ZigBee

Presentation by
•Srinivas Shenoy.
•Yateesh Kumar.M.N.
 Outline
• Introduction.
• ZigBee Architecture.
• ZigBee Topologies.
• Initialization And Operation.
• ZigBee Advantages And Applications.
Introduction.
 What it is?
• ZigBee is an established set of specifications for wireless
personal area networking (WPAN), i.e. digital radio
connections between computers and related devices.
• It is ratified under IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless Networking
Standards.
• IEEE 802.15.4-2006 is a standard which specifies the
physical layer and media access control for low-rate
wireless personal area networks (LR-WPANs).
• ZigBee is targeted at radio-frequency (RF) applications
that require a low data rate, long battery life, and secure
networking.
General characteristics.
 Bluetooth vs. IEEE 802.15.4.

Bluetooth based WPAN IEEE 802.15.4 LR-WPAN

• Few devices • Many devices
• Data range is 10m to • Data range is nearly
100m 10m
• Data rate is nearly • Data rate is 20
1Mb/s kb/s,40kb/s,250kb/s.
• Power consumption is a • Power consumption is
low. ultra low.
• Battery life is low. • Battery lasts years.
• Star only. • peer to peer, Star,
Tree, Mesh.
 ZIGBEE alliance.

• The ZigBee Alliance is an association of companies

involved with building higher-layer standards based
on IEEE 802.15.4. This includes network, security,
and application protocols.
• A rapidly growing, worldwide, non-profit industry
consortium consisting of Leading semiconductor
manufacturers, Technology providers, End-users.
• An Organization with a mission to define
reliable, cost-effective, low-power, wirelessly
networked, monitoring and control products
based on an open global standard.
Architecture.
Basic Architecture.
 Basic Architecture.
1.Application Level
• The Application level contains the applications that run
on the network node.
2.ZigBee Stack Level
• It consists of stack layers concerned with network
structure, routing and security (encryption, key
management and authentication).
3.Physical/Data Link Level
• The Physical/Data Link level is concerned with low-level
network operation such as addressing and message
transmission/reception.
 IEEE 802.15.4 PHY

• Features
– Activation/Deactivation of radio transceiver
– Energy Detection (ED)
– Link Quality Indication (LQI)
– Channel Selection
– Clear Channel Assessment (CCA)
– Transmission/Reception of packets over
physical medium
 IEEE 802.15.4 PHY

• PHY protocol data unit

– SHR – allows receiving device to
synchronize with bit stream
– PHR – contains frame length information
– Variable length payload carrying MAC
sublayer frame
 IEEE 802.15.4 MAC

• Features
– Beacon Management
– Channel Access
– Guaranteed Time Slot (GTS ) management
– Frame Validation
– Acknowledged Frame Delivery
– Association/Dissassociation with PAN
coordinator
 IEEE 802.15.4 MAC

• Superframe Structure
– Format defined by coordinator
– Bounded by network beacons
– Divided into 16 equally sized slots
 Application layer.
Endpoints
These application instances on a
node are said to be endpoints, where
messages can originate and terminate.
Endpoint addresses for user
applications are numbered from 1 to
240.
ZigBee Device Objects (ZDO)
Endpoint address 0 on each node is
reserved for a special application
called the ZDO (ZigBee Device
Objects).
 Application frameworks and
saps
• Application Framework
The Application Framework (AF) contains the
application objects and facilitates interaction between the
applications and the APS layer
• Service Access Points
A Service Access Point (SAP) implements a set of
operations to pass information and commands between
layers
• There are usually four types of operation implemented
by a SAP:
1. Request .
2. Confirm.
3. Response.
4. Indication.