THEORITICAL FOUNDATION OF

NURSING
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SELF- CARE DEFICIT THEORY by: DOROTHEA OREM

REPORT:

MS. SARMIENTO , LORY MAE E.

PROF. FAYE FELICIDAD R.N, M.A.N

 DOROTHEA OREM

SELF CARE DEFICIT THEORY

“Nursing is a helping profession of assisting patients overcome or

compensate for their health-associated limitations and engaging in
actions to regulate their own functioning and development or that of
their dependents.”
OREM’S THREE INTERRELATED THEORIES:
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 SELF- CARE THEORY

SELF-CARE DEFICIT THEORY

NURSING SYSTEM THEORY

 I.SELF-CARE THEORY:

·      Self
care – practice of activities that individual initiates and perform on their own behalf in
maintaining life ,health and well being

·      Self care agency – is a human ability which is "the ability for engaging in self care"
Conditioned by age developmental state, life experience sociocultural orientation health and
available resources

·      Therapeutic self care demand – "totality of self care actions to be performed for some
duration in order to meet self care requisites by using valid methods and related sets of
operations and actions“

Self care requisites-action directed towards provision of self care

3 categories of self care requisites are:--
·      Universal
·      Developmental
·      Health deviation
 THREE CATEGORIES of REQUISITES:

Universal self care requisites

·      Associated with life processes and the maintenance of the integrity of human structure and
functioning
·      Common to all , ADL
·      Identifies these requisites as:
·      Maintenance of sufficient intake of air ,water, food
·      Provision of care assoc with elimination process
·      Balance between activity and rest, between solitude and social interaction
·      Prevention of hazards to human life well being and
·      Promotion of human functioning

Developmental self care requisites

·      Associated with developmental processes/ derived from a condition…. Or associated with an event
·      E.g. adjusting to a new job
·      adjusting to body changes

Health deviation self care

·      Required in conditions of illness ,injury, or disease .these include:--
o     Seeking and securing appropriate medical assistance
o     Being aware of and attending to the effects and results of pathologic conditions
o     Effectively carrying out medically prescribed measures
o     Modifying self concepts in accepting oneself as being in a particular state of health and in specific
forms of health care
o     Learning to live with effects of pathologic conditions
 II.SELF-CARE DEFICIT THEORY:

Theory of self care deficit

     Specifies when nursing is needed
     Nursing is required when an adult (or in the case of a dependent ,the parent) is
incapable or limited in the provision of continuous effective self care

Orem identifies 5 methods of helping:

     Acting for and doing for others
    Guiding others
     Supporting another
   Providing an environment promoting personal development in relation to meet
future demands
     Teaching another
 III.NURSING SYSTEM THEORY

 Describes how the patient’s self care needs will be met by the nurse , the patient, or both

    Identifies 3 classifications of nursing system to meet the self care requisites of the patient:
·      Wholly compensatory system
·      Partly compensatory system
·      Supportive – educative system

     Design and elements of nursing system define

    Scope of nursing responsibility in health care situations
    General and specific roles of nurses and patients
     Reasons for nurses’ relationship with patients and
    The kinds of actions to be performed and the performance patterns and nurses’ and
patients’ actions in regulating patients’ self care agency and in meeting their self care demand
 APPLICATION OF THEORY

The elements of the theory clearly emphasize the need to understand the importance of self-care in the promotion and
maintenance of health and wellbeing. It is thus importance for the nurse of today to focus on the patient’s capacity and/or
ability to perform self-care activities in order to determine which self care activities will be totally performed by the patient
to a certain degree.

What is clear in the model of Orem is the emphasis on education and supportive measures. It becomes clear that nurses
today should not move away from this important aspect of clinical nursing- health teaching.