AO1 Quiz- Transport across membranes

1) What is the difference between a plasma membrane and a cell surface

membrane? (1)
2) What is the role of cholesterol in cell surface membranes? (3)
3) Describe the basic structure of cell surface membranes, and of membrane
bound organelles in eukaryotes e.g. chloroplast and mitochondria (3)
4) Describe the fluid mosaic model of the cell surface membrane (6)
5) Why is this model known as the fluid mosaic model? (2)
6) What is the difference between an extrinsic and intrinsic protein? (1)
7) What is the role of a glycoprotein? (1)
8) What is the role of a glycolipid? (1)
9) Define simple diffusion (1)
10)Define facilitated diffusion (1)
11)Define osmosis (1)
12)Define active transport (1)
13)How is the simple diffusion of many molecules restricted across the
phospholipid bilayer? (1)
14)Explain the process of co-transport of amino acids/glucose in the ileum (5)
15)How are mitochondria adapted for carrying out a fast rate of respiration? (2)
16)Name 3 factors that can affect the rate of facilitated diffusion (3)
Answers

1) All membranes are ‘plasma membranes’ and are all made up of a

phospholipid bilayer. The term ‘cell-surface membrane’ is only used to
describe the plasma membrane that makes up the cell membrane
2) Regulates fluidity, increases stability and has a role in preventing loss of water
as it is hydrophobic
3)
a. Phospholipids are arranged as bilayer in membrane
b. The phosphate head is hydrophilic/polar and the fatty acid tail is
hydrophobic/non-polar
c. The heads are located on the outside and the tails are attracted to
each other on the inside
4)
a. The cell surface membrane is a phospholipid bilayer
b. Which is made up of phospholipids and proteins
c. Phospholipid molecules are arranged ‘Tails to tails’
d. With ‘floating’ protein molecules that are able to move in the
membrane
e. Intrinsic proteins extend through bilayer
f. Extrinsic proteins in one single outer layer only;
g. Channel proteins are embedded into the cell surface membrane
which have a role in transport of molecules (e.g. water, ions)
h. Glycoproteins are embedded into the cell surface membrane
which have a role as receptors of hormones/neurotransmitters
i. Presence of cholesterol in the cell surface membrane
j. which regulates fluidity, increases stability and has a role in
preventing loss of water as it is hydrophobic
5)
a. Molecules within the membrane are able to move
b. due to the mixture of phospholipid and protein / arrangement of
protein
6) Intrinsic proteins extend through the bilayer whereas extrinsic proteins are in a
single outer layer
7) Are embedded into the cell surface membrane which have a role as receptors
of hormones/neurotransmitters
8) Used in cell recognition and for stability of cell membrane
9) Movement of non-polar/lipid soluble molecules from an area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration, down the concentration
gradient. Doesn’t use carrier or channel proteins or ATP
10)Movement of polar/water soluble molecules from an area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration, down the concentration
gradient. Uses a carrier or channel proteins but doesn’t use ATP
11)Movement of water molecules from a high water potential to a low water
potential through, down the water potential gradient. Uses channel proteins
but doesn’t use ATP
12)Movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high
concentration, against the concentration gradient. Uses a carrier protein and
energy from the hydrolysis of ATP
13)Only lipid soluble molecules (not water soluble) can diffuse across due to the
hydrophobic nature of the fatty acid tails of the phospholipids
14)
a. Sodium ions are actively transported from the epithelial cell to the
blood
b. This maintains/forms a concentration gradient for sodium ions to enter
the epithelial cells from the ileum by diffusion
c. Glucose/amino acid moves into the epithelial cell from the ileum with
the sodium ion
d. Via (carrier / channel) protein
e. Glucose/amino acid then moves into blood by facilitated diffusion
15)
a. They have a folded inner membrane that provides a large surface area
b. to have an increased number of protein channels and carrier proteins
that are involved in the respiratory reactions
16)
a. Having a large surface area with more channel proteins embedded into
it
b. Having a steep concentration gradient
c. Having a higher temperature