In this paper we are

AUTOMATION AND
presenting the distribution SCADA and
CONTROL OF
distribution automation & its benefits. The
DISTRIBUTION USING
application of SCADA system to automate
SCADA power for Hyderabad & Secunderabad and
Document By
streamline APCPDCL electrical distribution
SANTOSH BHARADWAJ REDDY
Email: help@matlabcodes.com
network is presented. The current situation,
Engineeringpapers.blogspot.com
More Papers and Presentations available on
present benefits, long term benefits & future
above site
needs are explained. Finally managing

ABSTRACT distribution is explained.

In every power/substation certain measurements, Introduction:

supervision, control, operation and protection Traditionally, the protective system

comprising of relays and circuit breaker were
functions are necessary.
almost independent of control systems for tap
Traditionally these functions were changer control , voltage control, data logging,

performed manually by system operator from data monitoring and routine operations.
Before 1985, the protective functions were
control rooms. With the progress in digital
segregated from control functions. With
electronics, data processing, data communication traditional electromechanical relays and earlier

and microprocessors, a host of new devices and
systems are being introduced for power system
automation. SCADA is a computer based
generation of hard-wired static relays, the
functions of protection systems were limited to
sensing faults and abnormal condition, giving
alarm, tripping circuit breaker, auto enclosing of

programmable and distributed supervisory circuit breakers. Data logging and some control
and supervision functions were manually
control and data acquisition system. It is mainly
performed by system operated from control
used for remote and local supervision and rooms.In traditional substation controls the three

control of electricity and distribution on medium functions i.e., protection, control and monitoring
were not integrated fully.
voltage level. Distribution SCADA supervises

the distribution system. In modern automatic SCADA

systems, the functions are interlinked by means
of digital processing devices and power line
carrier/radio communication links. Every The application areas of SCADA can be
power/substation has a control room the relay categorized into the following groups:
and protection panels and control panels and
man machine interface (MMI) installed in the Small SCADA systems with a selected number
control room. With the development of of functions, e.g. for distribution networks and
programmable digital systems i.e., for electrical networks of industrial complexes.
microprocessor based SCADA systems, the
entire supervisory functions, control functions, Medium-size SCADA and EMS with the full
protective functions can be combined. spectrum of functions for distribution and
subtransmission networks, and selected
The main function of distribution SCADA is to functions for generation.
control and supervision of distribution of power Large-scale SCADA and EMS with an extensive
to various consumers with minimum outage and and sophisticated range of functions for
minimum loss. transmission networks and generation.

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition Distribution SCADA supervises the distribution
(SCADA): system. Similar system architectures are used for
SCADA is a computer based power system SCADA and load SCADA.
programmable and distributed supervisory
control and data acquisition system. It is used to SCADA Process classified into three parts
improve overall system efficiency in case of both Input
capital and energy and to increase reliability of  Analog : Continuous Electrical Signals
service to essential loads .Supervisory Control Ex.Active Power (MW), Reactive
and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system enables Power(MVAR), Voltage (KV),
to control , distribution equipment from a remote Frequency (Hz).etc..
location. It provides operating information, and  Digital : Switching Signals High(1) or
perform these additional services . Low(0) Signal Ex.Breaker Close(high)
• Feasibility studies or Open(low), Isolator Closed(high) or
• System design Open(low).
• Database design Process
• Communications  The signals are converted into digital
• Project management format
• Dispatcher training  Implement protocol between Master
• Master Station specifications and Slave
• RTU specifications  It operates with Real Time Operating
System (RTO)
Output
  the results are exposed with user
friendly environment
 Through displays can be possible to
control the substation and generating
station.
Distribution Automation:
It is an integrated system concept for the digital
automation of distribution substation, feeder and
user functions.. It includes control, monitoring
and protection of the distribution system, load
management and remote metering of consumer
loads. Distribution automation systems provide
utilities the ability to optimize the operations of
their distribution systems and directly improve
reliability. Adding targeted distribution
automation capabilities can be especially
economical when they are an extension of
existing investments in SCADA and in system
operations. Distribution automation can optimize
system conditions or solve a specific problem for
a specific area or customer.
The key for distribution automation success is to
target the highest value results and not choose
the wrong technology. Interest is growing in
distribution automation as utilities look to extend
their automation beyond the substation and
leverage the breadth of new communication
technologies available.
Current Situation:
to automate and manage the power distribution
system has been evolving for a few decades now,
but has not yet been implemented widely to
achieve the highly desirable benefits of improved
customer service and retention. Today's market
conditions have made distribution automation a
critical part of every utility's operation. Markets
with highly restrictive reliability standards are
forcing utilities to monitor power quality issues
and events as never before, thus storing large
amounts of data is more necessary than ever
.Utilities are covering larger territories with the
same personnel, so it is important to optimize the
use of the communication lines by using them
for multiple applications Such as SCADA,
REMOTE IED CONFIGURATION,
VIDEO SURVEILLANCE.
Different Users, Different Needs:
Traditionally, SCADA systems have
communicated with Remote Terminal Units
(RTUs) located at the substations, or in
Distribution Automation applications, RTUs
were also located in the field. RTUs were
traditionally connected to status and control
points as well as transducers to measure Voltage,
Current, Power, Frequency and other electrical
parameters. RTUs connected in this way were
only capable of measuring parameters specific to
the transducer type they were connected to.
Information such as phase angle was not
available, so calculated parameters were not
available unless a dedicated transducer was
installed.
This situation was solved once
the "transducerless" RTUs were introduced. As
they accept direct AC inputs from Voltage and
Current transformers, "transducer less" RTUs
can measure and calculate any electrical
parameter (depending on the RTU's processing
capability). With the introduction of electronic
devices at the substation, the capability of
providing large amounts of data related to the
operation of the substations opened.
Depending on your needs, you could:
 Communicate directly with your IEDs
without using an RTU or any sort of
Data Concentrator in between.
  Configure any of your IEDs either
locally or remotely using the same
communication line as the SCADA
system.
 Retrieve non-SCADA related
information from your IEDs (events,
transients, oscillography, etc.).
 Store an unlimited amount of historical
information on any relational database
(SQL compatible), either at the
substation or at any remote location.
 Deploy as many local or remote
workstations as you need, so you can
monitor and/or control your substation
from anywhere in the world.
 Segregate the information generated at
the substation for reporting to different
"masters" (i.e. HMI, SCADA system,
Power Pool, Independent Market
operator, etc.).
 Display Video Surveillance (Live and
Recorded) over the SCADA.
Application :
SCADA system to automate power for
Hyderabad & Secunderabad and streamline
APCPDCL electrical distribution network .
APCPDCL (Andhra Pradesh Central Power
Distribution Company Ltd) commissioned a state
of the art SCADA (Supervisory Control & Data
Acquisition) system supplied by ABB India to
monitor and control the power distribution
network for the twin cities of Hyderabad and
Secunderabad. The project scope encompassed
design, supply, erection & commissioning of the
SCADA system with a control center at
Erragadda, Hyderabad for 132 kV and 33 kV
substations in and around Hyderabad and
Secunderabad. The SCADA system will provide
immediate benefits to APCPDCL in terms of
availability and quality of power as well as lower
outage and interruption time.
The SCADA system has
been installed to monitor and control all
substations in Hyderabad & Secunderabad from
a centralized location enabling complete
management of power supply to serve consumers
more efficiently. The system offers operational
advantages by integrating distribution
automation functionalities like Automatic /
Remote meter reading, Load balancing, trouble
call management etc. to facilitate effective
distribution management.
APCPDCL increase the
uptime of its network and facilitate optimum
allocation of resources. It willalso facilitate
instant remedial action to restore normalcy in
case of power outages. Load shedding can also
be programmed in a systematic manner to
avoid grid collapse and complete black out.
There are 106 substations in Hyderabad and
Secundrabad feeding the twin cities. This state-
of the-art SCADA system will facilitate
collection of all relevant information from these
substations to be sent to the central computer
system installed at the APCPDCL Control
Room. This will be done over a TDMA
backbone and over digital UHF data radios
covering an area of 1500 sq km. A similar
SCADA solution has already been implemented
by ABB for TNEB serving the city of Chennai.
Present Benefits:
 Manual meter reading is being replaced
with automatic reporting.
 Real time alarms and data give
operators the information they need to
respond quickly. The Utilities Division
can be proactive in providing quality
information to its customers.
More effective load management:.
 Improved engineering, planning,
operation and maintenance of
distributed systems.
 Effective load shedding with minimum
outage to important consumers.
 Reduced outages and increased
reliability and availability.
Long Term Benefits and Future Needs:
Power System Operators need to be
able to continue to remotely and instantaneously,
identify electrical power system failures at any
location in the distribution system. Accurate real
time alarming and historical information is
needed to continually meet the needs of a diverse
community of energy users. A continuation of
the demands for high reliability and accurate
performance and trending data is paramount.
Outage Record
Post incident analysis is required
to prevent reoccurrence of similar outages and
power failures.
Power Quality
As needed, generally after an event,
or upon query from building users power users
power quality records are requested.
Substation Security Fires and Door Alarms
Early on in the design of the SCADA
application, it was determined that fire/smoke
detectors were needed in all station switch gear
rooms. This function, along with door alarm
contacts, provides the system operators with the
ability to respond instantly to these types of
events.
Substation Battery Status
Loss of the critical function of the
battery system can be devastating for a
switchgear breaker unit and inability to trip a
faulted circuit can be a disaster. Setting low
voltage limits that alarm instantly, warns the
maintenance personnel who can respond quickly
and avert a major problem.
Switching and Paralleling Operations
Confirmation of the physical change
in operator switch position was not available
prior to the use of remote SCADA applications.
Substation Primary Transformer Status
Most substation transformer status
alarms and events are monitored by the system.
The annunciation and display of alarm
conditions ensures timely investigation of the Managers and engineers can view process data
problem. Remedial action can prevent future from their desktop whether the data is on site or
equipment damage and power outages. miles away.

Conclusion:
Distribution scada improves over
all system efficiency in use of both capital and REFERENCES :
energy. 1. DISTRIBUTION AUTOMATION
It increases reliability of service to essential BY WALTER.K.EICHELBURG
loads. 2. IEEE/PES TRANSMISSION AND
DISTRIBUTION CONFERENCE
Improves quality of supply.
Improves continuity of supply. 3. BUSINESS LINE(INTERNET
EDITION) FROM THE HINDU
Distribution automation systems provide utilities GROUP OF PUBLICATIONS
the ability to optimize the operations of their
distribution. 2. SITES:
1. WWW.APTRANSCO.COM
2. WWW.SAT-AUTOMATION.COM
3. WWW.ERCAP.ORG
DISTRIBUTION AUTOMATION SYSTEM
COMPONENTS OF SCADA SYSTEM
Document By
SANTOSH BHARADWAJ REDDY
Email: help@matlabcodes.com
Engineeringpapers.blogspot.com
More Papers and Presentations available on above site