AP Statistics Formula Sheet

(II) Probability
(I) Descriptive Statistics
P(A  B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B)

x
x i
P( A  B)
n P(A | B) =
P( B)

1
sx   ( xi  x ) 2 E(X) =  x   xi pi
n 1

Var(X) =  x   ( xi   x ) pi
2 2

( n1  1) s  ( n 2  1) s
2 2
sp  1 2

( n1  1)  ( n 2  1)
If X has a binomial distribution with
yˆ  bo  b1 x Parameters n and p, then:

n k n–k
b1 
 ( x  x )( y  y )
i i P(X = k) =   p (1 – p)
k  
 (x  x) i
2

bo  y  b1 x µx = np

 x  np (1  p )
1  xi  x  y i  y 
r   
n  1  s x  s y 

 pˆ  p

sy
b1  r p (1  p )
sx  pˆ 
n

(y i  yˆ i ) 2
n2 If x is the mean of a random sample of size n
sb1  from an infinite population with mean µ and
 (x i  x)2
standard deviation σ, then:

x  


x 
n

(III) Inferential Statistics

Standardized test statistic: statistic – parameter

standard deviation of statistic
Confidence interval: statistic ± (critical value) • (standard deviation of statistic)

Single–Sample

Statistic Standard Deviation

Of Statistic
Sample Mean 
n
Sample Proportion p (1  p )
n

Two–Sample

Statistic Standard Deviation

Of Statistic

Difference of  12  22

sample means n1 n2

Special case when  1   2

1 1
 
n1 n2

Difference of
sample proportions p1 (1  p1 ) p2 (1  p2 )

n1 n2

Special case when p1 = p2

1 1
p (1  p ) 
n1 n 2

(observed  exp ected ) 2

Chi-square test statistic = 
exp ected