TCP vs.

UDP

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 UDP
 UDP is datagram-oriented and
connectionless protocol.

 No reliability and flow control mechanisms,

no error recovery mechanisms.

 TFTP (69), RPC (111), ECHO (7) , DAYTIME

(13) , SNMP (161) and NTP (123) uses UDP.

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UDP Header Format

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 UDP Header Format
 Source Port number : Used to identify the
port of the sending application process.

 Destination Port number: Used to identify

the receiving process on the destination host.

 UDP Length: Length of UDP header and data

in bytes.

 UDP Checksum : covers the UDP header and

UDP data. 4
 RPC
 RPC is implemented in the client-server
operation through a technique called STUB.
STUB is acting as a proxy for application.

 Based on extending the notion of local

procedure calling, so that the called
procedure need not exist in the same address
space as the calling procedure.

 The two processes may be on the same

system, or they may be on different systems
with a network connecting them. 5
RPC Flow

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 RTP
 RTP stands for Real Time Transport Protocol
and used in multimedia applications such as
music-on-demand, video conferencing, video-
on-demand and such real time applications .

 RTP is based on UDP hence no flow control,

error control and no acknowledgement and
no mechanism for retransmission.

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RTP

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 RTP
 Version: Indicates Version number. The
value is 2.

 P bit: Indicates that the packet has been

padded to a multiple of 4 bytes.

 X bit: Indicates that the extension header is

present.

 CC field: indicates the number of sources

present. 9
 RTP
 M bit: Indicates start of the frame (Video
frame of start of word in an audio channel).

 Payload type: Indicates encoding algorithm

used.

 Sequence number: Used by the receiver to

detect packet loss.

 Time stamp : indicates sampling instant of the

first byte in RTP data packet, used to reduce
jitter at the receiver. 10
 RTCP
 RTCP is the control protocol for RTP and
provides feedback on the quality of the data
transmitted (ex: delay, jitter, bandwidth and
receiver report etc).

 It does not support transport of data. The

feedback information is used by the encoding
process to increase the data rate.

 RTCP packets are : sender report, receiver

report, source description, BYE and APP.
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 TCP
 Connection oriented Protocol, reliable, byte
stream service. It provides flow control.

 TCP does not support multicasting and

broadcasting.

 TCP header is of 20 bytes. With options, the

Max length is 60 bytes.

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TCP

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 TCP header Format
 Source Port and Destination Port: indicates
the sending and receiving application port
number.

 Sequence number and ACK number: used by

the receiver to identify the loss of packets.
ACK number contains next sequence
number.

 Header length: Length of TCP header.

 Reserved: Reserved for future use and must

be set to 0. 14
 TCP header Format
 URG: Urgent Pointer.
 ACK: Used to indicate ACK number is
valid.
 PSH: The receiver should pass this
data to the application as soon as
possible.
 RST: Used to reset the connection.
 SYN: Synchronize sequence number.
This bit is set to 1 for every new
connection.
 FIN: No more data from the sender.15
 TCP header Format
 Window size: Specifies the number of
bytes the sender is willing to accept.

 Checksum: Used for error detection.

 Urgent Pointer: if URG is set, the

segment contains urgent data.

 Options: Provides other functions.

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TCP vs. UDP

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