1.

4 Practice [60 marks]

The salt concentration inside an animal cell is 1.8 %. The salt concentration in the surrounding medium becomes 5 %. What will be [1 mark]
1.
the likely response?

A. The cell will gain water from the medium.

B. The cell will lose salt to the medium.

C. The cell will remain unchanged.

D. The cell will shrink from loss of water.

Dialysis membrane was set up to model digestion and absorption in the small intestine.
2. [1 mark]

What is a limitation of this model?

A. There can be no active transport.

B. Maltose will pass through the membrane.

C. Lipase should be present with protein.

D. The membrane is not permeable to starch.

[Source: Adapted from www.biology-resources.com. Copyright 2004–2017 D G Mackean & Ian Mackean. All rights reserved.]

The salt concentration inside the Paramecium is 1.8 %. The salt concentration in the surrounding medium suddenly drops to 0.2 %. [1 mark]
3.
What will be the likely response?

A. The cell will lose salt to the medium.

B. The contractile vacuole will expel more water.

C. The cell will swell and eventually burst.

D. The membrane will become more permeable to salt.

The giant marine alga Halicystis ovalis is able to move sodium ions from vacuoles to the surrounding seawater through active
4. [1 mark]
transport. Which condition or feature is required for this mode of transport?

A. Movement from a region of higher sodium concentration to a region of lower sodium concentration
B. A partially permeable surface
C. Membrane fluidity
D. Transmembrane proteins
 Describe the process of endocytosis.
5. [5 marks]

Describe the process of endocytosis.

6. [5 marks]

The diagram shows some of the structures in an animal cell.

7a. (i) Label structures I, II, III and IV. [3 marks]

I.

II.

III.

IV.

(ii) State one function of structure III.

Explain how materials are transported within a cell between structures X and Y.
7b. [2 marks]

Which process requires channel proteins?

8. [1 mark]
A. Simple diffusion
B. Facilitated diffusion
C. Binding of hormones
D. Exocytosis

What feature of cell membranes allows endocytosis to occur?

9. [1 mark]
A. Fluidity of phospholipid bilayer
B. Presence of protein pumps
C. Presence of carrier proteins
D. Glycoprotein binding sites

10. Why do crop plants dry out when a field is irrigated with water contaminated by sea water? [1 mark]
A. The plants lose water by active transport.
B. The plants gain salt by osmosis.
C. The plants gain salt by diffusion.
D. The plants lose water by osmosis.

11a. Draw a labelled diagram to show the structure of membranes. [6 marks]

11b. Explain passive transport and active transport across membranes. [8 marks]
 12. Cells in the adrenal gland produce the hormone epinephrine and store it in vesicles. To release epinephrine these vesicles are [1 mark]
carried to the plasma membrane and fuse with it. What process is occurring?
A. Expulsion
B. Exchange
C. Excretion
D. Exocytosis

Draw a labelled diagram to show the fluid mosaic structure of a plasma membrane, indicating the hydrophilic and hydrophobic
13a. [5 marks]
regions.

13b. Distinguish between active and passive movements of materials across plasma membranes, using named examples. [4 marks]

13c. Explain how the properties of water are significant to living organisms. [9 marks]

14. Draw a labelled diagram to show the ultrastructure of Escherichia coli. [5 marks]

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