Global position system

They know where you are

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 Introduction

You must have heard the term in many

Hollywood movies.
The thing is not that complicated as you
think. It just depends on your interest.

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 Introduction

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a

U.S. space-based global navigation
satellite system.
It provides reliable positioning,
navigation, and timing services to
worldwide users on a continuous basis in
all weather, day and night, anywhere on
or near the Earth

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 How does it work
Global Positioning System satellites
transmit signals to equipment on the
ground.
GPS receivers passively receive satellite
signals; they do not transmit.
GPS receivers require an unobstructed
view of the sky, so they are used only
outdoors and they often do not perform
well within forested areas or near tall
buildings.
GPS operations depend on a very
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 How does it work
There are four satellites viewing us all day
long and at every place.
The space segment consists of a nominal
constellation of 24 operating satellites that
transmit one-way signals that give the
current GPS satellite position and time.
The control segment consists of worldwide
monitor and control stations that maintain
the satellites in their proper orbits through
occasional command maneuvers, and
adjust the satellite clocks. It tracks the GPS
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GPS constellation

You remember the first

slide?
This picture is
technically known as
GPS constellation.
These satellites
revolve around the
earth with a time
period of 12 hours.
What do you think it
is?
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 Determining position

Once you have understood what has

been told, it is easy to understand how
each GPS receiver determines it’s
position on the globe!
There are four satellites for four
purposes:
Assigning x-coordinates
Assigning y-coordinates
Assigning z-coordinates 88
 Didn’t get it?

The satellites tell us the position (all the

coordinates) according to them with the
time the signal was transmitted.
We assume the signal travelled with the
speed of light.
Knowing speed of the signal and time we
can calculate the distance of the receiver
from that satellite.

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 The logic (be careful)

A satellite's position and distance from

the receiver define a spherical surface,
centered on the satellite.
The position of the receiver should
essentially be somewhere on the surface.
Now similarly the other two satellites
have there own spheres.
As they all watch a single object, the
object must lie at exactly on the point of
intersection of all these three spheres.10
 The logic (be careful)

Two spheres meet The third sphere will

making a circle. cut the thus formed
circle at two point of
intersection.

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 When the system was created, timing
errors were inserted into GPS
transmissions to limit the accuracy of
non-military GPS receivers to about 100
meters. This part of GPS operations,
called Selective Availability, was
eliminated in May 2000.

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 What if we don’t care

a navigational fix based on the GPS

constellation would be false after only 2
minutes, and errors in global positions
would continue to accumulate at a rate of
about 10 kilometers each day!
The whole system would be utterly
worthless for navigation in a very short
time.
This kind of accumulated error is similar
to measuring my location while standing13
 Application

Originally this system was built for

military purposes but now it is open for
civilians too.
GPS weapons are not designed for
engagement of moving targets. GPS
guidance provides very efficient means
for coordinated attack, as they are
unaffected by weather, target
concealment or countermeasures.
Modern weapons are more immune
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 Application

GPS vehicle tracking is also used to

locate stolen cars, or provide services to
the driver such as locating the nearest
gas station. Police can also benefit from
using GPS tracing devices to ensure that
parolees do not violate curfew, and to
locate them if they do.
More advanced versions include aviation
GPS systems, which offer specific
features for those flying aircraft, and
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THANKS

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