MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL

EDUCATION,MUMBAI.

A MICRO PROJECT PROPOSAL ON

“Collecting Information Of various methods used for the
measurement of screw thread parameter – effective parameter ’’

UNDER THE SUBJECT

(22342)
Engineering Metrology

SEMESTER – III OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

ACADEMIC YEAR 2022-2023

SUBMITTED BY-21401,21402,21410

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

A.M.Vibhute
GOVEMENT POLYTECHNIC , MIRAJ
SECOND YEAR DIPLOMA ENGINERING (I – SCHEME)

BRANCH
MECHANICAL
MICRO-PROJECT

“Collecting information of various methods uesd for the

measurement of screw thread parameter – effective diameter’’

SUBMITTED BY
21423:MD.TAQEE .S. MUSHRIF
21415: MAHEFUZ .I. KAZI
21412: SAMARTH .S. KADOLE

ADVISOR
A.M.Vibhute
 MAHARASHTRA STATE
BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION , MUMBAI
Year 2022-23
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that 21423 , 21415 , 21412 of third Semester of Diploma in
Mechanical Engineering of Institute, GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC
MIRAJ. (Institute Code: 0131) has completed the Micro Project work
satisfactorily in the subject Engineering metrology (22324) for the academic year
2022-23 as prescribed in the curriculum by MSBTE Mumbai.

Place: MIRAJ Date: ……………

Principal: Subject Teacher: Head of the department:

 GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC MIRAJ
PART A – Micro-Project Proposal

COLLECTING INFORMATION OF VARIOUS METHODS USED FOR MEASUREMENT OF

SCREW THREAD PARAMETER – EFFECTIVE DIAMETER

1.0) BRIEF INTRODUCTION

Screw thread metrology deals with the measurement of screw thread profile . These
measurement find out the dimensional accuracy of screw thread, their
strength ,workability and nature of errors (if any) .Here, the object of dimensional
control is to ensure mechanical strength, which depends upon the amount of flank
contact with a threaded hole

2.0) Aim of the Micro-Project

This micro project aims at :-
1) To collect the information of various instrument that can measure the screw thread
parameters of effective parameters
2) To develop the knowledge of methodology used

3.0) Intended Course Outcomes

1) We understood the screw thread measurement
2) We studied the types of screw thread
3) We studied the terminology of screw thread

4.0 Literature Review

1) Students should take guidance from teacher
2) Student should collect the data form internet ,magazines, books and journals etc.
3) Student may visit the concerened shop ,industry as per requirement .

5.0 Proposed Methodology

1) Discuss and finalise the topic of micro project.
2) Collect the brief information on the floating carriage micrometer.
3) Discuss the title of micro project with teacher.
4)Understand the concept of floating carriage micrometer.
5) Prepare the proposal of microproject.
6)Collect the material and information required for the micro project.
 7)Prepare power point presentation on floating carriage micrometer.
8) Final submission of micro project

5.0 Resources Required (major resources like raw material, tools, software etc.)
S. No. Name of Resource/material Specifications Qty Remarks
1 INTERNET SURFFING Google ,wikipedia
2 MAGAZINES ,BOOKS,JOURNALS Library
3 ACTUAL VISIT TO SHOP Concerened shop
 Acknowledgement

We take it is an opportunity to thank all those who have directly and indirectly inspired,
directed and assisted us towards successful completion of this project report. We express our
sincere thanks to Mr.A.M.Vibhute Lecturer in metrology Department of mechanical of Govt.
Polytechnic Miraj for her encouragement throughout this project report and guideline in
designing & working out this project. We are also graceful to team of 'methods of measuring
effective diameter.' for their highly encouraging and co operative attitude. We express our
sense of gratitude towards our friend and parents for their constant moral support during
project report.

Yours Sincerely,
Mohammad Taqee S Mushrif .[21423]
Mahefuz I Kazi .[21415]
Samarth .S. kadole .[21412]

Sr Name of group member Roll No Enrollment No. Seat No

No.
Mohammad Taqee Shamshuddin 21423 21013102
1 Mushrif
Mahefuz Imran Kazi 21415 21013102
2
Samarth sudhakar kadole 21412 21013102
3
Content :

Aim :-
To study about the methods of measuring effective diameter.

Course outcomes :-
1.Used relevant methods to measure the effective diameter of screw thread
and gear.
Introduction :-
There are manily two types of methods in the measurement of effective diameter
Effective Diameter Measurements The effective diameter or the pitch diameter can be
measured by . any one of the following methods :
Measurement of effective diameter of external thread using two wire method
Measurement of the effective diameter of screw plug gauge using ‘’three wire method’’ .

Construction and Working :-

- Effective diameter of screw thread is the diameter of pitch cylinder which is coaxial with the
axis of the screw and intersects the flanges of the thread in such way as to make width of
thread and the width of spaces between the threads equal. This is the most important
dimension as it decides the quality of the fit between screw thread micrometer and two and
three wire method. In Two Wire Method, The effective diameter of a screw
thread is ascertained by placing two wires or rods of identical diameter between the flanks of
the thread, as shown in Fig. and measuring the distance over the outside of these wires.
Skill development / learning output of This Micro project

We learn how to select the method of measuring two wire or three wire method in measuring
of effective diameter

Application:
It is recommended for universal use in the direct measurement of pitch diameter in screws ,
thread plug and thread setting plug gauges
1) TERMILOGY OF SCREW THREADS
*A parallel screw thread is a countinuous helical ridge of uniform section and uniform
axial spacing formed on the exterior surface of a circular cylinder or on the interior
surface of a circular hole
Following are the definition of some of the useful terms in screw threads

a. A axis of thread or thread axis- it is an imaginary line passing through the centre
of screw along its length

b. Form of thread-it is the shape of contour of one complete thread as seen in an

axial section

c. Pitch- pitch of screw thread is the axial distance measured parallel to axis,
between the two corresponding points on the adjacent thread forms in the same
axial plane and on same side of axis.pitch is defined as the axial distance
measured parallel to thread axis of one point on one thread to the
corresponding point on adjacent or next or successive thread.

d. Lead – it is the axial distance travelled by the thread during 360° revolution of
the screw. The smaller the lead, the higher the mechanical advantage. Pitch
Surface: The imaginary cylinder formed at the average of the crest and root
height of each tooth. The diameter of the pitch surface equals the pitch
diameter.

e. Crest - The crest of a thread is the prominent part of a thread, whether internal
or external. The root is the bottom of the groove between the two flanking
surfaces of the thread whether internal or external.

f. Internal Root : It is bottom of groove formed between two ridges ( two flanks )
of thread . ( Thread may be external or internal ) .

g. Flank : It is straight edge , which connects a crest with root

h. Major diameter : It is the diameter of an imaginary cylinder , which would touch

all the crests of external thread or roots of an internal thread

i. Minor diameter : It is the diameter of an imaginary cylinder , which would touch

all the roots of external thread or crests of an internal thread .
j. Effective diameter : It is the diameter of an imaginary cylinder , which intersect
the flanks of threads in such a way that , both , ' width of threads and width of
spaces between threads are same .

k. Pitch diameter : It is the diameter of pitch cylinder ( imaginary cylinder ) , which

is co - axial with the axis of screw , and intersects the flanks of threads in such a
way that , both width of threads ' and ' width of spaces between the threads are
equal . Please note , on straight threads , pitch diameter is same as effective
diameter

l. Included angle or Thread angle : It is the angle between the flanks of the thread
measured in an axial plane .

m. Flank angle : It is the angle between the individual flank and perpendicular
drawn to the axis of thread , measured in an axial plane . It is commonly termed
as half the thread angle .

n. Helix angle : It is defined as the angle made by helix of thread at the pitch line
with screw axis Helix angle is complementary to the lead angle .

o. Lead angle : It is defined as , " the angle made by the helix of thread at the pitch
line , with plane perpendicular to screw axis "

p. Depth of thread : It is the distance from crest of thread to root of the thread .

q. Addendum : . • For an external thread , it is the radial distance between major

cylinder and pitch cylinder • For an internal thread , it is the radial distance
between minor cylinder and pitch cylinder .

r. Dedendum : For an external thread , it is the radial distance between minor

cylinder and pitch cylinder For an internal thread , it is the radial distance
between major cylinder and pitch.
2) DIAGRAM AND DETAILS OF SCREW THREAD

3) EFFECTIVE DIAMETER
The effective diameter (often called the pitch diameter) of a parallel thread is the
diameter of the imaginary co-axial cylinder which intersects the surface of the thread in
such a manner that the intercept on a generator of the cylinder, between the points
where it meets the opposite flanks of a thread groove, is equal to half the nominal pitch
of the thread.

The major diameter of a thread is the diameter of the imaginary co-axial cylinder that
just touches the crest of an external thread or the root of an internal thread.

The minor diameter is the diameter of an imaginary cylinder that just touches the roots
of an external thread and (or) the crests of an internal thread.

The crest of a thread is the prominent part of a thread, whether internal or external

**************
4) METHODS OF MEASURING EFFECTIVE DIAMETER
There are manily two types of methods in the measurement of effective diameter
Effective Diameter Measurements The effective diameter or the pitch diameter can be
measured by . any one of the following methods :

1) Measurement of effective diameter of external thread using two wire method

2) Measurement of the effective diameter of screw plug gauge using ‘’three wire
method’’

Two wire method

Working - Effective diameter of screw thread is the diameter of pitch cylinder which is
coaxial with the axis of the screw and intersects the flanges of the thread in such way as
to make width of thread and the width of spaces between the threads equal. This is the
most important dimension as it decides the quality of the fit between screw thread
micrometer and two and three wire method. In Two Wire Method, The effective
diameter of a screw
thread is ascertained by placing two wires or rods of identical diameter between the
flanks of the thread, as shown in Fig. and measuring the distance over the outside of
these wires. The effective diameter E I s then calculated as E=T+P,
Where,
T= Dimension under the wires = M-2d,
M=dimension over the wires,
d= diameter of each wire
The wires used are made of hardened steel to sustain the wear and tear in use. These
are given a high degree of accuracy and finish by lapping to suit different pitches
Dimension ’ T ’ can also be determined by placing
wires over a standard cylinder of diameter greater than the diameter under the wires
and noting the reading R1 and then taking reading with over the gauge, say R2. Then
T=dm-(R1-R2). P=It is a value which depends upon the diameter of wire and pitch of the
thread. If P= pitch of the thread, then P= 0.866p-d (for metric thread) and Effective
Diameter E= T+P.
 **************

THREE WIRE METHOD

Working- For measurement , threaded workpiece is inserted in between two centers ,

supported on end pillars of basecarriage ( 1.e. first carriage ) . Three wires or rods of
identical diameters are placed between the flanks of thread on one side .
With the fixed anvil of fiducial indicator showing zero position or
any set value , moving anvil of micrometer is moved and adjusted such a way that , both
anvils make point contact with wires inserted between flanks , Micrometer reading is
noted at this position .
This value is known as Diameter over wires ( M ) . If d diameter
of wires used , then we can calculate , Diameter under wires , TM - 2d . To calculate
effective diameter threaded screw , we can use following relation . E = T + P where , a
value of P is added to Diameter under wires ( M ) to get effective diameter ( E ) of
threaded screw under test .

Value of P is given by ,
P =0.866
P =Pitch of threaded screw under test,and
d =diameter of wire use
Instrument used for the measurement of screw thread parameter
effective diameter

SCREW THREAD MICROMETERS

DEFINATION -
micrometer is an instrument used for making precise linear measurements of
dimensions such as diameter, thickness, and lengths of solid bodies. It is made of a C-
shaped frame with a movable jaw operated by an integral screw. The fineness of the
measurement depends on the lead of the screw while the accuracy of the measurement
depends on the accuracy of the screw-nut combination.
It is often misunderstood with the micrometer (μm) – the
standard unit of length measurement. Another common name used for a micrometer is
micrometer caliper due to its similar appearance to the caliper

Operating Principle of Micrometer

Micrometers transform small distances into large rotations of the screw that can be
read from a scale. The basic operating principle of a micrometer are as follows:
 The amount of rotation of an accurately made screw can be directly and precisely
correlated to a certain amount of axial movement (and vice versa), through the constant
known as the screw’s lead. A screw’s lead is the distance it moves forward axially with
one complete turn (360°).
With an appropriate lead and major diameter of the screw, a given amount of axial
movement will be amplified in the resulting circumferential movement.

Parts of a Micrometer
A micrometer is composed of the following parts:

 Frame – It is the C-shaped body that holds the anvil and barrel in constant relation to
each other. The frame is heavy and has high thermal mass. To prevent substantial
heating up, it is covered by insulating plastic.
 Anvil – The shiny part the spindle moves toward and the sample rests against.
 Barrel – Stationary round component with a linear scale on it.
 Screw – Found inside the barrel and is considered the heart of the micrometer.
 Locknut – Component that one can tighten to hold the spindle stationary.
 Spindle – Shiny cylindrical component that causes the thimble to move toward the anvil.
 Ratchet Stop – The device on the end of the handle that limits applied pressure by
slipping at a calibrated torque.
*************