I.

Title: An investigation on the effect of the volume of gas on the different

temperatures of the water.

II. Research Question

To what extent does the different temperature of the water affect the volume of gas?

III. Theory and Background Information

An experimental gas law known as Charles' law explains how heated gases have a

tendency to expand. Charles's law states that the Kelvin temperature and the volume of a

gas will always be in direct proportion to the pressure applied to it. Which means that as

the temperature increases, the volume of gas also increases as long as the pressure remains

constant. This is represented in a mathematical expression:

V1/T1=V2/T2

V1=initial volume

V2=final volume

T1=initial temperature

T2 =final temperature

According to the theory of how temperature affects kinetic energy, a particle's kinetic

movement increases as the temperature rises. Kinetic energy in gas molecules increases

with temperature compared could suggest the increasing volume of gas as temperature

increases.
To find the volume of the gas, a circumference of the balloon must be found first. The

circumference is measured on the mid part of the balloon. To find the radius, the

circumference will be divided by π then the diameter is found. Divide by two, the radius is

found. By using the formula 4/3) × π × r³ the volume of the balloon can be found.

IV. Hypothesis

If the temperature increases, then the volume of gas will increase because increased

temperature causes an increase in kinetic energy. The higher kinetic energy causes more

motion in the gas molecules.

V. Variables

Independent Variable

Temperature of water

Range/levels of independent variable

First water - 80

Second water - 60

Third water - 40

How the identified level of independent variable will be achieved

Boiling water to get hot water, use tap water for room temperature water, put ice cubes in

tap water for cold water.

Dependent Variable

Volume of gas in the balloon.

How the variable will be measured

Measured by measuring the circumference of the balloon then finding the volume.

Controlled variables

variable how the variable will be why the variable must be

controlled controlled

Amount of water Accurately measuring the Different amounts of water

volume of water. can affect the amount of

volume in the balloon and

the overall outcome of the

experiment..

Location of the experiment Conduct the experiment in The location and

the same place and in a temperature can impact the

regulated room outcomes of the

temperature. experiment.By controlling

these variables, you ensure

that any changes observed

are caused by the

 manipulated independent

variable and not external

factors.

Erlenmeyer flask Use the same type of Different types of flask

erlenmeyer flask. could have different

properties in retaining and

transferring heat. Therefore

using the same type of flask

could ensure a fairer result.

Same type of balloon Use the same type of Different thicknesses,

balloon materials and size of the

balloons will affect the

outcome of the results.

Time to conduct the Conduct the experiment Different duration of time

experiment with the same duration of can result in different sizes

time. of balloon which makes the

result unreliable and

inaccurate.

VI. Materials and Apparatus

 1. 600 ml hot water

2. 3 erlenmeyer flasks

3. 3 200 ml beakers

4. 3 balloons

5. 1 thermometer

6. 1 timer

7. 1 measuring tape

8. 1 masking tape

9. 1 pen

VII. Procedure

1. Label each beaker and erlenmeyer flask A, B, C with a masking tape and a pen.

2. Pour 100 ml of 60°C water into a 200 ml beaker A,

3. Measure the temperature of the hot water by putting in the thermometer inside.

Make sure the thermometer does not touch the sides or the bottom of the beaker.

Make sure it is 60°C.

4. Wrap the opening of the balloon on the neck of the erlenmeyer flask.

5. Insert the balloon-wrapped erlenmeyer flask in the water-filled beaker.

6. Use a timer until it reaches two minutes while waiting for the balloon to expand.

7. After two minutes, measure the circumference of the balloon.

8. Record the length and calculate it to find the volume.

9. Repeat steps 2-8 for one more time as another trial.

10. Repeat steps 2-9 with 60°C water and with beaker and erlenmeyer flask B.
 11. Repeat steps 2-9 with 40°C and with beaker and erlenmeyer flask C.

VIII. Experiment Setup

IX. Safety Precautions

- Handle hot materials grabbing the cool handle of the containers or using a clamper.

- Hot water splash injuries can be reduced by wearing goggles, lab coats.

- Conduct the experiment with more than one person.

- Check if there are any cracks on the glassware before conducting the experiment.

Dispose them if there are.

- Handle glassware with care, be careful not to drop or break them when conducting
 an experiment as they are fragile.

- Prevent water spills that can lead to possible slips and injuries.

- Be cautious when handling water near electrical equipment to prevent electrocution.

Bibliography

“Charles’s Law.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, inc.,

www.britannica.com/science/Charless-law. Accessed 31 Jan. 2024.

The Kinetic Molecular Theory,

chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch4/kinetic4.html#:~:text=Charles’%20L

aw%20(V%20T),as%20the%20gas%20becomes%20warmer. Accessed 31 Jan. 2024.

Pamuła, Hanna. “Sphere Volume Calculator.” Omni Calculator, Omni Calculator, 18

Jan. 2024,

www.omnicalculator.com/math/sphere-volume#:~:text=To%20derive%20the%20volume%2

0of,%C3%97%20r%C2%B3%20with%20r%20%3D%201.59%20.