SULIT 1

Skema Trial Biology 2010

SCHEME PAPER 2 SECTION A: structured questions

Item No. Suggested Answers: Marks

1(a) (i) P : Rough endoplasmic reticulum 1

Q : Golgi body 1
(2marks)

(ii) - Ribosome at P synthesizes protein 1

- Protein that is synthesized is transported by P to Q 1
- Q modifies the protein to enzymes/Q packages the enzyme/protein 1

(3 marks)

Shape and
Cell wall
structure:
(b) (i)
vacuole nucleus 1

cytoplasm 3-4 labels

correct:

(2 marks)

(ii) The onion epidermal cell has cell wall while cheek cell do not have cell 1
wall
(1 mark)

(c) - The cell does not divide/differentiate 1

- because there are no genes (that control 1
mitosis/differentiation)
(2 marks)

(d) - S (mitocondria) : it generates energy 1

- Meristematic cells require more energy to undergo mitosis/cell
Division 1

(2 marks)

TOTAL: 12

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Skema Trial Biology 2010

2 (a)(i) P : To produce gamete cell 1

Q : Repair damage tissue / for growth 1

(2 marks)

(ii) P: In reproductive organ// ovary// testis 1

Q: in all somatic cells 1

(2 marks)

(b)(i) X: metaphase 1 1

Y: anaphase Both answers correct: (1 mark)

(ii) X : metaphase 1 Y : anaphase

Correct
diagram
award

1 mark

(2 marks)

(c) 1. crossing over occur in P but not in Q 1

2. Process P produces 4 daughter cells whereas process Q produces 2 1

daughter cells.

3. Daughter cells produced in P have variation whereas daughter cells

produced in Q are identical to parent cell. 1
Any two
(2 marks)

(d)(i) Process Q 1

(1 mark)

(ii) F : The cancer cells occur due to severe disruption of mechanism that
controls the cell cycle. 1
E : The cells divide without control and regulation to form cancerous cells// 1
uncontrolled division of cells forms cancerous cells.
F & E = 2,

F=1,

E=0

TOTAL: 12

3.(a) Paddy plant 1 (1 mark)

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Skema Trial Biology 2010

3(b) Sunlight 1 (1 mark)

3(c) (i) respiration 1

(ii) excretion 1

(iii) defaecation 1 any two

(2 marks)

3(d) 10 000 Kj 10% 1000 Kj 10% 100Kj

Producer Primary consumer Secondary consumer 1

10 / 100 X 10 000 kJ = 1000 kJ 1

10 / 100 X 1000 kJ = 100 kJ (2 marks)

3(e)(i) Correct
Shape– 1m
Snake
Label:

Bird / frog 2-4 correct –

1m
Grasshopper / caterpillar / bird 1 correct – 0m

(2 marks)
Paddy plant

(e)(ii) 1. Dari tapak ke atas bilangan organism semakin bertambah 1

2. Saiz organism dari tapak ke atas semakin bertambah 1

(2 marks)

(f) Bacteria and fungi. 2

They break down waste products and dead bodies of other organisms 1

into simpler substances to be used again by plants. 1

(2 marks)

Total : 13

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Skema Trial Biology 2010

4 (a) R : centrum 1 (1 mark)

(b) P : muscle attachment 1

Q : the placing of spinal cord 1 (2 marks)

(c) Lumbar vertebra 1 (1 mark)

(d)(i) calcium/ phosphorus 1 (1 mark)

(ii) osteoporosis // Porous / brittle bone 1 (1 mark)

(iii) taking a diet rich in calcium/phosphorus and vitamin D // drink milk, regular 1
exercise (any one) (1 mark)

(e) (i) P: air sac 1 (1 mark)

(ii) P: to reduce the density of aquatic plant // to keep aquatic plant light 1 (1 mark)

(iii) -able to float 1

-get enough sun light 1
-carry out photosynthesis 1 (any two)

(2 marks)

TOTAL: 11

5(a) DNA 1 (1 mark)

5(b) Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus 1 (1 mark)

5(c ) - Carry genetic information 1

- Direct protein synthesis 1 (2 marks)

5(d)(i) Nucleotide 1 (1 mark)

(ii) X : Phosphate group 1

Y : Pentose sugar / Sugar 1

Z : Nitrogenous base 1 (3 marks)

(iii) Z 1 (1 mark)

5(e) RNA 1 (1 mark)

5(f) P : Adenine / Q:Thymine // P : Cytosine / Q: Guanine // 1

P: Thymine / Q: Adenine // P : Guanine / Q: Cytosine (any two correct
pairs) 1 (2 marks)

TOTAL: 12

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Skema Trial Biology 2010

Section B: ESSAY

Item No. Suggested Answers: Marks

6 (a)(i) A balanced diet is the foods that contain correct proportion of nutrients 1
which include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, water and
dietary fibre / roughage//
A balanced diet is one which contains the correct proportions of all the
different food requirement of the body.
1
We need a balanced diet to supply enough energy for each day’s activities
(2 marks)

(ii) A lady athlete:

F1: An athlete is a very active person and has high rate of metabolism
to produce energy. 1
E1: The diet should include more carbohydrates to supply enough energy
to carry out the vigorous activity in sports.// She needs to contract and 1
relax her muscles frequently for her vigorous activities. //Energy is
needed to contract the muscles.
E2: The diet should include more protein to build new tissues to replace 1
tissues that are dead or damaged.
E3: She also needs calcium, sodium and potassium to strengthen the 1
bones and to prevent muscular cramp.

A pregnant lady:
F2: A pregnant lady has a high rate of metabolism to provide energy
for herself and the baby. 1
E4: The pregnant lady also needs more iron and calcium to build red blood
cells to avoid anemia. 1
E5: She needs a high quantity of calcium and phosphate to form strong
teeth and bones for the baby. 1

An old lady:
F3: An old lady has low rate of metabolism as she does not need
energy to grow. (age) 1
E6: An old lady needs less carbohydrates and fats because she is less 1

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Skema Trial Biology 2010

active and thus do not need much energy.

E7: she needs more proteins, vitamins and minerals to replace dead 1
tissues and maintain her daily activities
E8:She needs calcium and phosphorus to prevent osteoporosis 1
E9: She should avoid food that contains a lot of fats, sugar and salt
because excess fat can lead to heart diseases, excess sugar can
cause diabetes mellitus and excess salt can cause high blood
pressure. 1
F1, F2 and F3 and any five E: (8 marks)
(a) (i) F1: Digestion //
Intestinal glands of the wall of ileum secrete a few enzymes to
1
complete the digestion process.
Digestion process is completed in ileum to produce simple sugars (glucose, 1
fructose and galactose), amino acids, fatty acids and glycerol.
Example: (any correct enzymes/ intestinal juices and substrate reaction)
1. Enzyme erepsin(peptidase) --- peptide to amino acids. 1
2. Enzyme sucrose -----sucrose to glucose and fructose
1

F2: Absorption // 1
The wall of ileum has many projections called villus to absorb the
1
products of digestion.
Blood capillaries in the villus absorb simple sugars, amino acids, minerals, 1
vitamins B and C…
Lacteal of the villus absorb fatty acids, glycerol, fat soluble vitamins
(A,D,E,K) (5 marks)
Must have F1 and F2 and other 3

(ii) F1: X is villus - has very thin epithelium that is only one cell thick. 1
E1: The thin epithelium facilitate the diffusion of digested food//
1
enable digested food to move across easily.
1
F2: X is greatly folded structure
E2: Provides a large surface area for efficient absorption of digested food. 1
F3: It has a mass network of blood capillaries 1
E3: to transport the digested food such as glucose, amino acids, minerals
1
and vitamins B and C that has been absorbed.

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F4: Each villus has a lacteal 1

E4: to transport lipid soluble nutrient// 1
fatty acids, glycerol and lipids soluble vitamins.
F1, F2, F3 and any 2 suitable E
(5 marks)

7(a) - solar radiation warms the earth’s surface 1

- heat energy is reradiated back into the atmosphere 1

- some heat energy escapes into space 1

- heat energy is reradiated back to the earth 1

1
- by greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane
(5 marks)

(b) - in slash-and-burn agriculture, the burning trees increases the

concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
1
- trees photosynthesis using carbon dioxide thus deforestation leads to less
carbon dioxide being removed from atmosphere

- less carbon dioxide is able to be locked up in trees. 1

- As trees die and tree stumps left to rot, microbial activity during 1
decomposition also releases carbon dioxide

- carbon dioxide is greenhouse gas. It absorbs energy radiated by earth, 1

some of these energy reradiated back thus increasing the surface
temperature

(5 marks)

(c) - the greenhouse effect is further worsened by the combustion of

fossil fuel in motor vehicles in power stations to generate electricity
1
and in industries
- these activities produce large quantities of carbon dioxide into the 1
atmosphere
- the setting up of large cattle ranches to cater for the growing human
population leads to massive emissions of methane gas from the 1
belching of these animals and the decomposition of their wastes.
- As the world population strives for higher standards of living, there

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Skema Trial Biology 2010

is an increased use of CFCs in products like air-conditioning and 1

during the production of packaging materials
- The rapid decomposition of humus, combustion of fossil fuels use of
nitrogen or nitrate fertilizer contributes to the production of nitrogen 1
oxides which is another greenhouse gas
- The increase in the concentration of these greenhouse gases would
then lead to increasing surface temperatures on earth as they trap 1
and reflect heat back to the earth
1
- This may lead to an increase in photosynthesis which is about the
only positive effect of an enhanced greenhouse effect 1
- More alarmingly however the greenhouse effect may change the
1
local and global climate causing a shift in vegetation and vectors
- This may also lead to extinction of certain species of organisms 1
which are unable to adapt to the changing environment
- Glaciers may start to melt thus increasing the sea levels. This leads 1

to flooding in low lying areas around the globe (10 marks)

8(a) Similarities

- height of man / length of instar increases by time *2 marks for

- both show horizontal line / constant growth during adult similarities,

Difference
8 marks for
- Form of graph – Sigmoid form for human and like series of steps in insect differences
- Age of organism – the height measured yearly, but in insect used day for
measuring the length
- Caused of different – human have endoskeleton but insect have
exoskeleton
- Stages involve – in human, the curve has three different phases, but there
are five steps in insect // nymphal stages
- Vertical and horizontal line : curve for human did not shows different line
(only the curve from continuous points), but there are five different
horizontal and vertical lines each
- Zero growth – no point to show zero growth in human, but there are 5
time of zero growth (at horizontal line)
- Sudden growth : no sudden growth for human, but there are sudden
growth in insect (at vertical line)
- Ecdysis : no ecdysis in human but ecdysis occurred in insect
- Mitosis : the cells in human undergo mitosis all the time, but in insect,

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Skema Trial Biology 2010

mitosis only occurred at certain time (during ecdysis) Max – 10

- Absorption of air : in human, there are no absorption of air, but in insect, marks
during ecdysis
(b) F : In-vitro technique

P1 : means fertilization occurs outside of the body

P2 : the wife injected with hormone to fasten the development of the secondary
oocyte / ovum in ovary
Max – 10
P3 : secondary oocyte / ovum release out by using laparoscope (from ovary marks
before ovulation)

P4 : sperms from husband fertilize with the secondary oocyte in a Petri dish
(contains culture medium)

P5 : (after fertilization) zygote will divide by mitosis

P6 : (after 2 days) formed embryo until eight cells stage

P7 : embryo transferred to the endometrium of the uterus wall through cervix

(using pippet)

P8 : embryo implant at the endometrium of uterus wall and develop

P9 : baby that is delivered is called test tube baby

P10 : This technique is complicated / expensive and the probability to success is

low

9(a)(i) - Discontinuous variation 1

- Contrasting features 1

- No intermediate values 1

- Caused by genetic factors 1

- Can be inherited 1

Max : 4

(ii)

Body mass Thumbprints

- Continous variation - Discontinous variation 2

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Skema Trial Biology 2010

- Features change gradually - Contrasting features 2

- Intermediate values - No intermediate values 2

- Caused by genetic factor and - Caused by genetic factor
2
affected by environmental factors

- Cannot be inherited if characteristic - Can be inherited

affected by environmental factors
2
- Graph shows normal distribution - Graph shows discrete
distribution

Max : 10

(b) - Thin parents can have a fat son even though the son inherits 1

genes for thinness from his parents

- Body size is affected by environmental factors 1

- Continuous variation 1

- Due to diet, the size of body changes 1

- The ability to roll the tongue is determined by genetic factors 1

- Alleles for the ability to roll the tongue can be inherited 1

- Genes for this characteristic is dominant 1

- Hence, the son can roll his tongue 1

Max : 6

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