JABATAN PELAJARAN NEGERI SELANGOR

PROGRAM PENINGKATAN PRESTASI AKADEMIK SPM

PERCUBAAN SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA 2016

SKEMA PEMARKAHAN BIOLOGI

KERTAS 3

1
 PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN SOALAN 1

No Mark Scheme Marks

1(a) Able to record all six readings correctly 3
Sample answer:

Keamatan cahaya Bacaan awal Bacaan akhir

(Watt) gelembung udara(cm) gelembung udara
Light Intensity(Watt) Initial reading of air (cm)
bubble(cm) Final reading of air
bubble(cm)
25 1.1 2.5
40 2.5 4.5
60 4.5 6.9
Able to record 4-5 readings correctly 2
Able to record 2-3 readings correctly 1
No response or incorrect response 0
1(b)(i) Able to state two different observations correctly based on two criteria: 3
P1- Manipulated variable – Keamatan cahaya /5W, 25W, 40W, 60W
Light intensity/5W, 25W, 40W, 60W
P2- Responding variable – Bacaan awal dan atau akhir gelembung
udara
Initial reading and or final reading of air
bubble
* Unit Wajib
* Reject gelembung gas//gelembung//buih
Reject gas bubble//bubble

Sample answers:
1. Apabila keamatan cahaya 5W/25W/40W/60 W, bacaan awal
gelembung udara ialah 0.5 cm dan bacan akhir gelembung udara
ialah 1.1 cm.
When light intensity is 5W/25W/40W/60 W , the air bubble reading
is 0.5 cm and or 1.1 cm.
2. Pada keamatan cahaya 5/25/40/60W, gelembung udara bergerak
sebanyak 0.6/1.4/2.0/2.4 cm.
At 5/25/40/60 Watt light intensity, the air bubble moves
0.6/1.4/2.0/2.4 cm.
3. Pada keamatan cahaya 5 W gelembung udara bergerak paling
sedikit/rendah
At 5 W light intensity the air bubble moves the least/lowest.
4. Pada keamatan cahaya 60 W gelembung udara bergerak paling
banyak /tinggi/panjang
At 60 W light intensity the air bubble moves the most/highest/
longest.

5. Pada keamatan cahaya 60 W gelembung udara bergerak lebih

2
 berbanding pada keamatan cahaya 40 W.
At 60W light intensity, the air bubble moves more compared to
40W light intensity.

Able to state one observation correctly and one inaccurate 2

observation//two inaccurate observations.

Sample answer:

1. Pada keamatan cahaya 5/25/40/60 W, gelembung udara bergerak

0.6/1.4/2.0/2.4
At 5/25/40/60 W light intensity, the air bubble moves 0.6/1.4/2.0/2.4
2. Pada keamatan cahaya 5 W, gelembung udara bergerak sedikit.
At 5 W light intensity the air bubble moves less
3. Pada keamatan cahaya 60 W, gelembung udara bergerak lebih
banyak.
At 60 W light intensity the air bubble moves more

Able to state one observation correctly or one observation / inaccurate 1

observation and one idea observation //two idea observations.
Sample answer:
1. Pada keamatan cahaya 60, gelembung udara bergerak lebih
banyak.
At 60 light intensity the air bubble moves more

2. Gelembung udara bergerak pada keamatan cahaya berbeza

Air bubble moves in different light intensities
No response or wrong response 0
1(b)(ii) Able to make two inferences correctly based on the following criteria 3

Note: Inference must match observation

P1 Keamatan cahaya yang rendah/lebih rendah/tinggi/lebih tinggi

Low/Lower/High/Higher light intensity
P2 Kadar transpirasi lebih tinggi/lebih rendah.
Rate of transpiration higher/lower
P3 Lebih / kurang air menyejat daripada pucuk/daun// Lebih / kurang
air diserap oleh pucuk/daun
More/less water evaporates from shoots/leaves// More /less water
absorb by shoot/leaves

Sample answer:

1. Pada keamatan cahaya rendah, kadar transpirasi lebih

rendah.Maka kurang air menyejat/diserap daripada daun/pucuk//
kurang air diserap.
At low light intensity, less rate of transpiration. Therefore less water
evaporate from shoots/leaves// less water is absorbed.

3
 2. Pada keamatan cahaya tinggi, kadar transpirasi lebih tinggi. Maka
lebih banyak air menyejat daripada daun/pucuk// lebih banyak air
diserap.
At high light intensity, more rate of transpiration. Therefore more
water evaporates from shoots/leaves//more water is absorbed.

Able to state one inference correctly and one inaccurate inference //two 2
inaccurate inferences.

Sample answer:
1. Pada keamatan cahaya rendah, kurang air menyejat daripada
daun/pucuk.
At low light intensity, less water evaporate from shoots/leaves
2. Pada keamatan cahaya tinggi, lebih banyak air diserap//kadar
transpirasi lebih tinggi.
At high light intensity, more water is absorbed//the rate of
transpiration higher.

Able to state one inference correctly or able to state at least one inference 1
at idea level.

Sample answer:

1. Kurang air menyejat daripada daun/pucuk

Less water evaporate from shoots/leaves.
2. Lebih banyak air diserap.
More water is absorbed.
3. Kadar transpirasi berbeza
Different rate of transpiration.
4 Keamatan cahaya berbeza
Different light intensity.
No response or wrong response 0
1(c) Able to state all 3 variables and the method to handle the variable 3
correctly

Sample answer:

Variable Method to handle variable

Manipulated
variable Menggunakan keamatan cahaya yang berbeza//
Keamatan cahaya 5W,25 W, 40 W, 60 W
Light intensity Use different light intensities // Use 5 W,25 W, 40
W, 60 W (bulb)
Responding
variable Mengukur dan mencatat bacaan akhir
Bacaan akhir gelembung udara menggunakan pembaris/
gelembung udara (skala) tiub kapilari
Final reading of air Measure and record final reading of air bubble
bubble using ruler/ graduated (scale)capillary tube.

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 Peningkatan jarak Hitungkan peningkatan jarak glembung udara
gelembung udara dengan formula:
increment of Calculate increase in ir bubble distance using
distance of air formula
bubble
Peningkatan jarak= Bacaan akhir(cm)- Bacaan awal (cm)
Increment of distance=Final reading(cm)-Initial reading(cm)

Hitung kadar transpirasi dengan formula:

Kadar Transpirasi
Rate of Kadar transpirasi= Jarak gelembung udara dalam 10 minit
transpiration Masa
Calculate rate of transpiration using the formula :
Rate of transpiration= Distance of air bubble in 10 minutes
Time

Constant variable
Masa/Tempoh// Tetapkan masa /tempoh eksperimen selama 10
Jarak lampu dari minit
potometer Tetapkan jarak lampu dari potometer
Time /duration Fix time taken /duration of experiment at 10
//Distance of lamp minutes
from potometer Fix//Use tha same distance of lamp from
potometer
Able to state 3-5 answer correctly 2
Able to state 1-2 answer correctly 1
No response or wrong response 0
1(d) Able to state hypothesis correctly following all criteria: 3
P1- manipulated variable – keamatan cahaya
light intensity
P2-responding variable –jarak gelembung udara/peningkatan jarak
gelembung udara//kadar transpirasi
distance of air bubble/increment of distance of
air bubble//Rate of transpiration.
R -perhubungan
-relationship

Sample answer:

1. Semakin tinggi kematan cahaya, semakin jauh gelembung udara

bergerak//semakin tinggi kadar transpirasi.
The higher the light intensity, the further the movement of air
bubble//the highrt the rate of transpiration.
2. Apabila keamatan cahaya paling tinggi, jarak gelembung udara
paling tinggi.
When light intensity is highest, the air bubble distance is the
highest
3. Jarak gelembung udara pada keamatan cahaya rendah kurang
berbanding keamatan cahaya yang lebih tinggi.

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 The air bubble distance in lower light intensity is less compared to
higher light intensity.
4. Pada keamatan cahaya berbeza, pergerakan gelembung udara
berbeza
At different light intensities , the movement of air bubble is
different
5. Keamatan cahaya mempengaruhi jarak gelembung udara
Light intensity affects the distance of air bubble
6. Pergerakan gelembung udara pada keamatan cahaya 5 Watt
adalah kurang daripada 20W, 40W / 60 W
The movement of air bubble in light intensity of 5 Watt is less than
20W, 40W / 60 W
Note: wrong conclusion can be accepted
7. Semakin rendah keamatan cahaya, semakin banyak /lebih
pergerakan gelembung udara.
The lower the light intensity the further/more the movement of air
bubble
Able to state inaccurate hypothesis following two criteria 2
Sample answer:

1. Semakin jauh gelembung udara bergerak,semakin tinggi keamatan

cahaya,
The further the movement of air bubble, the higher the light
intensity,
2. Apabila keamatan cahaya adalah tinggi, jarak gelembung udara
meningkat//kadar transpirasi meningkat.
When light intensity is higher, the air bubble distance moves
further//the rate of transpiration increases.
3. Jarak gelembung udara berbeza pada keamatan cahaya rendah.
The air bubble distance is different in low light intensity
4. Jarak gelembung udara rendah pada keamatan cahaya rendah
The air bubble distance is low in low light intensity

Able to state hypothesis at idea level // one criterion 1

Sample answer:
,
1. Jarak gelembung udara adalah berbeza
The distance of air bubble is different
2. Kadar transpirasi meningkat/bertambah/berkurang
Rate of transpiration increases/higher/less
No response or wrong response 0
1(e) Able to construct a table and record all the data correctly base on : 3
T –Titles with correct units -1mark
D- Record all data correctly -1mark
C-Calculate rate of transpiration correctly -1mark
*1/2 tempat perpuluhan.

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 *Semua kiraan betul

Sample answer:

Keamata Bacaan Bacaan Kadar transpirasi

n cahaya awal (cm) akhir(cm) (cm/min)//
(Watt) Initial Final (cmmin-1)
Light reading reading Rate of
Intensity (cm) (cm) transpiration T
(Watt) (cm/min)//
(cmmin-1)

5 0.5 1.1 0.06

25 1.1 2.5 0.14
40 2.5 4.5 0.20
60 4.5 6.9 0.24

D C

Any two correct 2

Any one correct 1
No response or wrong response 0
1(f)(i) Able to draw line graph correctly 3

P - Axes has uniform scale and correct label with units.

T - Transfer data correctly
B - Join all 4 points correctly

Sample answer:

Kadar transpirasi/ Rate of transpiration(cm/min)

0.24 x

7
 0.20 x

0.16
x
0.12

0.08
x
0.04

0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Keamatan cahaya/ light intensity (Watt)

Any two criteria correctly 2

Any one criteria correctly 1
No response or wrong response 0
1(f)(ii) Able to explain the relationship between the rate of transpiration and light 3
intensity correctly based on three criteria:

R: Dapat nyataka perhubungan

Able to state relationship
P1: Pergerakan gelembung udara bertambah
Air bubble movement increases

P2: Lebih banyak/cepat air diserap oleh pucuk/daun//kehilangan/

penyejatan air lebih cepat
More water absorb by shoot/leaves// loss of water/ water evaporate
faster
*Wajib betul. Kalau R salah,P1 and P2 tidak diberi markah.

Sample answer:
Apabila keamatan cahaya meningkat, kadar transpirasi meningkat.
Pergerakan gelembung udara meningkat/bertambah.Maka kehilangan air
dari daun/pucuk berlaku dengan lebih cepat/banyak//penyedutan air oleh
daun meningkat

As the light intensity increases, the rate of transpiration increases.

Air bubble movement higher/increases.
So loss of water from leaves is faster/more//the water uptake from the
leaves increases

Able to interpret the relationship incompletely: 2

R with P1 or R with P2.
Able to interpret relationship only 1
No response or wrong response 0
1(g) Able to define transpiration operationally based on three criteria: 3

P1: pucuk Bunga Raya di bawah cahaya

Hibiscus shoot under light
P2: ditunjukkan oleh pergerakan gelembung udara
shown by movement of air bubble

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 P3: dipengaruhi oleh keamatan cahaya//hipotesis yang betul
affected by light intensity //correct hypothesis

Sample answer:

Transpirasi berlaku pada pucuk Bunga Raya yang terdedah kepada

cahaya dan (ditunjukkan) oleh peningkatan jarak gelembung udara.
Jarak gelembung udara dipengaruhi oleh kematan cahaya.
Transpiration occurs in Hibiscus shoot exposed to/under light and (shown
by) increase in distance of air bubble.
The distance of air bubble is affected by light intensity
Able to define incompletely with any two criteria. 2

Sample answer:

Transpirasi ditunjukkan oleh (perubahan)/peningkatan jarak gelembung

udara.
Jarak gelembung udara dipengaruhi oleh keamatan cahaya
Transpiration shown by (change)/increase in distance of air bubble.
The distance of air bubble is affected by light intensity

Able to state the idea with any one criteria 1

Sample answer:

Transpirasi ditunjukkan oleh (perubahan)/peningkatan jarak gelembung

udara
Transpiration shown by (change)/increase in distance of air bubble.

No response or wrong response 0

1(h) Able to predict the outcome of experiment correctly 3

P1: ramalan betul (sebarang nilai diantara 1.2cm-2.4cm)

correct prediction (any value between 1.2 cm-2.4cm)
P2: Pergerakan udara yang lebih menyebabkan lebih banyak wap air
hilang/tersejat dari daun ke persekitaran//kadar transpirasi lebih
tinggi/meningkat
Higher air movement causes more water (vapour )loss/evaporate
from leaves to surroundings//rate of transpiration increases/higher
P3: Lebih banyak air diserap oleh pucuk
More water is absorbed by the shoot
*Unit wajib betul
*P1 wajib betul.Kalau P1 salah, P2 dan P3 tidak dikira.
Sample answer:

(Jarak) pergerakan gelembung udara selepas 10 minit bertambah/lebih

daripada 1.1cm//(1.1cm-2.4cm)
Pergerakan udara yang lebih, menyebabkan kadar transpirasi meningkat/
lebih banyak air hilang daripada daun ke persekitaran// yang
menyebabkan lebih banyak air diserap oleh pucuk.

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 The distance of movement of air bubble after 10 minutes increases/ more
than 1.1cm. //(1.1cm-2.4cm).Higher air movement ,causes the rate of
transpiration to increase/ more water loss from the leaves to the
surrounding// causes more water absorbed by the shoot.

Able to give P1 and P2 or P1 and P3 2

Able to give P1 only 1
No response or wrong response 0

1(i) Able to classify all apparatus and materials correctly 3

Sample answer:

Apparatus Materials
Potometer gelembung
Bubble potometer Air
Water
Lampu
Lamp Pucuk Bunga Raya
Hibiscus shoot

Vaselin
Vaseline
Able to classify 1 apparatus and 2 materials correctly 2
Able to classify 1 apparatus and 1 material correctly 1
No response or wrong response 0

Peraturan Pemarkahan soalan no 2.

Soalan Peraturan Pemarkahan Markah

2 (i) Boleh menyatakan pernyataan masalah dengan betul meliputi 3

aspek berikut:

P1: Pembolehubah manipulasi (MV)

( Jenis Sampel makanan// udang kering dan kacang tanah)
(Types of food samples // dried prawn and peanut)

10
P2:Pembolehubah bergerakbalas
( Nilai kalori tenaga // suhu akhir air ( suling) )
(Energy value // Final temperature of (distilled) water)

P3:Perhubungan antara pembolehubah dalam bentuk soalan

dan tanda soal
(question form and question mark ,?)

Contoh jawapan:

1. Bagaimanakah mengenal pasti nilai tenaga dalam dua

jenis makanan iaitu udang kering dan kacang tanah ?
How to determine the energy value in different food such
as dried prawn and peanut?

2. Apakah nilai tenaga dalam udang kering dan kacang

tanah?
What is the energy values in dried prawn and peanut ?

3. Adakah jenis sampel makanan yang berbeza

mempengaruhi nilai tenaga ?
Does different types of food samples affect the energy
value?

Boleh menyatakan pernyataan masalah tetapi tidak tepat 2

(inaccurately)

Contoh jawapan:

1.Apakah tenaga dalam udang kering dan kacang

tanah ?
What is energy inside dried prawn and peanut?

2.Adakah jenis makanan mempengaruhi nilai tenaga?

Does types of food affect the energy value?

3.Adakah jenis sampel makanan yang berbeza

mempengaruhi nilai tenaga
Does different types of food samples affect the energy
value
Boleh menyatakan pernyataan masalah pada tahap idea sahaja 1

Contoh jawapan:

1.Nilai tenaga dipengaruhi oleh makanan yang berbeza.

Energy value affected by different food

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Soalan Peraturan Pemarkahan Markah
2(ii) Boleh menyatakan hipotesis dengan betul meliputi aspek 3
berikut:

P1: Pembolehubah manipulasi (MV)

( Jenis Sampel makanan =mesti mengandungi 2 jenis
makanan)
(Types of food samples)

P2:Pembolehubah bergerakbalas
( Nilai kalori tenaga // suhu akhir air )
(Energy value //( Final) temperature of water)

P3: Perhubungan antara P1 dan P2

(relationship between P1 and P2)

Contoh jawapan:

1.Kacang tanah mempunyai nilai tenaga / suhu akhir

air tinggi berbanding dengan udang kering.
Peanut has the higher energy value / final water
temperature compare to dried prawn.

2. Udang kering mempunyai nilai tenaga / suhu akhir

air rendah berbanding dengan Kacang tanah
Dried prawn has the lower energy value / final water
temperature compare to Peanut.

3.Udang kering mempunyai nilai tenaga paling rendah.

Dried prawn has lowest energy value

4. Kacang tanah mempunyai nilai tenaga paling tinggi

Peanut has highest energy value.

Boleh menyatakan hipotesis dengan membuat perkaitan antara 2

pembolehubah dimanipulasikan dan pembolehubah
bergerakbalas tetapi tidak tepat. (inaccurately)

Contoh jawapan:

1.Makanan yang berbeza mempunyai nilai tenaga /suhu

akhir air yang berbeza
Different food has different energy value / final water
temperature

2.Semakin tinggi nilai tenaga , semakin tinggi suhu

akhir air
The higher the energy value , the higher the final water
temperature.

3.Nilai tenaga / Suhu akhir air bergantung // dipengaruhi

12
 kepada jenis sampel makanan
Energy value / Final water temperature depends
//affected by on type of food (sample)

Boleh menyatakan hipotesis pada tahap idea sahaja (id) 1

Contoh jawapan:

1.Kacang tanah dan udang kering mempunyai tenaga

yang berbeza
Peanut and dried prawn has different energy

2.Kandungan tenaga di dalam makanan tidak sama

Energy content in the food is not same

3.Kacang tanah mempunyai nilai tenaga yang tinggi

Peanut has high energy value

Soalan Peraturan Pemarkahan Markah

2(iii) Boleh menyatakan ketiga-tiga pembolehubah dengan betul 3

Contoh jawapan:

1. Pembolehubah dimanipulasi:
Sampel makanan // jenis sampel makanan
Food sample // types of food sample
**tidak terima jika jawapan menyatakan udang kering dan
kacang tanah

2. Pembolehubah bergerakbalas:
Suhu akhir air // Nilai tenaga // Perubahan suhu
Final water temperature // Energy value // increase of
water temperature

3.Pembolehubah dimalarkan :
Isipadu air (suling) // Suhu awal air (suling) // jisim
makanan // suhu bilik // Pergerakan udara
Volume of (distilled) water // Mass of food // Initial
temperature of (distilled) water // Room temperature // air
movement
Boleh menyatakan mana-mana 2 pembolehubah dengan 2
betul

Boleh menyatakan mana-mana 1 pembolehubah dengan 1

betul

Soalan Peraturan Pemarkahan Markah

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2 (iv) Boleh menyenaraikan radas dan bahan penting dengan betul 3

Contoh jawapan:

Radas : Termometer* , Silinder penyukat , Penghadang angin,

Tabung didih/ tabung uji* , Penunu Bunsen*, Kaki
R retort , Penimbang elektronik* , pin , kapas, tanah liat
Thermometer* , measuring cylinder , wind shield ,
boiling tube /test tube*, Bunsen burner *, Retort
stand , Electronic balance* , pin, cotton
wool,plasticine,

Bahan : Udang kering* , Kacang tanah* , air suling*

Dried prawn, peanut , distilled water
B
5R* + 2 R
3B*
Boleh menyenaraikan sekurang-kurangnya 5 radas penting* 2
dan 1 radas dan 3 bahan penting* dengan betul
5R* + 1R
3B*
Boleh menyenaraikan sekurang-kurangnya 5 radas penting dan 1
3 bahan penting dengan betul
5R*+ 3B*

Soalan Peraturan Pemarkahan Markah

2(v) Boleh menerangkan prosedur atau kaedah dengan betul
meliputi aspek berikut:

K1: Persediaan bahan dan radas (sekurang-kurang 4K1)

K2: Mengendalikan Pembolehubah dimalarkan (1)
K3: Mengendalikan Pembolehubah bergerak balas (1)
K4: Mengendalikan Pembolehubah dimanipulasikan (1)
K5: langkah berjaga-jaga (1)

** dapat k1 utk gambarajah berlabel (3 label berfungsi)

Contoh jawapan:

1.20ml air dimasukkan kedalam tabung didih K2,K1

2.suhu awal air suling direkodkan K1
3.timbang kacang tanah dengan menggunakan penimbang K1
elektronik dan jisimnya direkodkan
4. kacang tanah dibakar dengan lengkap di bawah tabung K1,K5

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didih.
5.Kacau air dengan menggunakan termometer. K1,K5
6.Gunakan penghadang angin bagi mengelakkan haba K5
terbebas ke persekitaran
7.Perhatikan perubahan suhu air suling dan rekod bacaan K3
sebaik sahaja pembakaran kacang tanah berhenti dengan
menggunakan termometer
8.Ulang langkah 1-7 untuk udang kering K4
9.Rekod keputusan di dalam jadual K1
10.nilai kalori tenaga dalam sampel makanan dikira K3
dengan

menggunakan formula:

x peningkatan suhu 0C
4.2 x jisim air (g)4.4.4.2
Nilai
tenaga=
Jg-1
456 (g) x 1000
Jisim sampel makanan (g)

1. Fill the boiling tube with 20ml distilled water. K1,k2

2 .Record the initial temperature of distilled water K1
3 .Weight the peanut by using electronic balance and K1
record its weight
4. Ignite the peanut by holding it in the flame of K1,k5
Bunsen burner then immediately place it beneath the
boiling tube to heat the water.
5. Stir the water gently with the thermometer K5
6. Use the wind shield to prevent the heat loss K5
7. Measure and record the final temperature of K3
distilled water by using thermometer as soon as the
peanut stop burning
8. Repeat step 1-7 by using dried prawn K4
9. record the data in table K1
10.calculate the energy value by using formula :
K3
Energy value =

4.2 x mass of water (g)x increase in

temperature○ C

Mass of food sample(g)x 1000

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 4K1+1K2+1K3+1K4+1K5=5K 3
3-4K 2
1-2K 1
Tiada langkah kerja 0

Soalan Peraturan Pemarkahan Markah

2(vi) Boleh membina jadual untuk merekod data berdasarkan aspek 2
berikut:

P1:Pembolehubah dimanipulasikan dengan data dan unit yang

betul

P2: Pembolehubah bergerakbalas dengan unit yang betul

Contoh jawapan:
sampel makanan Udang Kacang tanah
Kering P1
Jisim makanan(g)
Isipadu air suling (g)
Suhu awal air (○ C )
P2 Suhu akhir air (○C )
Perubahan suhu air
( ○C)

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 Nilai tenaga (JG-1)

Food samples Dried prawn Peanut

Mass of water (g)
Mass of food
samples (g)
Initial temperature
of distilled water
(○C)
Final temperature of
distilled water (○C)

Change in
temperature ( ○C )
Energy Value (JG-1)

Boleh membina jadual untuk merekod data meliputi 1 aspek 1

sahaja
Tiada jadual 0

PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN TAMAT

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