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MARKING RULES
BIOLOGY FOCUSED MODULE 2019
SET B
PAPER 2
SectionA
[60score]

SECTION A

NUMBER MARKING SCHEME MARK

1(a)(i) Can name X and Y organelles

Answer:
W : Golgi body 1
X: mitochondria 1 2

(a) Can state two functions of organelle W

Sample answer:

P1: to process / modify carbohydrates / proteins / 1

phospholipids / and glycoproteins

P2: to package carbohydrates / proteins / phospholipids / 1

and glycoproteins

P3: to transport carbohydrates / proteins / phospholipids /

1
and glycoproteins
1
P4: to transport and store lipids
1
P5: to form lysosomes
1
P6: to produce digestive enzymes
1
P7: to secrete excretory products from cells
1
P8: to secrete carbohydrates to form plant cell walls.

Where-
where
2
two P's

2
 (b) Be able to correctly name one oeganel for each tissue
along with its function.

Sample answer :

Tissue Organelles Function of organelles

1,1
Meristem tissue mitochondria To generate energy
for cell division.
1,1
Mesophyll tissue chloroplast To trap
4
light energy for
photosynthesis process

(c) Can name X and Y and their respective functions.

Sample answer :

1. X is a contractile vacuole 1
2. It helps to get rid of excess water (which enters the 1
organism by osmosis)
3. Y is cilia
1
4. It helps (Paramecium sp) to move forward // helps the
1 4
organism to move

TOTAL 12

NUMBER MARKING SCHEME MARK

Can express the condition of red blood cells after being soaked
in
2(a)(i)
Solution K : Crenation / shrinkage 1
Solution L : Hemolysis / swelling and rupture 1 2

Can name the type of solution M in which red blood cells are
immersed
2(a)(ii)
Solution M is an isotonic solution 1 1

Can explain the answer given in (a)(ii)

P1: cells maintain normal shape 1

2(a)(iii) P2: water diffuses in and diffuses out of the cell on 1
the same rateosmosis
P3: solution M has the same concentration as (fluid 1 3
cytoplasm in) red blood cells

3
 Can explain why vinegar is suitable for use as a
natural preservative to preserve petai
F1: vinegar has a low pH / acidic E1: 1
vinegar seeps into the skin (tissue) E2: 1
2(b) skin (tissue) becomes acidic 1
E3: Low pH inhibits the growth of microorganisms 1
in the box
E4: petai can be preserved / last longer 1 3
F + any 2E
Can describe the condition of the plant in Figure 2.2 after
seven days

F: wilted plant 1
E1: cells become flaccid / plasmolysis // vacuole and cytoplasm 1
shrink // the plasma membrane of the root hair cell is pulled away from the
2(c) cell wall
E2: water molecules diffuse out of (cell sap) hair root 1
osmotically
E3:water the soil becomes hypertonic to the (cell sap) of the root hair 1
until the soil dries 3
F+ any 2E

TOTAL 12

NUMBER MARKING SCHEME MARK

3(a)(i) Meiosis 1 1
(ii) Q: Chiasma 1
Q: Twin chromatids 1 2
(iii) F1 – there is a crossover process 1
P1 – homologous chromosomes exchange genetic information. 1 2
(iv)

1 1

4
(v)

1 1

Any one diagram

(b) 45 // 44+XO // 44 + X 1 1
(ii) P1 – Turner syndrome 1 2
P2 – Absence of one X chromosome (i.e. X chromosome) 1
c (i) mitosis 1
(ii) P1 – new plants can be produced in large numbers 1
P2 – a new plant genetically identical to its parent

P3 – does not involve male and female gametes / pollination / 1

fertilization)
Where-
where
2
2
TOTAL 12

NUMBER MARKING SCHEME MARK

4a Can explain why allele IAand the I alleleBknown as

codominant alleles.
Sample answer :

Allele IAand the I alleleBboth dominant // can highlight

both traits carried
1 1

b Can explain how Natasha inherited blood type B from

her parents.

Sample answer :
P1: Father / Mr. Nabil's genotype is IAiBwhile the mother's
genotype is IOhiOh 1
P2: The father inherits the I alleleBwhile the mother 1
inherits the I alleleOhto Natasha. P3: Gamete of the
father carrying the I alleleBwill be fertilized with the 1
mother's gamete carrying the I alleleOh.
1
P4: The zygote formed has genotype IBiOh.
Where- 3

5
 where 3

(c) Can predict the possible phenotypes for Puan Nadia's

third child by completing the Punnet square.

Criteria:
C1- 4 correct male gametes and female gametes (1 mark)
C2 – 4 correct child genotypes (1 mark) 1
1 3
C3 – Correct phenotype ratio ( 1 mark )
Answer : 1

Male gametes
Male gametes
iB iOh
Female gametes
Female gametes

iOh iBiOh iOhiOh

iOh iBiOh iOhiOh

Phenotypic ratio:
1/ 50% Blood group B : 1/50% Blood group O

(d) Be able to suggest suitable blood donors among

family members in Figure 4.1 and explain the
suggested answers.
Sample answer :

F: The suitable donor is Puan Nadia / Mr. Nabil's

wife. 1

Description:

E1: Mr. Nabil's blood has no antibody A or 1

antibody B.
E2: Puan Nadia's blood does not have antigen A or antigen B. 1
E3: No blood clotting will occur. 1
F + 1E 2

(e) Can give 3 genetic differences between Naufal and

Natasha based on their karyotype.
Sample answer:

Naufal Natasha

6
 1. Having an illness Normal 1
down syndrome.

2. Male gender Female gender 1

3. Have 47 Has 46 chromosomes 1
chromosomes

4. There are 3 chromosomes / 1 The 21st chromosome is

1
extra chromosome on the 21st normal / a pair
chromosome

Where-
where 3
3

TOTAL 12

NUMBER MARKING SCHEME MARK

5a(i) Can name one biosis factor and one abiotic factor in
the ecosystem.
Sample answer:

Biotic factors

Green plants // Algae // Small fish // Big fish //

Zooplankton // Earthworm // bacteria // Fungi
1

Abiotic factors:

Light intensity//water pH//water temperature

1 2

(ii) Be able to explain the role of green plants in the

river ecosystem.
Sample answer :
F: Green plants as producers E1 : 1
Carry out photosynthesis 1
E2: Supply oxygen (to organisms) E3: 1
Absorb carbon dioxide 1
Where-
where 3 3
(iii) Can specify an example of nic.
Criteria:
- Organisms
- Activities
- Place

Sample answer:
Big fish eat small fish in the river // Small fish

7
 eat earthworms at the bottom of the river 1 1
(and other appropriate answers based on diagram 5)
b(i) Being able to build a food web shows the
interaction of four organisms

Criteria:

C1 Manufacturer
C2 Right arrow
C3 At least 2 food chains C4 4 correct
organisms
Sample answer :

Earthworm

Big fish
Green plants

Small fish

2 2
All C = 2m
1 – 3 C = 1m
No C1 = 0m
(ii) Can build a pyramid of numbers.

Criteria :

C1 – 4 trophic levels 1

C2 – the correct arrangement and position of organisms 1 2

Sample answer :
Big fish

Small fish

Earthworm

Green plants

(c) Be able to predict the population of organisms in this

river in the next five years.
Sample answer :
F : The population of the organism decreases
1

8
 E1 : Water temperature increases 1
E2: The amount of oxygen (dissolved) decreases 1
E3: BOD increases 1
F + 1E 2

TOTAL 12

SECTION B
[ 40 Marks ]

NUMBER MARKING SCHEME MARK

6(a) Be able to describe the process of ovum formation based on

Figure 6.1.

Sample answer:

P1: The process of ovum formation is known as 1

1
oogenesis P2: High levels of FSH in the blood
P3: Stimulates the development of primary follicles to secondary 1
follicles

P4: Where the primary oocyte undergoes meiosis 1 to form the 1

secondary oocyte and the first polar body

P5: Secondary follicles develop to form Graafian follicles 1

P6: High levels of LH in the blood
P7: Stimulate ovulation 1
1
P8: Where the graaf follicle erupts and the secondary oocyte is released

from the ovary 1

P9: The secondary oocyte enters the Fallopian tube

P10: And completed meiosis II and formed the ovum and the 1
second polar body
1
P11: When one sperm penetrates the secondary oocyte.
1
Where-
where 4 4

(b) Be able to explain how hyperstimulation (hormone treatment)

produces many oocytes that can be retrieved in step 2.

Sample answer:

9
 P1: Fertility hormone injection
1
P2: maintain High levels of FSH in the blood P3:
stimulate follicle development 1
1
P4: and produce more secondary oocytes
1
P5: before ovulation, high levels of estrogen in the blood
1
P6: stimulate the pituitary gland to secrete LH
P7: High levels of LH in the blood stimulate ovulation 1
1

Where-
where 6 6
(c) Be able to compare the process of oogenesis and the process of
spermatogenesis

The equation
S1: Both processes take place in the reproductive organs 1
Q2: Where are germ epithelial cells found in reproductive
1
organs Q3: Germ epithelial cells are diploid (2n) to produce
gametes that are haploid (n)
1
S4: Germ epithelial cells undergo mitosis
1
S5: To produce many diploid/2n cells/spermatogonia and
oogonia 1
1
S6: Both processes undergo meiosis
S7: To produce four haploid daughter cells/n 1
S8: Both processes involve growth In
1
preparation for meiosis 1
Where-
where 2 2
The difference:

Spermatogenesis oogenesis
D1: Occurs at - Take place inside 1
in the organ reproductive organs
male reproduction female i.e. ovaries
namely testicles

D2: Engaging - Does not involve

differentiation process ( differentiation
1
to form
sperm with
tail)

10
D3: Four - One ovum (and 3 polar
sperm/gametes/sperm bodies) is formed 1
matid is formed
D4: Where is everyone - Where the 3 polar bodies
4 sperm are degenerate
active/non-degenerate
D5: Sperm size - Large sperm size
small (with (no tail) 1
the presence of a tail)

D6: Tail - Movement of the ovum

enable assisted by cilia on the
swimming sperm fallopian tubes

D7: Process - Stop when broken

lifetime menstruation/menopause 1
D8: Starting - Starting on
after men fetal stage 1
puberty
D9: Formation - Ovum formation
sperm occurs occurs every cycle 1
All the time menstruation/28 days

D10: Running - Meiosis II only

meiosis process complete when
1
with complete sperm
fertilize
ovum
D11: Epithelial cells - Germ epithelial cells
1
germa divides divide
produce produce
spermatogonia
D12: - Oogonium undergoes
1
Spermatogonium growth
experience produce oocytes
growth primary
produce
primary spermatocytes
D13: Spermatocytes - primary oocyte
1
primary experienced undergo meiosis I
meiosis I produce 1 oocyte
produce 2 secondary and 1 polar
spermatocytes body
secondary
D14: spermatocytes - secondary oocytes
1
secondary undergo meiosis II
undergo meiosis produce ovum
II produced and polar bodies
Where-
spermatids
where 3 3
-----

11
 5
(d) Can explain the difference between the two pairs of twins.
Sample answer :
Twin R Twin S
- Twins - Identical twins
1
identical

- One sperm - Two sperm

1
compound compound
with one with two ovules
ovum
- Forming - Form two 1
one zygote and zygote and
- divide - grow 1
two as well form two
grow embryo
forming
two embryos
- two embryos - two embryos
grow grow 1
forming form two
two fetuses fetus
- which - who have
have the placenta 1
the placenta different
the same
the placenta
- fetus - fetus has
have genetic content
content difference 1
the genetics
same

- Have - Have
which gender which gender
same same/different 1
- Have - Has a feature
feature physical/phenotype
physical/phenotype difference
The same 1
Where-
where 5 5
TOTAL 20

12
NUMBER
SCORING CRITERIA MARK
7(a)(i) Be able to explain the eating habits of P and R P1:P

is an autotroph P2:R is a heterotroph 1

1
P3:P synthesizes its own food through photosynthesis 1
P4: that is by producing organic molecules from carbon dioxide and
water using sunlight as the source of energy
1
P5:R practices holozoic nutrition by ingesting solid organic matter
1 4
which is subsequently digested and absorbed into its body

7(a) (ii) Can explain one similarity and four differences

Similarities:
S1 : Both organisms do not produce cellulose to digest cellulose S2 : 1
Both depend on bacteria that produce cellulase enzyme The

difference 1

Q(cow) R (rabbits)

D1 Has four stomachs Has one stomach

2
chambers chambers

D2 Cellulase-producing Cellulase: producing

bacteria are present bacteria are present in
in the stomach the caecum 2

D3 Does not ingest Semi-digested food that is

digested food that is passed out of the
passed out of the alimentary canal is 2
alimentary canal ingested for the second
time

D4 Does not have a Has a large caecum

large caecum 2 10

7(b) Be able to justify the explanation of the effect of

afforestation on the ecosystem.
Sample answers:

P1: When the liver (organ P) is defective too little or no bile is

1
secreted by the liver
1
P2: Lipids cannot be emulsified and are not easily digested P3:

When the pancreas (organ R) is defective

1
too little or no pancreatic juice is secreted by the pancreas P4:
Lipids cannot be hydrolysed by lipase into fatty acids and

13
 glycerol. 1
P5: Starch cannot be hydrolysed by pancreatic amylase into
maltose
1
P6: Polypeptides cannot be hydrolysed by trypsin into peptides
1 6

TOTAL 20

NUMBER SCORING CRITERIA MARK

8(a) a) P1: When carrying out vigorous activities 1
P2: Higher breathing rate 1
P3: More energy is needed 1
P4- for muscle contraction 1
P5 –More oxygen is needed 1
P6 – to oxidize glucose 1
P7- to be able to produce energy 1
P 8: The concentration of lactic acid in the blood increases 1
P9: Because glucose molecules are completely oxidized 1
P10- When at rest, the breathing rate is low 1
P11- When at rest, Less energy is needed 1
P12- When at rest, less oxygen is needed 1
Where-
where 10
10
(b) P1 : Breathing becomes difficult / shortness of breath 1
P2: Because the wall of the alveolus has been destroyed 1
P3: due to toxic chemicals in cigarette smoke 1
P4: The total surface area of the alveolus becomes small 1
P5: and less oxygen diffuses into the alveolus 1
P6: This causes alveolar volume to decrease 1
P7: Therefore, body cells receive less oxygen 1
P8: As a result, he always feels tired 1
P9: The lungs cannot function efficiently 1

14
 P10: can invite death/death 1 10
TOTAL 20

QUESTION MARKING SCHEME MARK

9(a) Be able to discuss the good and bad effects of the change.

Suggested Answers :

Good effect

P1: Industry/Agriculture/Manufacturing increases opportunities

1
job / increase income
P2: Increase the country's economy/ Generate more income
1
for the people

P3: Build / Develop housing to accommodate

1
increase in population.
P4 : Reorganization of infrastructure facilities / upgrading

infrastructure / more infrastructure will be built for a

1
more conducive life // can give examples of schools,
hospitals, shopping malls, plumbing and electricity
systems
P5: Develop a road system / build roads for
1
P6: Shorten travel time / reduce traffic congestion
1
cross

P7: Increase the number of investors

1
Where-
Bad impact : where 5

F1: Air pollution occurs to form acid rain

P1: Factories release nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide into the

atmosphere
1
P2: Aquatic life will die due to acid rain/ acidic aquatic
1
habitat
F2: Reduction of paddy fields/flora and fauna
P3: Minerals in the soil dissolve / flow into the river
1
P4: Causes infertile soil (soil erosion)// is not suitable

15
 for agriculture // Agricultural productivity in the area
decreased
1
F3: Flash floods /landslides occur //loose soil structure//rivers
become shallower/loss of nutrient sources.

P5: Paddy fields are exposed to soil erosion factors during rain
heavy // soil compaction during heavy rains // soil particles 1
flow into the river (and the river becomes
shallow)//loss of rain catchment area .

F4: Increasing social problems / crime

1

P6: Population increase in the area // population migration

1

F5: Extinction of organisms//loss of certain species of animals and

1

plants
1

P7: The natural habitat of the organism/ecosystem of the organism is destroyed

F6: Greenhouse Effect//rising temperature//global warming

1

P8: Increase in carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere

1

F7: Causes water pollution due to factory waste

1

P9: Water quality is reduced / decreased

1
1
Where- 10
where 5

(b) Be able to explain the concept of sustainable

development and its need to protect our environment.

F Sustainable development takes into account management aspects

1
ecosystem so that the balance of nature is achieved

P1 Demand for natural resources must be balanced with

needs 1

Q2 to maintain the resource 1

Q3 This ensures the survival of all life in this 1

world/a stable ecosystem

Q4 Good ecosystem development is necessary to ensure 1

minimal damage to the environment during
development activities

P5 This involves the protection of water/soil/air/flora 1

/fauna/forest

16
P6 Sustainable development depends on good and
efficient use of renewable resources
1
Q7 The goal is to be able to use these resources while at the
1
same time they are replaceable and remain available for
future generations

P8 forest preservation and conservation is done 1

P9 by replanting/felling trees
scheduled/felling of selected mature trees
1
P10 increases the productivity of existing agricultural land for
reduce the need for deforestation for agriculture
1

P11 uses effective microorganisms to clean

water pollution 1
P12 uses biological control 1
P13 practices the 4Rs ...recycle, reuse, reduce 1
use and renewal of resources
Where-
where
10
10

TOTAL 20

17