system is illustrated further, below.
A riser or secondary substructure component can often be identified by its depth or Level range,
e.g. Riser #1 between Levels 2 & 3 = R1-L23.
In addition to identifying a component in this way, its position should always be illustrated on a
drawing accompanying the particular work scope or report. For components or sub-components
which cannot be simply coded, then more detailed illustration is required, possibly with
sequential numbering, e.g. for anodes along a member, or bolts around a flange.
Unless instructed otherwise, for any reports submitted, the "Report Number" shall be a
combination of both the platform identity ("Platform ID") and the work pack number, e.g.
Each report must also have a concise and unambiguous title. In the event that a report relates to
work away from any platform, and therefore, a platform identity cannot be included meaningfully
in the Report Number, then the title must specify the work location clearly.
Any data sheets, logs, Anomaly Reports, drawings, video tapes, films, or attachments to a Report
must also be identified by the Report number + a sequential number, per type of attachment, for
example.
Provided that the title of a report, or the title box of an attachment, already contains the Report
No (Platform + Work Pack), then the Platform name & Work Pack No. need not be repeated
within the lesser subsections/data tables of that document.
Note that the attachment type does not require a specific identifier such as 'V' for video, "F' for
film, etc., as the type of an attachment should normally be obvious by its appearance or title box,
and if not obvious, then it must always be labelled unambiguously.
This numbering system is reinforced in the individual Spec. Sheets relating to Drawing, Anomaly
Reporting, Media Numbering, etc.
For every inspection task performed, the data to be recorded is tightly specified in the relevant
task's Spec. Sheet (Chapters 4 & 6).
The collective term for all such data-capture pro formae or screens is 'Databox'. There is some
flexibility In how the various task databoxes are customised and combined with drawings for
convenient handling at the work site. As identified in the Spec. Sheets, each databox should have
some 'Header' information, which is common across most tasks, and a "Data Record" for
capturing the task specific details, perhaps repeatedly.
A simple listing of data records down a page, with a single common header, e.g. for listing
photographs in a film, is termed a 'Log". A combination of task databoxes or logs on one sheet
is termed a "Datasheet'.
The following are basic rules for, and guidelines on, the layout of logs, datasheets & drawings.
Examples (for a paperwork system) are given in Attachment A3.
8.3.1 Logs
When a task requires repeated data records, but the header information remains virtually the
same, then it is sometimes convenient to use a log format to record the data. e.g. for film & video
coverage details, or out-of-straightness measurements along a member's length. The basic
requirements are :
a) The log Header must include the following task databox information :-
Platform identifier (e.g. FAGP-4)
Work Pack No. (97/014)
Task or Log Title (e.g. Video Log, or Marine Growth Log)
Log sheet number (001, 002, etc.)
Page number (of n pages
b) Additionally, if the log is a list of references to video, photographic or other non hard
copy data, then the format or medium of that data must be stated, eg.
Format (video = PAL/NTSC, film = neg/slide, image = *ipg, etc.)
c) The Data Records section of the Log must have a simple column/row format.
d) Any (simple) reference drawing should be incorporated into the log sheet in
preference to attachment of a separate drawing page.
e) The log sheet can be viewed or copied in black & white at A4 size with all data
remaining legible.
8.3.2 Datasheets
Any number of task databoxes can be combined on a single datasheet, provided that the
following rules are adhered to:
DATASHEET REQUIREMENTS
Where databoxes & drawings can be incorporated on datasheets which comply with the
categories & areas of inspection in a final report (see 7.7 following), e.g. 'Defects,
Damage, Corrosion & Debris – Boat landings, or "Corrosion Protection", this can make the
report presentation more coherent.
8.3.3 Drawings
When a drawing is created independently of a Datasheet, Log or Anomaly Report, the drawing
needs to be formatted and have a title box, in accordance with Spec. Sheet 4.5.3 - Drawing or
Sketching (VI-DRG). When incorporated within a datasheet, log, etc., then the primary drawing
title box details are already covered.
A drawing may be generated prior to an inspection as part of a datasheet, ready for results to be
marked up, or it may be generated at the work site in response to findings.
Whenever an anomaly or anomalous data is encountered, the details & circumstances must be
reported separately, and in addition to, routine data in the form of an Anomaly Report. The
standard data requirements for all Anomaly Reports are specified on the ANOMALY
REPORTING TASK SPECIFICATION SHEET.
An example Anomaly Report proforma is given in Attachment A3. A completed example is given
in Attachment A4.
The details of the anomaly or anomalous data are normally presented as a textual description. but
should include tables, drawings, photographs or digitised images, as required to fully illustrate the
findings.
Commonly, video tapes & photographic films will be generated as a result of an inspection
programme. Occasionally, other data or materials will also be collected, e.g. marine growth
samples, data disks, etc. The term "media' is taken to cover all such data or material types, which
cannot be bound, photocopied and filed as part of a conventional hard copy report.
The term 'label" covers any description or identification attached to or marked on an item of
media, e.g. a film wallet cover-sheet, video cassette label, or computer disk label.
To ensure that all media are consistently labelled, clearly cross-referenced to conventional data,
and presented in a format acceptable to the Client, basic rules and guidelines have been established.
These are presented on the following sheet.
A media 'catalogue' is a list of media. Note the difference between a media catalogue, such as a
register of all films taken, and a specific media, such as a film log (per Spec. 4.5.2). If several
media items, e.g. video cassettes, are accumulated for a particular contract, then the relevant
catalogue section shall be included as an attachment to any final reports presented for that
contract.
To ensure that media are consistently catalogued and managed in their transmittal between work
site and onshore, basic rules and guidelines have been established. These are presented on the
following sheet.
A media catalogue shall be maintained for each type of media used, one for videocassettes, one
for film, etc.
The aim of a final report is to present all the significant findings of a work programme in a
concise and end-user-friendly format. The completed data-recording pro formae used to specify
and capture data become of secondary importance, for inclusion as report appendices.
To ensure that the final report aims are met for the BSP end-user, the following report 'Contents
List' shall be used as a template. The sections not applicable to a particular report should be
omitted. Guidelines on individual section contents are given on the following pages. Special, one-
off project reports may be customised to their specific subjects.
A) Excerpt
This should be a single A4 page which summarises the report's more significant information. The
main topics are...
B) Introduction
The "Scope of Report' shall be a simple reference to the original work scope document by name
or Work Pack Number, a summary of its main components, cg. 'General Visual Inspection &
Scour Survey, and details of any omissions or additions to that scope, e.g. reduction in scour
measurements, added weld inspection, new technique testing, etc.
The 'Operational Summary' shall state the contractor's name, vessel name. methods of
intervention, e.g. ROV & air-range diver, and dates of work. It shall also summarise the sequence
of operations, including significant interruptions.
c) Inspection Findings
The conventional- inspection findings shall be categorised by type and structural area into five
sections (2.1 to 2.5) and dependent subsections. On occasions, specialist Inspection or survey work
may require additional sections (2.6.... ).
For each subsection identified in the Contents List (2. 1. 1.... 2.5.1..), where feasible, data shall be
extracted from the original data-capture system and presented according to the following pattern.
A single sentence or paragraph may suffice for each topic. An illustration, e.g. photo, digitised
image or sketch, should be included directly in the text, in preference to making reference to
appendices.
A summary of any significant maintenance actions shall be included, divided into three subsections
The main work steps and the as-left status of items on which work has been performed shall be
noted, along with the reasons for any incomplete work. Such incomplete work shall be clearly
itemised as a list of outstanding maintenance tasks.
Minor and routine maintenance work, i.e. removal of small debris, bolt replacement & tightening
and clearance of inlets/outlets, shall have been summarised briefly in the relevant Inspection
Findings subsections, and therefore shall not warrant mention in this section.
E) Technique Appraisal
This section shall be used, when appropriate, to document any Contractor (or executor) comments
on maintenance & inspection techniques or procedures, including data-recording methods. In
particular, if the "Guidance Notes" section of a task Specification Sheet can be improved or tuned,
or a new Specification Sheet is recommended, then comments to this effect shall be included.
F) Appendices
Finalised drawings & sketches, logs & data sheets, and Anomaly Reports resulting from a project
shall be submitted as appendices to the report. They shall have been checked for accuracy &
correct cross-referencing. They should be typed or printed.
If data are captured via a computerised system, then the data shall be supplied to the Client on disk
or other media. The media shall be properly catalogued and labelled in accordance with Spec.
Sheets 7.5.1 & 7.6. 1, and the catalogue shall be inclu5ed in Appendix IV. Hard copy printout of
the data shall also be supplied per the requirements of Appendices I to Ill.