1. Which structure is common to all three domains of life?

i) nucleus
ii) endoplasmic reticulum
iii) mitochondria
iv) phospholipid bilayer cell membrane
2. Where are enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of membrane lipids located?
i) endoplasmic reticulum
ii) nucleus
iii) lysosomes
iv) Golgi apparatus
3. What is the correct order of the exocytosis or secretion pathway?
i) rough ER, endosome, Golgi apparatus, smooth ER
ii) rough ER, Golgi apparatus, smooth ER, plasma membrane
iii) smooth ER, rough ER, exocytosis, Golgi apparatus
iv) rough ER, Golgi apparatus, transport vesicle, plasma membrane
4. Which of the following correctly lists the objects in order from largest to smallest?
i) human body, mitochondrion, lipid, frog egg
ii) frog egg, mitochondrion, lipid, the human body
iii) human body, frog egg, mitochondrion, lipid
iv) mitochondrion, frog egg, lipid, the human body
5. What is the function of the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)?
i) Package and ship proteins
ii) Transport proteins
iii) Create energy for the cell
iv) Remove waste
6. Which gives the most complete and correct description of a signal transduction pathway?
i) binding of a signal molecule to a cell protein
ii) catalysis mediated by an enzyme
iii) sequence of changes in a series of molecules resulting in a response
iv) binding of a ligand on one side of a membrane that results in a change on the other
side
7. Phosphorylation of proteins in a kinase cascade does what?
i) makes functional ATP
ii) distorts a protein from one functional state to another
iii) activates phosphatases to remove the phosphate group
iv) alters the permeability of the cell’s membranes
8. Which correctly describes what happens during signal transduction inside a cell?
i) Some fraction of the original signal is converted into something else and passed
through the cell.
ii) Changes in protein activities and in other items in the cell are induced by an activated
receptor.
iii) The original signal is amplified as it is passed through the cell.
iv) Energy from the signal is used to power the changes needed in the cell for a response.
9. Which best describes what a plasma membrane-spanning receptor does when it binds a
signal?
i) The receptor binds an extracellular signal molecule and passes it into the cell.
ii) Activated receptors directly produce a response to the signal.
iii) It uses the energy from the signal to power its transduction.
iv) Binding of the signal molecule alters the receptor’s other binding sites and activities.
10. Which can be second messengers?
i) Ca2+
ii) cAMP
iii) PdG
iv) a and b
11. Which best describes a biological membrane?
i) two layers of phospholipids with proteins embedded
ii) between the two layers
iii) a mixture of covalently linked phospholipids and proteins that determines which
solutes can cross the membrane and which cannot
iv) two layers of phospholipids with proteins either spanning the layers or on the surface
of the layers
v) a fluid structure in which phospholipids and proteins move freely between sides of
the membrane
12. Which statement about osmosis is correct?
i) If a cell is placed in an isotonic solution, more water will enter the cell than leaves the
cell.
ii) Osmotic movement of water into a cell would likely occur if the cell accumulates
water from its environment.
iii) The presence of aquaporins (proteins that form water channels in the membrane)
should speed up the process of osmosis.
iv) If a solution outside the cell is hypertonic compared to the cytoplasm, water will
move into the cell by osmosis.
13. Receptor-mediated endocytosis produces vesicles that
i) typically deliver the items they take up to the nucleus of the cell.
ii) carry macromolecules and cells for delivery to the lysosomal compartment.
iii) assist in the removal of certain items from the cytosol of the cell.
iv) when formed, cause there to be more total surface area available in the plasma
membrane.
14. A cell that has a contractile vacuole is likely, at times, to have
i) too much membrane.
ii) too much water.
iii) too much salt.
iv) too little pigment.
15. What is NOT TRUE about the cell membrane
i) It controls what enters and leaves the cell
 ii) Semipermeable
iii) Phospholipid bilayer
iv) Contains digestive enzymes

16. Which best describes the kinetochore

i) a structure composed of several proteins that associate with the centromere region of
a chromosome and that can bind to spindle microtubules
ii) the centromere region of a metaphase chromosome where the DNA can bind with
spindle proteins
iii) the array of vesicles that will form between two dividing nuclei and give rise to the
metaphase plate
iv) the ring of actin microfilaments that will cause the appearance of the cleavage furrow
17. Which statement about typical eukaryotic chromosomes just before and after M phase is
incorrect?
i) These chromosomes are not in a fully condensed state.
ii) Both contain double-stranded DNA molecules.
iii) Both have just one kinetochore structure associated with their centromere.
iv) Both have many proteins associated with the chromosomal DNA
18. From prophase through metaphase of mitosis, each chromosome has _____ DNA
molecules, while from anaphase through telophase of mitosis, each chromosome has
_____ DNA molecule(s)
i) two; one
ii) 2n; 1n
iii) homologous; nonhomologous
iv) condensed; decondensed
19. If you were given a slide and told that the cells on it were performing cytokinesis, how
would you tell if you had plant cells or animal cells?
i) Look for a cell plate or a cleavage furrow.
ii) Look for condensed or decondensed chromosomes.
iii) Look for an intact or a dispersed nuclear membrane.
iv) Look for more or less layers in the cell wall.
20. Which comes immediately after S phase in the cell cycle?
i) G1
ii) G2
iii) mitosis
iv) cytokinesis
Fill In the blanks
1. I am located in the leaves of plants, but NOT the roots. ________________________
2. Alcohol is destroyed in the cell by the removal of hydrogen atoms. It occurs in
____________________
3. I am the control center of the cell and house the DNA. _____________________
4. I am the tough exterior that protects plant cells and gives them their shape.
__________________
5. I am very present in muscles in order to provide massive amounts of ATP for movement
and exercise. ______________________
6. A steroid hormone is bound by an intracellular receptor. The resulting complex is most
likely act as a _____________________ in the nucleus
7. A signal molecule that binds to a plasma-membrane protein is a____________________
8. What determines whether a cell is a target cell for a particular signal molecule
_____________________
9. ___________________ is a type of membrane protein would help intake a message from
outside of the cell to inside of the cell
10. Calcium ion acts as a second messenger in the signal ________________________
11. Cells such as bacteria are taken up by other cells such as white blood cells by
_____________________
12. What does "bilayer" mean? __________________
13. ___________________ is embedded in the phospholipid bilayer for transportation of
materials
14. Most of the cell membrane is made up of _________________
15. The function of the ___________________ is to regulate what enters and leaves the cell.
16. ____________________is phase does the cell spend most of it's life
17. In ______________________, the nucleus dissolves and the chromosomes condense,
aligning in the center of the cell as it divides.
18. The chromatin complex, which contains DNA and proteins, condenses during
________________________.
19. Before cells can divide, what must be copied ___________________________
20. During ____________________, the cytoplasm of a parental cell is divided into two
daughter cells.