Name: ___________________________________________ Mod: ________

Date: _______ / ________ / 2011 U1: Unit 1 FAST Review

CASE B
The government of Japan is one where the power of the Emperor is very limited. As a ceremonial
figurehead, he is defined by the constitution as "the symbol of the state and of the unity of the
people". Power is held chiefly by the Prime Minister of Japan and other elected members of the Diet,
while sovereignty is vested in the Japanese people.[1] The Emperor effectively acts as the head of
state on diplomatic occasions. Akihito is the current Emperor of Japan.  

Japan's legislative organ is the National Diet, a bicameral house. The Diet consists of a House of
Representatives, containing 480 seats, elected by popular vote every four years or when dissolved
and a House of Councillors of 242 seats, whose popularly elected members serve six-year terms. 
There is universal suffrage for adults over 20 years of age,[2] with a secret ballot for all elective
offices. In 2009, the social liberal Democratic Party of Japan took power after 54 years of the liberal
conservative Liberal Democratic Party's rule. 

The Prime Minister of Japan is the head of government. The position is appointed by the Emperor of
Japan after being designated by the Diet from among its members and must enjoy the confidence of
the House of Representatives to remain in office. The Prime Minister is the head of the Cabinet.
Naoto Kan currently serves as the Prime Minister of Japan.

Historically influenced by Chinese law, the Japanese legal system developed independently during
the Edo period through texts such as Kujikata Osadamegaki. However, since the late nineteenth
century, the judicial system has been largely based on the civil law of Europe, notably France and
Germany. 

Japan has a system of government, in which local jurisdictions largely depend on national
government financially. The Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications intervenes significantly in
local government, as do other ministries. This is done financially because many local government
jobs need funding initiated by national ministries. This is dubbed as "thirty-percent autonomy."  

The economy of Japan is the third largest in the world after the United States and the People's
Republic of China but ahead of Germany at 4th. According to the International Monetary Fund, the
country's per capita GDP was at $32,608 or the 23rd highest in 2009.

1. What type of government does this country have? (Use 1 piece of evidence from the text to prove your
answer.)
2. What type of power system does this country have? (Use 1 piece of evidence from the text to prove
your answer.)
3. What type of economy does this country have? (Use 1 piece of evidence from the text to prove your
answer.)
4. Should the United States help this country change its government? (Address the type of government,
the power system and the economy.
5. How would the United States help this country change its government? (Explain at least three things
that must be done to change the government.)

Name: ___________________________________________ U1: Unit 1 FAST Review

 CASE C
The ruling government in Cambodia from 1975 – 1979, was led by Pol Pot, Nuon Chea, Ieng Sary, Son Sen and
Khieu Samphan. The regime led by the Khmer Rouge was known as the Democratic Kampuchea.

In power, the Khmer Rouge, carried out a radical program that included isolating the country from foreign
influence, closing schools, hospitals and factories, abolishing banking, finance and currency, outlawing all
religions, confiscating all private property and relocating people from urban areas to collective farms where
forced labor was widespread. The purpose of this policy was to turn Cambodians into "Old People" through
agricultural labor. These actions resulted in massive deaths through executions, work exhaustion, illness, and
starvation.

The government In Phnom Penh and other cities, the Khmer Rouge told residents that they would be moved
only about "two or three kilometers" outside the city and would return in "two or three days." Some witnesses
say they were told that the evacuation was because of the "threat of American bombing" and that they did not
have to lock their houses since the Khmer Rouge would "take care of everything" until they returned. The
Khmer Rouge attempted to turn Cambodia into a classless society by depopulating cities and forcing the urban
population ("New People") into agricultural communes. The entire population was forced to become farmers in
labor camps.

Money was abolished, books were burned, teachers, merchants, and almost the entire intellectual elite of the
country were murdered, to make the agricultural communism, as Pol Pot envisioned it, a reality. The planned
relocation to the countryside resulted in the complete halt of almost all economic activity: even schools and
hospitals were closed, as well as banks, and industrial and service companies. During their four years in power,
the Khmer Rouge overworked and starved the population, at the same time executing selected groups who had
the potential to undermine the new state (including intellectuals or even those that had stereotypical signs of
learning, such as glasses) and killing many others for even breaching minor rules.

Cambodians were expected to produce three tons of rice per hectare; before the Khmer Rouge era, the average
was only one ton per hectare. The Khmer Rouge forced people to work for 12 hours non-stop, without adequate
rest or food. They did not believe in western medicine but instead favoured traditional peasant medicine; many
died as a result. Family relationships not sanctioned by the state were also banned, and family members could
be put to death for communicating with each other. In any case, family members were often relocated to
different parts of the country with all postal and telephone services abolished. The total lack of agricultural
knowledge by the former city dwellers made famine inevitable. Rural dwellers were often unsympathetic or too
frightened to assist them. Such acts as picking wild fruit or berries was seen as "private enterprise" and punished
by death. The Khmer language has a complex system of usages to define speakers' rank and social status.
During the rule of the Khmer Rouge, these usages were abolished. People were encouraged to call each other
"friend" or "comrade" and to avoid traditional signs of deference such as bowing or folding the hands in
salutation, known as samphea.

1. What type of government does this country have? (Use 1 piece of evidence from the text to prove your
answer.)
2. What type of power system does this country have? (Use 1 piece of evidence from the text to prove
your answer.)
3. What type of economy does this country have? (Use 1 piece of evidence from the text to prove your
answer.)
4. Should the United States help this country change its government? (Address the type of government,
the power system and the economy.
5. How would the United States help this country change its government? (Explain at least three things
that must be done to change the government.)
Name: ___________________________________________ Mod: ________
Date: _______ / ________ / 2011 U1: Unit 1 FAST Review

CASE D
The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy and unitary state. It is a country consisting of four countries:
England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. It is governed by a parliamentary system with its seat of
government in the capital city of London. There are three devolved national administrations of varying powers
in Belfast, Cardiff and Edinburgh, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Wales and Scotland respectively.

The UK has three Crown Dependencies and fourteen overseas territories that are not constitutionally part of the
UK. These territories are remnants of the British Empire, which at its height in 1922 encompassed almost a
quarter of the world's land surface, the largest empire in history. As a result, British influence can still be
observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies.

The UK is a developed country, with the world's sixth largest economy by nominal GDP and the sixth largest by
purchasing power parity. It was the world's first industrialised country and the world's foremost power during
the 19th and early 20th centuries, but the economic and social cost of two world wars and the decline of its
empire in the latter half of the 20th century diminished its leading role in global affairs. The UK nevertheless
remains a great power with leading economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence. It is a
recognised nuclear weapons state while its military expenditure ranks third or fourth in the world, depending on
the method of calculation. It is a Member State of the European Union, a permanent member of the United
Nations Security Council, and a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, G8, G20, NATO, OECD, the
Council of Europe and the World Trade Organization.

United Kingdom labour law involves the legal relationship between workers, employers and trade unions.
Labour law is one of the oldest types of law, raising a host of problems whenever one person's work depends on
the control of another. Modern labour law developed in the UK during the late nineteenth century, as workers
engaged with their employers through the prism of contractual freedom, and trade unions were legitimised in
law as economic partners. The twentieth century saw an increasing individualisation of employment rights,
forming the basic minima of mandatory rules in an employment relation. Today's labour law derives primarily
from the Employment Rights Act 1996, the Equality Act 2010, the Trade Union and Labour Relations
(Consolidation) Act 1992.

1. What type of government does this country have? (Use 1 piece of evidence from the text to prove your
answer.)
2. What type of power system does this country have? (Use 1 piece of evidence from the text to prove
your answer.)
3. What type of economy does this country have? (Use 1 piece of evidence from the text to prove your
answer.)
4. Should the United States help this country change its government? (Address the type of government,
the power system and the economy.
5. How would the United States help this country change its government? (Explain at least three things
that must be done to change the government.)