Cruz John Lloyd M.

MT NP 11A3

EVALUATE:

1.If we combine GPS,GLONASS,and GALILEO (MULTI-GNSS) how many

operational satellites are available for positioning fixing?

There were normally 30 active satellites for GPS.

There were roughly 24–27 functioning satellites for GLONASS. There were
about 22–24 active satellites for GALILEO. The all three GNSS systems are
combined, there are around 76–81 operating satellites in total.

2.What are the functions of the GNSS: GPS, GLONASS, BDS, IRNSS,
AND QZSS?
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are satellite-based
networks providing location, navigation, and timing services globally. They
include GPS, GLONASS, BDS, and IRNSS, each offering unique applications
like surveying, mapping, and navigation. GPS provides precise worldwide
location and timing data, while BDS provides global positioning and timing
coverage.

3.What GNSS also known as compass?

Yes, because Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is a general

term describing any satellite constellation that provides positioning,
navigation, and timing services on a global or regional basis.

4.A GNSS also known as Michibiki?

The Japanese government created the Quasi-Zenith Satellite System

(QZSS), also known as Michibiki , a four-satellite regional satellite navigation
system and satellite-based augmentation system to improve the Global
Positioning System (GPS) run by the United States in the Asia Oceania
regions, with a focus on Japan.And that’s why we call also a part of GNSS.

5.What GNSS has an autonomous capability only?

A GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) that offers autonomous

positioning capabilities is the GPS (Global Positioning System). Without extra
help or adjustments from other sources, it is capable of autonomous location
and navigation.

6.How many orbital planes do the GPS have?

The satellites in the GPS constellation are arranged into six equally-
spaced orbital planes surrounding the Earth.

7.How many orbital planes do the GLONASS have?

 The SPACE segment of GLONASS, is formed by 24 satellites located
on three orbital planes.

8.How many orbital planes do the GALILEO have?

There three equally spaced orbital planes. Nine operational satellites,

equally spaced in each plane. One spare satellite (also transmitting) in each
plane.

9. Which GNSS was developed by French space agency?

The French space agency, CNES (Centre National d’Études

Spatiales), was involved in the development of the European GNSS called
Galileo.

10.What is the altitude of GLONASS in the outer space?

The altitude 64.8 degree inclination .

11.According to the report;which GNSS is most accurate today?

The Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) consist of GPS,

GLONASS, Galileo, and BeiDou, providing precise positioning and navigation.
Accuracy varies based on satellite geometry, receiver technology, and air
conditions.

12.What are the two (2) types atomic clock used in Galileo?

The two types of atomic clock in Galileo is the first one Hydrogen
maser atomic clock and secondary rubidium atomic clock .

13.How does DGPS works? Include the limitation of a DGPS receiver.

Installing a reference base with known coordinates is required for the

DGPS system. This real-time receiver measures the separation between itself
and every visible GNSS satellite. Numerous mistakes in the calculated
distances reduce the positioning precision.

14.How does GLONASS work? Include it’s limitation.

A space-based GNSS called GLONASS offers trustworthy timing,

location, and navigational services to users continuously and for no charge
anywhere in the world.

15. Explain qualitatively the Galileo satellite system?

GALILEO is the higher number of satellites will also improve reception

in high-rise cities, where buildings can obstruct signals from satellites that are
low on the horizon. Galileo will also provide a better coverage at high latitudes
than GPS, thanks to the location and inclination of the satellites.
EXTEND:

1.Can we use both GPS and GLONASS at the same time during sea
navigation for position fixing with or without honors?

Yes, you can use both GPS and GLONASS simultaneously for
position fixing during sea navigation. Utilizing multiple satellite systems can
enhance accuracy and reliability in determining your position at sea.

2.If with errors,what are does ?

If there are errors in GPS, GLONASS, GALILEO, and other GNSS

systems, it can affect the accuracy and reliability of location information,
potentially leading to incorrect positioning or navigation results. These errors
can arise from factors like atmospheric conditions, signal blockages, satellite
clock inaccuracies, or receiver limitations. To mitigate errors, GNSS systems
use various techniques like differential correction, error modeling, and
redundancy in satellite constellations.

3.Is it possible to use one autonomous GNSS globally ?

Yes, it is possible to use one autonomous GNSS (Global Navigation

Satellite System) receiver globally, as systems like GPS (Global Positioning
System) and other GNSS constellations provide global coverage for accurate
positioning and navigation.

4.Which one do you prefer and why?

I prefer all of this modules that I will need to pass before the dead line.

5. How important having an accurate GNSS?

Having an accurate GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) is

crucial for various applications, including navigation, surveying, agriculture,
aviation, and more. It provides precise location, timing, and velocity
information, enabling efficient operations, improved safety, and enhanced
productivity. Whether it’s for personal navigation or critical infrastructure,
accuracy in GNSS data is fundamental for reliable and effective use.