MODUL PENINGKATAN AKADEMIK TINGKATAN 5/2021

NEGERI KEDAH
(SET A)

PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN
BIOLOGI

KERTAS 1

1 A 11 A 21 A 31 B
2 B 12 A 22 A 32 A
3 A 13 C 23 C 33 C
4 C 14 A 24 C 34 B
5 A 15 D 25 D 35 A
6 C 16 D 26 A 36 C
7 A 17 C 27 B 37 B
8 C 18 D 28 C 38 A
9 B 19 A 29 C 39 B
10 C 20 B 30 C 40 C

PPD BALING 1
 KERTAS 2

QUESTION 1

ITEM
SCORING CRITERIA MARKS
NO

1(a)(i) Able to name the cell component shown in Diagram 1.1(a). 1

Sample answer:

Jasad Golgi / Alat Golgi

Golgi apparatus / body

1

1(a)( ii) Able to state the function of cell component in (a)(i). 1

Sample answer:

Modify P1 mengubahsuai /memproses bahan kimia / protein / karbohidrat (menjadi

molekul khusus)
modify /process chemicals / proteins / carbohydrates (into specific
molecules), 1

Packing P2 membungkus molekul khusus/ protein terubahsuai

package specified molecules / modified protein

Transport P3 mengangkut molekul khusus / protein terubahsuai

transport the specific molecules / modified protein

Notes
1. For P1, reject ENZYME for protein

1(a)(iii) Able to explain why the cell component (a)(ii) is found abundantly in 2
gastric gland.

Sample answer:

Secretes P1: kelenjar gastrik berfungsi untuk menghasilkan /merembeskan enzim

pepsin/ pepsinogen
gastric gland functions to produce /secrete pepsin enzyme / 1
pepsinogen

Golgi P2: jasad Golgi mengubahsuai protein yang dihasilkan oleh ribosom
(kepada pepsinogen / pepsin) 1
Golgi apparatus can modify the proteins formed by ribosome (to
pepsinogen / pepsin)

P3: menghasilkan lebih banyak enzim pepsinogen

PPD BALING 2
 ITEM
SCORING CRITERIA MARKS
NO

1(b)(i) Able to name process D. 1

Sample answer:

pembezaan // pengkhususan
1
differentiation // specialisation

1(b)(ii) Able to name organ H. 1

Sample answer:

jantung 1

heart

Total 6

PPD BALING 3
 SOALAN 2
QUESTION 2

ITEM
SCORING CRITERIA MARKS
NO

2(a) Able to name molecules P and Q. 2

Sample answer:

P: maltose 1
maltose

Q: glukosa 1
glucose

2(b) Able to explain the statement stated that the action of maltase enzyme 2
on substrate P is specific.

Sample answers:

Active site P1: Enzim (maltase) mempunyai tapak aktif yang spesifik 1
(Maltase) enyme has specific active site

Complement P2: yang hanya sepadan dengan substrat P / maltose 1

that complement / fit to substrate P / maltose only

2(c) Able to explain the observation. 2

Sample answers:

Observation P1 - Tiada perubahan warna pada bahagian R tetapi warna bahagian S

1
berubah kepada warna perang / hitam / lebih gelap
No colour change on R area but S area are change to yellowish / black /
darker

R = alkali P2 - Bahagian R merupakan beralkali dan tidak sesuai untuk tindakbalas

enzim. 1
Part R is alkaline medium and not suitable for enzyme reaction

Denatured P3 - Enzim ternyahasli oleh medium beralkali 1

Enzyme denature by alkline medium

S = neutral P4 - Bahagian S merupakan medium yang neutral dan sesuai untuk 1

tindakbalas enzim
Part S is netural medium and suitable for enzyme reaction

Any two

Total 6

PPD BALING 4
 QUESTION 3

ITEM
NO SCORING CRITERIA MARKS

3(a) Able to dentify the types of respiration of J and K. 2

Sample answers:

J – Respirasi aerob 1
Aerobic respiration

K – Fermentasi asid laktik

1
Lactic acid fermentation
Note : REJECT ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION for lactic acid ferementation

3(b) Alble to write the word equation for the respiration that occurs in the 1
muscles of individual J.

Sample answers:

Glukosa + oksigen karbon dioksida + air + tenaga

1
Glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + energy
Note : REEJECT CHEMICAL EQUATION

3(c) Able to state two differences between the types of respiration carried out 2
by individual J and individual K.

Sample answer:
J K

Site D1 Berlaku dalam mitokondrion dan Berlaku dalam sitoplasma

sitoplasma
Takes place in the Takes place in the cytoplasm 1
mitochondrion and cytoplams

oxidation D2 Glukosa diuraikan / dioksidakan Glukosa diuraikan / dioksidakan

dengan lengkap secara separa lengkap
1
Glucose is broken down / oxidised Glucose is broken down / oxidised
completely partially

by products D3 kepada karbon dioksida dan air kepada asid laktik 1

into carbon dioxide and water into lactic acid

PPD BALING 5
 ITEM
NO SCORING CRITERIA MARKS

J K
ATP D4 Menghasilkan 38 molekul ATP/ Menghasilkan 2 molekul ATP/
tenaga yang dibebaskan adalah tenaga yang dibebaskan
tinggi adalah rendah

Produces 38 ATP molecule/ Produce 2 ATP molecule/

energy released is high(er) energy released is low(er) 1

oxygen D5 Berlaku dengan kehadiran oksigen Berlaku dengan ketiadaan oksigen

/ oksigen yang terhad

Occurs in the presence of oxygen Occurs in the absence of oxygen

1
or limited oxygen

Any two

3(d) Able to give reason why individual J will suffer lung cancer 2

Sample answers:

P1: Ya 1
Yes

P2: kerana terdapat bahan karsinogen dalam rokok / mana-mana contoh

bahan karsinogen yang sesuai (yang menyebabkan kanser peparu) 1
because of the existence of carcinogenic substance in cigarette / any
example of carcinogenic substances (may cause lung cancer).

Total 7

PPD BALING 6
 QUESTION 4

ITEM
NO SCORING CRITERIA MARKS

4(a) Able to name the parts labelled S and T. 2

Sample answers:

1
S: Otot biseps
Biceps muscle

T: Otot triseps 1
Triceps mucle

4(b) Able to explain the role of S and T to straighten the arm 2

Sample answers:

triceps P1: Otot triseps mengecut, otot biseps mengendur 1

contract Triceps muscle contract, biceps muscles relax

pulling force P2: Menghasilkan satu daya tarikan

Creates a pulling force 1

via tendon P3: yang dipindahkan oleh tendon kepada ulna

that transferred by tendon to ulna 1

ulna pulled P4: Ulna ditarik ke bawah

down Ulna is pulled downwards
1
Any two

PPD BALING 7
 ITEM
NO SCORING CRITERIA MARKS

4(c) Able to explain why S and T will need sufficient blood supply to function 2
efficiently.

Sample answers:

need energy P1: Pengecutan otot memerlukan tenaga 1

Muscle contraction requires energy

supply P2: Darah membekalkan / mengangkut oksigen dan glukosa kepada sel otot
Blood supply / transport oxygen and glucose to the muscle cells 1

for P3: Untuk menjalankan respirasi sel

respiration 1
To carry out cellular respiration

Any two
4(d) Able to name R 1

Sample answer:

Tendon 1
tendon

Total 7

PPD BALING 8
 QUESTION 5

ITEM
NO SCORING CRITERIA MARKS

5(a)(i) Able to draw on X, Y and Z to show the direction of the nerve impulses 1
on the reflex arc.

Sample answer:

5(a)(ii) Able to name X, Y and Z in the boxes provided. 3

Sample answers:

X: Neuron deria 1
Sensory neurone

Y: Neuron geganti
1
Relay neurone

Z: Neuron motor
Motor neurone 1

5(b)(i) Able to name gap P. 1

Sample answer:

Sinaps 1
Synapse

PPD BALING 9
 ITEM
NO SCORING CRITERIA MARKS

5(b)(ii) Able to name one example of chemical substances which is released 1

across P.

Sample answer:

Asetilkolina / noradrenalina / dopamin / serotonin

1
Acetycholine / noradrenaline / dopamine / serotonin

Note : REJECT “NEUROTRANSMITTER”

5(b)(iii) Able to explain the disease. 2

Sample answers:

Alzheimeir F1: Penyakit Alzheimeir

Alzheimeir’s disease 1

acetylcholine P1: Kekurangan asetilkolina

Lack of acetylcholine 1

shrink P2: Pengecutan otak

Brain shrinkage 1

symptom P3: Kehilangan intelek / kehilangan memori / kekeliruan / kurang daya

tumpuan 1
Loss of intelligence / loss of memory / mild confusion / poor
concentration

OR

Parkinson F2: Penyakit Parkinson

Parkinson disease 1

dopamine P4: Kekurangan dopamine

Lack of dopamine 1

tremors P5: Menggigil / otot lemah

Tremors / weakness of muscles 1

Any two
Note :
If other than acetylcholine and dopamine written in (b)(ii), P1 and P4 must
be stated in (b)(iii) – compulsory points

Total 8

PPD BALING 10
 QUESTION 6

ITEM
SCORING CRITERIA MARKS
NO
6(a) Able to name the labelled structures. 3

Sample answers:

X– sel mesofil palisad 1

palisade mesophyll cell

Y– berkas vascular // xilem dan floem

vascular bundle // xylem and phloem 1

Z– sel pengawal
guard cell 1

(b) Able to identify which structure is involved in the opening and closing of 1
stomata.

Sample answer:

Z / sel pengawal 1
Z / guard cell

PPD BALING 11
 ITEM
SCORING CRITERIA MARKS
NO
(c) Able to explain how the structure in question 6(b) is involved in the 2
gaseous exchange of the plant.

Sample answers:

photosynthesis P1: struktur Z/ sel pengawal menjalankan fotosintesis semasa waktu siang
structure Z / guard cell carry out photosynthesis during the day 1

reduce P2: kepekatan glukosa dalam Z / sel pengawal meningkat // keupayaan

potential air dalam Z / sel pengawal berkurang
glucose soncentration in Z / guard cell increase //
1
water potential in Z / guard cell decrease

turgid & shape P3: resapan air secara osmosis dari sel epidermis membuatkan Z / sel
1
pengawal segah dan melengkung keluar
influx of water from epidermal cells makes Z / guard cell turgid and
curved outwards

stoma opens P4: maka stoma terbuka 1

thus, the stoma opens

allow P5: bagi membenarkan pertukaran gas karbon dioksida dan oksigen 1
exchange to allow exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen

Any two

(d) Able to explain the importance of the tissue in the adaptation of the plant 2
in its habitat.

Sample answers:

P1: (tisu aerenkima) mengandungi pundi udara

(aerenchyma tissue) contains air sacs 1

P2: menyebabkan tumbuhan terapung

causes the plant to float 1

Any two

Total 8

PPD BALING 12
 QUESTION 7

ITEM
NO SCORING CRITERIA MARKS

7(a) Able to identify the pollution occurs. 1

Sampel answers:

Pencemaran udara 1
Air pollution

7(b)(i) Able to name one pollutant. 1

Sampel answers:

Karbon dioksida / karbon monoksida / nitrogen oksida / sulfur dioksida 1

Carbon dioxide / carbon monoxide / nitrogen oxide / sulphur dioxide

7(b)(ii) Able to name S. 1

Sampel answers:

Hujan asid
Acid rain 1

7(b)(iii) Able to explain how S is formed. 2

Sampel answers:

NO / SO2 P1: gas nitrogen oksida / sulfur dioksida terbebas ke atmosfera 1

nitrogen oxide / sulphur dioxide released to atmosphere

combine P2: gas bergabung dengan wap air di atmosfera 1

gas combine with water vapour in atmosphere

acid formed P3: membentuk asid nitrik / asid sulfuric 1

form nitric acid / sulphuric acid
(dependent on gas named in P1)

acid rain P4: kemudiannya turun sebagai hujan asid 1

later come down as acid rain

Any two

PPD BALING 13
 ITEM
NO SCORING CRITERIA MARKS

7(c) Able to explain how smoke and dust affect the growth of plants around 2
that area.

Sampel answers:

covers P1: (asap dan debu) menutupi permukaan daun // liang stoma tersumbat 1
(smoke and dust) covers leaf surface // occlude stomatal pore

penetration P2: mengurangan penembusan cahaya matahari (ke dalam daun) // 1

mengurangkan pertukaran gas
reduce the penetration of sunlight into the leaves // reduce gases
exchange

photosynthesis P3: mengurangkan kadar fotosintesis // menyukarkan penutupan 1

(penuh) liang stoma
reduce rate of photosynthesis // prevent (full) closure of stomatal
pore

die P4: tumbuhan terbantut // tumbuhan mati 1

stunted growth // plant dies

7(d) Able to why is more energy from eating maize directly. 2

Sampel answers:

producer – P1: jagung adalah pengeluar yang menyerap cahaya matahari secara
max energy langsung (dan menukarkannya kepada tenaga kimia) // mendapat
tenaga paling banyak 1
maize is the producer that absorbs direct sunlight (and convert it to
chemical energy) // obtain most energy

at second P2: memakan jagung secara langsung menyebabkan manusia berada di 1

level aras trofik kedua
eating maize directly make human is the second trophic level
1
more energy P3: manusia mendapat 10% tenaga dari jagung secara langsung
human obtained 10% energy direct from maize

at third level P4: makan daging biri-biri menyebakan manusia berada di aras trofik
ketiga / hanya mendapat 10% tenaga dari biri-biri yang sebelumnya
mendapat 10% tenaga dari jagung
// semakin banyak aras trofik, semakin berkurang tenaga yang
diperoleh
eating mutton involves three trophic levels make human is the third
trophic levels / obtained only 10% energy from sheep that previously 1
obtained 10% energy from maize
// the higher the trophic levels, the lower the energy obtained

Any two

Total 9

PPD BALING 14
 QUESTION 8

ITEM
NO SCORING CRITERIA MARKS

8(a)(i) Able to write the genotype of gametes in the circles provided in Diagram 1
8.1.

Sample answer:

8(a)(ii) Able to write the genotype of offspring in the spaces provided in Diagram 1
8.1.

Sample answer:

Bb, Bb, bb, bb

1
8(b) Able to explain how their offspring inherits free earlobe from both parents. 3

Sample answers:

meiosis P1: Semasa meiosis

1
During meiosis

father P2: Bapa / Ali menghasilkan gamet dengan alel B

1
Father / Ali produced gamete with allele B

mother P3: ibu/ Aisyah menghasilkan gamet dengan alel b

1
mother / Aisyah produced gamete with allele b

fertilisation P4: Gamet akan bergabung / bersenyawa (untuk menghasilkan zigot) 1

The gametes fuse / undergo fertilisation (to produce zygote)

heterozygous P4: dengan genotip Bb // heterozigus 1

with genotype Bb // heterozygous

Any three

PPD BALING 15
 ITEM
SCORING CRITERIA MARKS
NO

8(c)(i) Able to draw a suitable bar graph. 2

RUBRIC:
L: Label untuk jenis cuping telinga – 1 markah 1
Labeling type of earlobe – 1 mark

N: Nilai yang betul – 1 markah 1

Correct value – 1 mark

*Palang bar harus dipisahkan

Bar must be separated

Sample answer:

8(c)(ii) Able to name the type of variation shown and give on reason to support the 2
answer.
RUBRIC:
Type of variation – 1 mark
Reason – 1 mark

discontinous P1: Variasi tak selanjar 1*

Discontinuous variation

intermediate P2: Tidak terdapat ciri / nilai perantaraan antara setiap individu 1
No intermediate among individuals

discrete P3: Graf yang diplot menunjukkan taburan diskrit / berbentuk bar berasingan 1
The graph plotted shows discrete distributionn / bar chart with separate
bars
P1 + any one

Total 9

PPD BALING 16
 QUESTION 9
ITEM
SCORING CRITERIA MARKS
NO

9(a)(i) Able to compare and contrast passive transport and active transport. 4

RUBRIC:
At least 1 S

PERSAMAAN/SIMILARITIES:
pass through S1: Mengangkut bahan merentasi membran plasma
1
membrane Movement of substances across the plasma membrane

semipermeable S2: Berlaku melalui membran separa telap 1

Occurs through a selective permeable membrane

PERBEZAAN/DIFFERENCES:
Pengangkutan aktif Pengangkutan pasif
Active transport Passive transport
direction D1 Menentang kecerunan kepekatan Mengikut kecerunan kepekatan 1
Against the concentration of the Follows the concentration gradient
gradient

outcome D2 Berlaku untuk mengumpul atau Berlaku sehingga 1

menyingkirkan molekul atau ion keseimbangan dinamik tercapai
Occurs to accumulate or dispose Occurs until a dynamic
molecules or ions equailibrium is achieved 1

energy D3 Memerlukan tenaga Tidak memerlukan tenaga

Need energy Do not need energy

carrier protein D4 Memerlukan protein pembawa Memerlukan bukan hanya protein

sahaja pembawa sahaja.
Require carrier protein only Require not only carrier protein

1S + 3D

PPD BALING 17
 ITEM
SCORING CRITERIA MARKS
NO

9(a)(iii) Able to explain how ORS can help reduce the effect of dehydration. 6

Sample answers:

loss water P1: Cirit-birit dan muntah-muntah menyebabkan kehilangan air / natrium /
kalium / glukosa / mineral // elektrolit (dan menyebabkan dehidrasi)
Diarrhea and vomiting cause loss of water / sodium / potassium / glucose 1
/ minerals // electrolyte (and leads to dehydration)

ORS P2: Larutan penghidratan oral (ORS) mengandungi natrium / kalium / glukosa / 1
ingredients mineral.
Oral rehydration salt (ORS) solution contains sodium / potassium /
glucose / mineral.

glucose P3: Glukosa dalam ORS membolehkan usus menyerap air dan garam secara
berkesan 1
Glucose in the ORS enables the intestines absorb water and salts
efficiently

fac. diffusion P4: secara resapan terbantu oleh protein pembawa 1

via facilitated diffusion by carrier protein

electrochemical P5: untuk mengekalkan kecerunan elektrokimia merentas sempadan lapisan

gradient tisu epitelium lumen 1
to maintain electrochemical gradient across epithelial layer boundary of
lumen

osmosis P6: Kesannya, air dapat diserap semula ke dalam salur darah secara
osmosis 1
Consequently, water is reabsorbed into the bloodstream by osmosis.

replenish P7: Air dan unsur-unsur penting tersebut dapat digantikan semula
Water and the essential elements that are lost can be replaced / 1
replenished

rehydrate P8: Badan terhidrat semula

Body is rehydrated 1
Any six

PPD BALING 18
 ITEM
SCORING CRITERIA MARKS
NO

9(b)(i) Able to name P and Q which involved in transportation 2

Sample answers:

P: xilem // salur xilem dan trakeid

1
xylem // xylem vessel and tracheid

Q: floem // tiub tapis dan sel rakan

1
phloem // sieve tube and companion cell

9(b)(ii) Able to describe the process of water movement from the soil to the P 4
vessels based on the water potential

Sample answers:

root hair P1: Sel rambut akar mempunyai keupayaan air yang rendah berbanding air
tanah
1
Root hair cells has low water potential compare to soil water

osmosis P2: Air dari tanah meresap masuk ke dalam sel rambut akar secara osmosis
1
Water from the soils penetrates into the root hair cells by osmosis

increase P3: Meningkatkan keupayaan air sel rambut akar berbanding sel-sel korteks
potential Increase water potential in root hair cells compared to cortex cells 1

cont. osmosis P4: Keadaan ini menyebabkan osmosis berlaku secara berterusan merentas
lapisan corteks, endodermis dan perisikel.
This condition causes osmosis to continuously occur throughout the cortex, 1
endodermis and pericycle layers.

follow gradient P5: mengikut kecerunan keupayaan air sehinggalah ke salur xilem.
following the water potential gradient into xylem vessels 1
Any four

PPD BALING 19
 ITEM
SCORING CRITERIA MARKS
NO

9(b)(iii) Able to explain the pathway of water transportation in the stem and state 4
one similarity of the process involved in water transportation in the root
and the stem.

Sample answers:

capillarity P1: Tindakan kapilari xilem

1
Capillary action of xylem

cohesion P2: dihasilkan oleh daya lekitan air

1
produced by water cohesion force

adhesion P3: dan daya lekatan air

1
and water adhesion forces

cohesion - stick P4: Daya lekitan air membolehkan molekul air melekat dengan molekul air
1
together Cohesion force enable the water molecules to stick to water molecules

adhesion - stick P5: Daya lekatan membolehkan molekul air melekat kepada dinding dalam
to wall 1
salur xilem
Adhesion force enable the water molecules to stick to the inner wall of
xylem vessel

pulling force P6: Daya lekitan dan daya lekatan menghasilkan satu daya tarikan yang 1
menggerakkan air dalam salur xilem secara berterusan
The cohesion and adhesion forces produce a pulling force that
continuously moves water in the xylem vessel

PERSAMAAN:
passive S1: Pengangkutan osmosis yang bersifat pasif 1
osmosis transport which is passive transport

energy S2: tidak memerlukan tenaga.

do not require energy. 1

3P + 1S

Total 20

PPD BALING 20
 QUESTION 10

ITEM
SCORING CRITERIA MARKS
NO

10(a)(i) Able to explain how cancer cells formed. 6

Sample answers:

cell cycle P1: Bahan karsinogen / mana-mana contoh bahan karsinogen // sinar
radioaktif / mana-mana contoh sinar radioaktif mengganggu kitar sel
Carcinogenic subtances / any suitable example of substance //
radioactive rays / any suitable example of radioactive rays affects cell 1
cycle

uncontrolled P2: menyebabkan mitosis secara tidak terkawal (selepas pendedahan

mitosis kepada bahan karsinogen / sinar radioaktif)
cause uncontrolled mitosis (after exposure to carcinogenic substances / 1
radiactive rays)

tumor P3: membentuk kelompok sel / tumor yang berjaya bersaing untuk
mendapatkan sumber makanan / ruang
form tumor that successfully compete for nutrients / space 1

cancer P4: yang akhirnya menjadi sel kanser

and leads to cancerous cells 1

spread P5 : sel kanser akan merebak dan memusnahkan sel di sekitarnya

cancer cells will spread and destroy normal cells around them 1

Able to state two ways to prevent the development of cancer cells.

Sample answers :

exposure P6: Mengelakkan diri daripada terdedah kepada sumber radioaktif

Avoiding exposure to radioactive sources. 1

substances P7: Mengurangkan pengambilan makanan mengandungi bahan karsinogen /

contoh makanan sesuai / minuman beralkohol
1
Refining consumption of carcinogenic foods / suitable example of food /
alcohol.

chemoteraphy P8: Mendapatkan rawatan menggunakan kaedah kemoterapi atau radioterapi

1
Having treatments by using chemotherapy or radiotherapy.

Any four (P1-P5) + Any two (P6-P8)

4+2

PPD BALING 21
 ITEM
SCORING CRITERIA MARKS
NO

10(b) Able to explain the process that causes changes in the structure of the 4
lizard’s tail.

Sample answers: 1

mitosis P1: Proses yang terlibat ialah mitosis

1
The procells involved is mitosis

site P2: yang berlaku pada bahagian ekor yang terputus

1
that occur at the injured tail

new cells P3: melalui penghasilan sel baharu

1
via production / formation of new cells

identical P4: yang seiras dengan genetik sel induk

that genetically identical to the parent cells 1

regrow P5: Ekor cicak yang putus boleh tumbuh semula

The lizard tail can regrow 1

Any four

PPD BALING 22
 ITEM
SCORING CRITERIA MARKS
NO

10(c) Able to explain how a fruit is formed from a flower based on Diagram 10.3. 10
Sample answers:

pollination P1: Butir debunga (dibebaskan oleh anter) dipindahkan oleh lebah ke
stigma // pendebungaan berlaku.
Pollen grain (released by an anther) are transferred by bees to the stigma, 1
// pollination occurs.

sucrose P2: Stigma merembes sukrosa untuk merangsang percambahan butir

debunga untuk membentuk tiub debunga.
Stigma secretes sucrose to stimulate the germination of pollen grains to 1
produce pollen tube.

pollen tube P3: Nukleus tiub merembes enzim untuk menghidrolisis tisu stil dan
mengarahkan pertumbuhan tiub debunga dalam stil.
Tube nucleus secretes enzyme to hydrolyse the style tissues and direct the 1
growth of pollen tube down the style.

growth P4: Tiub debunga tumbuh di sepanjang stil untuk memasuki ovul melalui
direction mikropil.
Pollen tube grows along style to enter ovule via the micropyle. 1

generative nuc. P5: Nukleus penjana dalam tiub debunga membahagi secara mitosis untuk
menghasilkan dua nukleus jantan.
Generative nucleus in the pollen tube divides mitotically to produce two 1
male nuclei.

tip burst P6: Pada mikropil, nukleus tiub mula merosot, hujung tiub debunga pecah.
At micropyle, the tube nucleus degenerates, the tip of pollen tube burst. 1

male nuclei P7: kedua-dua nukleus jantan masuk ke dalam pundi embrio.
enter sac both male nuclei enter into the embryo sac. 1

diploid zygote P8: Satu nukleus jantan bersenyawa dengan nukleus sel telur untuk
membentuk zigot diploid (2n)
One male nucleus fertilises with egg cell nuckleus to form a diploid zygote 1
(2n)

triploid nucleus P9: Satu lagi nukleus jantan bersenyawa dengan dua nukleus kutub
membentuk endosperma / zigot triploid (3n)
Another male nucleus fertilises with two polar nuclei to form a triploid
endosperm nucleus / zygote (3n)

double fert. P10: Persenyawaan ganda dua berlaku

Double fertilisation occurs

PPD BALING 23
 ITEM
SCORING CRITERIA MARKS
NO

endosperm P11: Selepas persenyawaan, nukleus endosperma / zigot triploid membahagi

tissue untuk membentuk tisu endosperma. 1
After fertilisation, triploid endosperm nucleus / zygote divides to form
endosperm tissues.

embryo P12: Zigot diploid berkembang menjadi embrio 1

Diploid zygote develops into embryo

seed P13: Ovul berkembang menjadi biji benih

The ovules develop into seeds 1

seed coat P14: Integumen ovul berkembang menjadi kulit biji

1
Integument of ovule develops into seed coat

Any ten

Total 20

PPD BALING 24
 QUESTION 11
ITEM
SCORING CRITERIA MARKS
NO

11(a)(i) Able to compare and contrast the types of carbohydrates that contain in 4
both types of foods shown in Diagram 11.1.

RUBRIC:
At least 1 S

Sample answer:

PERSAMAAN / SIMILARITIES:

monomer S1: Kedua-dua jenis karbohidrat mengandungi molekul glukosa

Both carbohydrates compose of glucose molecules 1

elements S2: Kedua-dua jenis karbohidrat terdiri dari unsur karbon, hidrogen dan
oksigen
1
Both carbohydrates are made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

condensation S3: Kedua-dua jenis karbohidrat terbentuk melalui proses kondensasi

Both carbohydrates formed via condensation 1

PERBEZAAN / DIFFERENCES:

Nasi Susu
Rice Milk
poly@disacc. D1 Polisakarida Disakarida
Polysaccharides Disaccharides

name D2 Kanji Laktosa

Starch Lactose

monomers D3 Beratus-ratus glukosa bergabung Satu molekul glukosa bergabung 1

membentuk rantai molekul dengan satu molekul galaktosa
panjang
Hundred’s glucose molecules One glucose molecule combines 1
combine to form a long chain with one galactose molecule

size D4 Saiz molekul besar Saiz molekul kecil

1
Has larger molecule size Has smaller molecule size

taste D5 Tidak berasa manis Berasa manis

Sweetless Sweet

PPD BALING 25
 ITEM
SCORING CRITERIA MARKS
NO

11(a)(ii) Able to give a suitable example and discuss the importance to store the 4
molecules in the body.
RUBRIC:
Example - 1 mark
Importance - 3 marks

Sample answers:

example Antara sajian / semasa puasa / keadaan kekurangan makanan / contoh lain
In between meals / during fasting / lacking food condition / other examples 1*

KEPENTINGAN / IMPORTANCE:

stored P1: Glukosa berlebihan disimpan sebagai glikogen 1

Excess glucose stored as glycogen

liver/ muscle P2: di dalam sel hati / otot 1

in the liver cells / muscles

energy source P3: Glikogen sebagai sumber tenaga

Glycogen as source of energy 1

low glucose P4: Apabila aras glukosa darah menurun di bawah aras normal
When blood glucose level drops below normal level 1

glucagon P5: glukagon akan dirembes oleh sel pankreas

glucagon will be secreted by pancreatic cells 1

convert P6: glikogen di dalam sel hati / otot akan ditukar kepada glukosa
glycogen in liver cells / muscles will be converted into glucose 1

transport P7: Glukosa akan diangkut ke sel-sel badan (oleh sistem peredaran darah)
Glucose is sent to body cells (via circulatory system) 1

energy P8: untuk menjana tenaga (melalui respirasi sel)

to generate energy (via cellular respiration) 1

1* + Any three P

PPD BALING 26
 ITEM
SCORING CRITERIA MARKS
NO

11(b) Able to discuss the factors that cause the changes within 8 years. 5

Sample answers:

imbalance diet P1: pengambilan diet tidak seimbang

imbalance diet intake 1

energy exceed P2: pengambilan makanan melebihi tenaga yang diperlukan oleh badan
quantity of food intake is more than the energy used by the body 1

high carbs P3: lebih pengambilan makanan berkarbohidrat / berlemak / makanan kurang
bernutrien / makanan bergula
intake large quantity of food rich in carbohydrate / lipid / less nutrients /
sugary food 1

less fibre P4: kurang pengambilan sayur-sayuran / buah-buahan / serat / mineral / 1

vitamin
less intake vegetables / fruits / fibres / mineral / vitamin
1
less exercise P5: kurang aktiviti fizikal / bersenam
lacking physical activities / exercise
1
sedentary life P6: aktiviti sedentari / banyak duduk seperti mengguna komputer
sedentary activities such as using computer
1
high glucose P7: menyebabkan berlebihan molekul glukosa dalam badan
causes excessive glucose molecules in the body

body fats P8: glukosa berlebihan akan ditukar menjadi lemak dan disimpan di dalam 1
badan
excessive glucose is converted into fat and keep in the body
1
genetic factor P9: obesiti juga boleh disebabkan oleh faktor genetik
obesity also can be caused by genetic factor

PPD BALING 27
 ITEM
SCORING CRITERIA MARKS
NO

11(c)(i) Able to determine the health condition of both individuals and justify the 5
answer.

RUBRIC:
Health condition:
Individual A – 1 mark
Individual B – 1 mark
Justification – 3 marks

Sample answers:
A P1: Individu A – tidak sihat / berisiko mendapat penyakit kardiovaskular /
contoh sesuai
Individual A - unhealthy / high risk of getting cardiovascular disease /
suitable example
1*
B P2: Individu B - sihat
Individual B - healthy
1*
INDIVIDU / INDIVIDUAL A
saturated fat P3: Individu A kerap / gemar pengambilan makanan berlemak tepu
1
Individual A frequently / prefer to intake saturated fat

high P4: lemak tepu mengandungi kolesterol yang tinggi

cholesterol 1
saturated food contains high cholesterol

deposited P5: kolesterol yang mengalir di dalam salur darah akan terenap di permukaan
dalam arteri
cholesterol that flows in blood vessels will deposit on the inner surface of
1
artery

plaque P6: membentuk plak di dalam arteri

1
form plaque on the artery walls

narrow lumen P7: menyebabkan saiz lumen arteri menjadi sempit

1
causes the narrower of artery lumen

INDIVIDU / INDIVIDUAL B
1
unsaturated fat P8: individu B kerap / gemar pengambilan makan berlemak tidak tepu
individual B frequently / prefer to intake unsaturated fat
1
low cholesterol P9: lemak tak tepu kurang mengandungi kolesterol
unsaturated fat contains less bad cholesterol
1
no deposition P10: tiada kolesterol terenap pada permukaan dalam salur arteri
no cholesterol deposits on the inner surface of artery

P1+P2+any three P3 – P10

PPD BALING 28
 ITEM
SCORING CRITERIA MARKS
NO
11(c)(ii) Able to discuss the diseases suffered by the individual and suggest a 3
treatment for the individual.

Sample answers:

disease P1: aterosklerosis

atherosclerosis

blood flow P2: pengaliran darah menjadi sukar / tekanan darah meningkat / hipertensi 1
blood flow is restricted / blood pressure increases / hypertension

rupture P3: boleh menyebabkan arteri halus pecah 1

can cause the delicate arteries to rupture

stroke P4: menyebabkan strok / pendarahan di dalam otak

causes stroke / haemorrhage in the brain 1

angina P5: penyempitan lumen arteri koronari menyebabkan angina

narrowing of coronary artery lumen leads to angina 1

angioplasty P6: boleh dirawat dengan pembedahan / pemasangan stent (angioplasty)

can be treated through surgery / insert stent (angioplasty)
1
nano P7: teknologi nano / partikel nano yang menyerupai kolesterol lipoprotein
technology ketumpatan tinggi (kolesterol baik) diguna untuk mengurangkan plak
nano technology / nanoparticles are designed assemble high density 1
lipoprotein ‘HDL’ is used to reduce the plaque.

Jumlah 20

PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN TAMAT

PPD BALING 29