BIOLOGY FORM 4 ASSESSMENT

Question 1
(a) (i) Plasma membrane
(ii) Separates the internal environment of the cell from the external
environment.//Controls the flow of substances in and out of the
cell.//Enables diffusion to take place to allow the exchange
of substances between the cell and the surroundings.
(b) (i) P: Carrier protein
Q: Pore protein
(ii) Passive transport
(c) (i) The concentration of Na+ ions is higher on the outside of the cell. The Na+
ions approach the carrier protein which has a site for the Na+ ions
and another site to bind the ATP molecule. The carrier protein binds
+
the Na ions. The ATP molecule is split into ADP molecule and
phosphate group (P). The phosphate group then attaches itself to the
carrier protein. The splitting of ATP molecule releases energy to the
carrier protein. Energy from the ATP molecule changes the shape
of the carrier protein. This causes the carrier protein to release the Na+
ions outside the cell.
(ii) The accumulation of iodine in the cells of the thyroid gland.//The
movement of sodium ions into the cells lining the kidney tubules.

Question 2
(a) Osmosis
(b) 15 % sucrose solution
(c) (i) 5 % sucrose solution is hypotonic to the concentration of cell sap of the
potato strip. Water molecules enter the cell by osmosis. This
causes the mass of the potato strip to increase and the potato strip to
become firm and turgid.
(ii) 15 % sucrose solution is isotonic to the concentration of cell sap of the
potato strip. The rate of movement of water molecules in and out
of the cell is the same rate.
(iii) 30 % sucrose solution is hypertonic to the concentration of cell sap of the
potato strip. Water molecules leave the cell by osmosis. This
causes the mass of potato strip to decrease and the potato strip to
become soft.
(d) The plasma membranes of the cells of raw potato are semi-permeable.
(e) 7.5 % sucrose solution
(f) The length of potato strips