MARKING SCHEME

BIOLOGY FORM 5
PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN SPM 2016 SET 1

PAPER 2
No Criteria Mark
1.(a) Able to give one example of particles that move through P, Q and
R. 3
Answer:
P : Glucose/amino acids 1
Q : water/oxygen/carbon dioxide/vitamin ADEK/fatty 1
acids/glycerol 1
R : Ions

(b) (i) Able to name the type of passive transport that occurs in P.
Answer: 1
Facilitated diffusion 1

(b) (ii) Able to explain two differences between the transport in P and R.
Answer: 2
P1 : P involve carrier proteins, R involve pore proteins 1
P2 : P has binding site of the substances, R has channel to 1
transport substances
P3 : P transport glucose/amino acids, R transport ions 1
Any 2
(c)(i) Able to describe the uptake of potassium ions by algae. 3
Answer:

P1 : by active transport 1
P2 : with the aid of energy/ATP 1
P3 : with the help of carrier protein 1
P4 : against the concentration gradient 1
Any 3
(c) (ii) Able to describe how unicellular organism lives in freshwater 3
environment.
Sample answer:

P1 : it has contractile vacuole 1

P2 : excess water is stored in the contractile vacuole 1
P3 : When full, water is expel by osmosis from time to time 1
P4 : to prevent bursting of the organism 1
Any 3
TOTAL 12

1
 No Criteria Mark
2.(a)(i) Able to name process X at villus.
Answer: 1
Absorption of digested nutrients 1

(a) (ii) Able to explain one adaptation of the villus for process in (a) (i).
Answer: 2
P1 : has microvillus to increase surface area 1
P2 : so that more nutrients can be absorbed 1
P3 : has blood capillaries 1
P4 : to absorb glucose and amino acids easily 1
P5 : has lacteal 1
P6 : to absorb fatty acids/glycerol/vitamin ADEK 1
Any 2

(b) Able to name vessel P and Q.

Answer: 2
P : Hepatic portal vein 1
Q : Subclavian vein 1

(c) Able to explain what happens to excessive amino acids in the liver. 2
Answer:
P1 : Excess amino acids will be converted into urea
P2 : by deamination 1
P3 : urea is transported to the kidney to be excreted 1
1

(d) Able to explain the effect of cirrhosis of food assimilation. 3

Sample answer:

P1 : less/no glucose can be used for cellular respiration 1

P2 : less/no amino acids can be used to synthesise plasma 1
proteins
P3 : When glucose is excess, less/no glucose can be converted 1
into glycogen and stored in the liver
P4 : less/no amino acids can be used to synthesise plasma 1
membrane/ make new protoplasm/enzymes/hormones
Any 3
(e) Able to name two chemical substances in cigarette that cause 2
cirrhosis.
P1 : Nicotine 1
P2 : Benzoapyrene 1

2
 P3 : Cadmium 1
P4 : Arsenic 1
Any suitable example
TOTAL 12

No Criteria Marks
3 (a) Able to name respiratory structure in : 2
Answer:
Fish : gills filament and lamellae 1
Insect : tracheoles 1

(b) Able to label P and Q.

Sample answer: 2
P : Gill filament 1
Q : Spiracle 1

(c) Able to state the function of R.

Answer :
P1 : R is chitin to strengthen the tracheae from collapse 1 1

(d) Able to explain one adaptation of respiratory structure in fish and

insect. 2
Sample answer :

P1 : Both has one cell thick membrane at the respiratory 1

structure
P2 : so that oxygen can diffuse easily 1
P3 : Both has moist surface in gills and tips of tracheoles 1
P4 : so that gases can dissolve easily 1
P5 : Both has large surface area of the respiratory structure 1
P6 : so that more diffusion of gases can occur 1
Any 2

(e) (i) Able to explain how gaseous exchange occurs in alveolus.

Sample answer : 2

P1 : The partial pressure of oxygen is higher in the alveolus than 1

the blood capillary.
P2 : so oxygen diffuse from alveolus into blood capillaries 1
P3 : and bind with haemoglobin to form oxyhaemoglobin 1

(e)(ii) Able to explain the condition the condition of shortness of breath

due to lung cancer. 3
Answer:
1
P1 : the cancerous cell damage the alveoli 1

3
 P2 : less oxygen can diffuse across the alveoli into blood
capillaries 1
P3 : less oxygen is transported to the cells for cellular respiration 1
P4 : cause difficulty in breathing
Any 3
TOTAL 12

No Criteria Mark
4.(a)(i) Able to name the process.
Answer: 1
Oogenesis 1

(a) (ii) Able to state the importance of process X in oogenesis.

Answer: 1
Meiosis occurs to produce secondary oocyte 1

(b) Able to state the function of hormone progesterone and oestrogen.

Answer: 2
Progesterone : maintain the thickness of endometrium during 1
pregnancy
Oestrogen : Promotes the repair of the uterine lining 1
: Promotes the development of the follicle cells 1

(c) Able to discuss how to overcome the disability of follicle to 3

develop in ovary.
Answer:
P1 : One day before menstruation begins, give Gonadotrophin 1
releasing hormone to stimulate the release of FSH
P2 : Given injection of FSH to stimulate the development of 1
follicles
P3 : Given injection of oestrogen to promote the development of 1
follicle cells in ovary
P4 : when the follicle cells mature, give injection of LH to 1
stimulate
ovulation
Any 3
(d) (i) Able to state the type of twins. 2
Sample answer:
P : Identical twins 1
Q : Fraternal/non-identical twins 1

(d) (ii) Able to give two differences between the two type of twins. 2
Answer :
P1 : Twins P has same gender, but twins Q can has same gender 1

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 or different gender
P2 : Twins P have same physical characteristics, but not twins Q 1
P3 : Twins P have the same genetic constituent, but not twins Q 1
P4 : Twins P has one placenta, twins Q has two placenta 1
Any 2

TOTAL 12

No Criteria Mark
5.(a) Able to genetic diagram.
Answer: 1
Gamete : O, O, A, B 1
F1 : AO, BO, AO, BO 1
(b) (ii) Able to name process X.
Answer: 1 2
Meiosis

(b) (ii) Able to state the phenotype ratio.

Answer: 1
1 blood group A : 1 blood group B 1

(c) Able to state the status of the person. 2

Answer:
Universal receiver : Pn. Halimah
Universal donor : En. Ahmad 1
1

(d) Able to explain why Pn. Halimah cannot donate her blood to En. 2
Ahmad.
Sample answer:
P1 : Pn. Halimah is blood group AB 1
P2 : her blood has antigens A and B on the surface of red blood 1
cell
P3 : If she donated her blood to En. Ahmad, the antibodies in En. 1
Ahmad’s blood cause agglutination of blood AB
Any 2

(e) (i) Able to explain what will happen if a rhesus negative woman has 3
baby with rhesus positive.
Sample answer: 1

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 P1 : Antibodies against rhesus positive will develop in the mother’s
blood 1
P2 : In subsequence pregnancy, the antibodies will build up 1
P3 : the rhesus antibodies can enter the foetal blood through
placenta 1
P4 : the rhesus antibodies cause agglutination of the foetal red
blood cells
Any 3
(e) (ii) Able to state one way to solve the problem. 1
Sample answer:
P1 : the baby is give injection of anti-rhesus antibodies 1
P2 : the mother is given anti-rhesus globulin 1
P3 : the baby is given blood transfusion of rhesus negative blood 1
Any 1
TOTAL 12
SECTION B
[40 marks]

No Answer Mark
6. (a) Able to explain the relationship between light intensity and the size
of the stoma. 6
Sample answer :
Condition H 1
P1 : during the day, when light intensity is not very high 1
P2 : photosynthesis occurs, water moves into the guard cells by
osmosis 1
P3 : the guard cells become turgid, and the size of stoma big as it
is slightly open
1
Condition I 1
P1 : during the day, when light intensity is very high
P2 : photosynthesis occurs, water moves into the guard cells by 1
osmosis
P3 : the guard cells become more turgid than H, and the size of
stoma bigger than H
1
Condition J 1
P1 : during the day, when light intensity is very low
P2 : photosynthesis does not occurs, water moves out of the 1
guard cells by osmosis
P3 : the guard cells become flaccid, and the size stoma is small as
it is close
Any 2 points each
(b) Able to explain the pathway of water from soil to the leaves and
environment. 6
Sample answer :

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 P1 : water from the soil moves into the root cells by osmosis 1
P2 : in the root cells, water moves from cell to the adjacent cell by 1
osmosis until it reach the xylem vessel
P3 : in the xylem vessel the water moves by root pressure, but for a 1
certain height only
P4 : in the vessel water is transported by capillary action which is 1
the combination forces of cohesion and adhesion.
P5 : Cohesion is the force between water molecules with another 1
water molecules
P6 : Adhesion is the force between water molecules and the wall of 1
xylem.
P7 : together they form a continuous flow of water in the xylem 1
vessel up to the leaves
P8 : in the leaves, water evaporates through the stoma and the loss 1
is replaced by the adjacent mesophyll cell
P9 : this creates a force called transpirational pull which enable 1
water to be transported from root to the shoot by transpiration
Any 6

(c) Able to explain the formation of interstitial fluid and how it is 5

return back to blood circulation.
Sample answer :
P1 : the hydrostatic pressure is higher in the arterial end 1
P2 : so, this force out certain substances from the blood plasma into 1
the intercellular spaces
P3 : the fluid formed is called interstitial fluid 1
P4 : it contains water, glucose, amino acids, oxygen, vitamins, 1
except erythrocytes, platelets and plasma proteins.
P5 : the venous end, the hydrostatic pressure is lower 1
P6 : so about 90% of the interstitial fluid returns back to the blood 1
circulation
P7 : the other 10 % goes into the lymphatic capillaries and formed 1
lymph
P8 : the lymph then goes into thoracic duct and finally is return 1
back to circulation via the subclavian vein
Any 6

TOTAL 20

No Answer Mark
7. (a) Able to explain the role of auxin to the respond of shoot towards
light. 6

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 Sample answer :
P1 : when the shoot is exposed to light in one direction 1
P2 :the shoot tip produces auxin that accumulated in the shaded 1
region
P3 : high concentration of auxin in the shaded region promote 1
growth
P4 : so the shaded region grow faster than the lighted region 1
P5 : therefore the shoot grows and bends towards the light 1
P6 : this shows positive phototropism 1

(b)(i) Able to explain the role of hormones X and Y in stabilising the

level of glucose in blood. 6
Sample answer :
P1 : when blood glucose level increases above normal, the cells in 1
the pancreas produce hormone insulin
P2 : to convert excess glucose to glycogen 1
P3 : in the liver 1
P4 : when blood glucose level decreases below normal, the cells in 1
the pancreas produce hormone glucagon
P5 : to convert glycogen into glucose 1
P6 : in the liver 1
P7 : together the hormones keep the blood glucose level at normal 1
level

(b)(ii) Able to explain if hormone X fail to function. 4

Sample answer :
P1 : hormone X is insulin
P2 : If X is lacking, excess glucose cannot be converted into 1
glycogen
P3 : in the liver
P4 : thus the blood glucose level increases above normal level
P5 : the person will have diabetes mellitus
Any 4

(c) Able to name phase X and explain the differences between growth 4
curve in mammal and in insect.
Sample answer:
P1 : phase X is the growth phase 1

Differences :
Mammal Insect
Has sigmoid shaped growth Has step-like shaped growth 1
curve curve

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 It shows the lag phase, growth It shows several instars and
phase, stationary phase and ecdysis 1
senescence phase
It shows non-intermittent It shows intermittent growth
growth 1
TOTAL 20

No Answer Mark
8. (a)(i) Able to explain how to optimize the enzyme reaction so that the 8
stain can be removed faster.
Sample answer:
P1 :wash the shirt in water with optimum temperature (37oC), to 1
increase the rate of enzyme reaction
P2 : wash the shirt using more detergent, to increase the 1
concentration of the enzyme, so that the stain can be remove
faster
P3 : brush the stain area on the shirt, to remove the stain faster 1
P4 : immerse the shirt in detergent overnight, to allow the reaction 1
between the stain and enzyme in detergent
P5 : wash the shirt separately, so that the stain can be removed 1
Faster
P6: use detergent with peluntur, to remove the stain faster 1
P7 : Use detergent with enzyme protease, because it specifically 1
remove the curry stain
P8 : apply the detergent directly onto the stain, then only wash the 1
shirt, so that the collision between the enzyme and substrate is
faster

(a) (ii) Able to give two other uses of enzyme in daily life. 2
Sample answer:
Enzyme Uses
Protease Tenderise meat 1
Trypsin Remove hair from animal
hides inleather industry 1
Cellulase Extract agar from seaweed 1
Lipase Ripening of cheese in dairy
products 1
Any 2

(b) Able to give advice to an obese woman to take a balanced diet to 10

reduce her weight.
Sample answer:
P1: take less carbohydrate such as rice, bread, potato, sweet potato 1
P2 : because it becomes sugar after digestion 1

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 P3 : because it contains high calories 1
P4 : take less sugar in the diet such as carbonated drinks, cakes, 1
sweets, sweet desserts
P5 : because these food has high calories 1
P6 : take diet with more vegetables especially the green vegetables 1
such as spinach, kalian and broccoli
P7 : because vegetables is rich in minerals, vitamin and fibre 1
P8 : vegetables also low in calories 1
P9 : take diet rich in fruits such as citrus fruits such as lemons, 1
oranges
P10 : as the citrus fruits are rich in vitamin C and act as antioxidant 1
P11 : fruits are low in calories 1
P12 : drink plenty of water, at least 2 to 2.5 litres 1
P13 : water is important because it regulates our body temperature, 1
act as medium for biochemical reactions in our body, remove
excretory waste and maintain blood osmotic pressure in the
tissues and plasma.
Any 10
TOTAL 20

No Answer Mark
9. (a) Able to explain the problems faced by the mangrove trees and how
they are adapted to overcome these problems. 10
Sample answer :
P1 : the mangrove swamp has low oxygen concentration 1
P2 : pneumatophores/ breathing roots help to increase the gaseous 1
exchange/respiration
P3 : the mangrove swamp is very windy/has strong coastal wind 1
P4 : the trees has prop root to anchor the plant from being pull off 1
by the strong wind
P5 : the mangrove swamp has soft and muddy soil 1
P6 : the prop root and the cable root system help to anchor the 1
plant in the soft and muddy soil.
P7 : the mangrove swamp has high light intensity 1
P8 : the trees has leaves with sunken stomata and covered with 1
thick cuticle to reduce water loss by transpiration
P9 : the leaves are also succulent, to store water 1
P10 : the mangrove swamp has high salinity 1
P11 : the cell sap of the roots has higher osmotic pressure than the 1
soil water
P12 : this to ensure water is not loss to the surrounding by osmosis 1
P13 : the mangrove swamp has soft and waterlogged condition 1
which is unsuitable for the germination of seed
P14 : the tree has viviparity seed that germinate while still attach to 1
the parent plant

10
 P15 : Viviparity increase the survival rate of the mangrove seedling 1
Any 10

(b)(i) Able to explain the human activities that cause global warming.
Sample answer : 5
P1 : Open burning increase the concentration of carbon dioxide in 1
the atmosphere
P2 : Burning of fossil fuel in the vehicles release carbon dioxide 1
into the air
P3 : Burning of fossil fuel by factories releases carbon dioxide into 1
the air
P4 : high concentration of carbon dioxide leads to the greenhouse 1
effect
P5 : this leads to global warming that cause increase in the Earth’s 1
temperature

(b)(ii) Able to explain how to overcome global warming. 5

Sample answer :
P1 : Use exhaust in vehicles with filters to reduce the release of
carbon dioxide into the environment 1
P2 : Use catalytic converters in chimneys of factories to reduce the 1
release of carbon dioxide into the environment
P3 : Practise carpooling and promote use of public transport to 1
reduce the release of carbon dioxide into the environment 1
P4 : Use alternative energy such as solar energy, wind energy and
biomass energy to reduce pollution by carbon dioxide 1
P5 : Carry campaign of planting more trees and reforestation 1
programme to increase the uptake of carbon dioxide from the
environment 1
P6 : Practise 3R ie reduce, reuse and recycle to prevent burning of
domestic waste to reduce the release of carbon dioxide into 1
the environment
P7 : Use incinerator to burn domestic waste to reduce the release
of carbon dioxide into the environment
P8 : Law implementation on factories and vehicles that releases
more carbon dioxide into the environment
P9 : Education to school children and public on the importance of
preservation and conservation of the environment to reduce the
effect of global warming
P10 : Increase the usage of solar car or hybrid car that is
environmentally friendly as it cause no air pollution by
carbon dioxide

Any 6

11
TOTAL 20

ENDS OF ANSWER SCHEME

SKEMA JAWAPAN TAMAT

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