Experiment 5.

Resonance Tube_Report

1. Abstract :
Using the microphone to investigate standing waves and their properties.

2. Theoretical background
- The occurrence of standing waves depending on the reflection of each side of
the tube consists of interference with the original one therefore making the
amplitude values lower compared to ones that are not reflected, and some
higher than ones compared. resonant frequencies are known for the reason
for this effect, and for the experiment’s topic is to find out each resonant
standing wave and their properties by the use of an instrument : a
microphone.
- With a given frequency, the sound wave differs by the length of the tube which
is then identified with the comparison with the standing wave. Likewise with a
fixed value of the length of the tube, resonant frequencies are to be found in
various sound waves. For the compensation of the experiment, lengths will be
a fixed value for the determinant of frequencies.
- Speed of light is determined by the measurement of the time that has been
counted by the pulse launched from one to the other or by the measurement
of time interval that the reflected wave is required to the starting point.
- Waves oscillate repeatedly when it’s propagating. This is normally due to its
shape being a sin-like shape. Waves differ by longitudinal waves which
transfer parallel to propagation direction and transverse waves which are
perpendicular to propagation direction.

3. 1Experimental procedure

1
KAIST, Department of Physics General Physics Laboratory I (2024)
 - Frequencies that are resonant of the tube (either opened or closed)
a. Set up the resonance tube, oscilloscope, and function generator as
shown in Fig. 1.
b. Increase the frequencies gradually and listen to the sound from the
tube carefully
c. Decrease the amplitude of the wave form the function generator to
0.2V~0.5V (In our experiment our amplitude was fixed to 0.2V)
d. While increasing the frequency, find approximately five different
resonant frequencies
- Standing Waves in a Tube (either opened or closed)
a. The method is identical to that in procedure 1
b. Understand the mechanism of a microphone, and investigate the
waveform in the tube
c. Watch the waveform at the end edge of the tube carefully
- Tube Length and Resonant Modes(Opened, Closed)
a. The method is identical to that in procedure 1
b. Measure the distance between an antinode and the next node using
the microphone, and compare it to the theoretic values.
- The speed of Sound in a Tube
a. Make a low frequency(< 10Hz) sawtooth wave and tune the system in
order to listen to the clacking sound; Set the trigger of the oscilloscope
to the launched wave
b. Watch both the wave of the speaker and that of the microphone on the
oscilloscope
c. Measure the time interval of a pulse launched from one point until it
reaches another point, and measure the time interval that a reflected
wave requires to return to the starting point; Determine which peak is
the reflected peak when the echo is used

4. Result
- Resonant Frequencies of a Tube when opened
Opened / mic position = 0cm
Changing in frequencies (200~1000 Hz) and find resonant point
(cf. The reason for starting the frequency in 200 is because the frequency
below 200 is not identified by the instrument)
Observed results :

516 Hz 703 Hz 891 Hz 1070 Hz 1253 Hz

difference in each 703 - 517 = 187 891 - 703 = 188 1070 - 891 = 179 1253 - 1070 = 183
frequency

- Standing Waves in a Tube - I

Closed / Tube length = 60 cm / frequency = 600 Hz
 Changing mic position (0 ~ 80 cm) and find node or antinode
Observed results :

28 cm 56 cm

- Standing Waves in a Tube - II

Closed / Tube length = 80 cm / frequency = 600 Hz
Changing mic position (0 ~ 80 cm) and find node or antinode
Observed results :

22 cm 49 cm 76 cm

- Tube Length and Resonant Modes - I

Closed / Frequency = 600 Hz / mic position = 0 cm
Changing tube length (5 ~ 80 cm) and find node or antinode
Observed results :

6 cm 36 cm 64.5 cm

- Tube Length and Resonant Modes - II

Closed / Frequency = 800 Hz / mic position = 0 cm
Changing tube length (5 ~ 80 cm) and find node or antinode
Observed results :

6.5 cm 27 cm 49 cm 70 cm

5. Conclusion
According to the theory, the wave function of sound is defined as λf. For the first
experiment of resonant frequency when the tube is open, by using calculus and the
equation of; λ = 2L/n, the frequency is referred to as 190.19 in approximation (332.32
/1.79 = 185.6 Hz) and by calculating the difference between each frequency (187,
188, 179, 183) we can figure out that the average of each differs to 186.4. By
comparing the result to the theoretical average, we pointed out that some differences
have occurred between the two and pointed out the miss calculation of adding
thermal values as the problem. The value we used to calculate was 15 degrees in
celsius which was the temperature of the outside weather.

For the experiment in standing waves in a tube, by using calculus and the equation λ
= 4L/2n-1, we found out that the wavelength theoretically is v/f, 332.32/600 = 0.553 m
= 55.3 cm. Therefore by calculus, f = v/2L the amount of delta recorded which was 56
was similar to the theoretical amount.
6. Reference APA style :
KAIST, Department of Physics General Physics Laboratory I (2024)