Class Bivalvia

Parts of bivalve shell

 ANISOMYARIAN. Shell with the anterior adductor muscle
much reduced or absent.

HETEROMYARIAN. With one adductor muscle (anterior) much reduced.

ISOMYARIAN. With two adductor muscles equal in size, or almost so.

HINGE AREA NOMENCLATURE

Heterodont- With distinctly differentiated cardinal and lateral teeth.
Dysodont- With small, weak teeth close to beaks.
Pachydont- With heavy, blunt, amorphous teeth.

Schizodont- With one tooth, median of left valve, broad and bifid.

Taxodont- numerous alternating small teeth and sockets occur

along the hinge of a bivalve shell, some or all
transverse to the hinge margin.
 Types of bivalve hinge teeth

Dysodont
Heterodont

Taxodont Schizodont

Pachydont
 Life habits of bivalves
Epifaunal suspension feeder, one valve cemented to
substrate (oysters)
Epifaunal suspension feeder, attached by byssus (mussels)
Infaunal siphonate suspension feeders, rock boring (Pholas)
Infaunal non-siphonate suspension feeder, partly buried (pen
shells)
Infaunal non-siphonate deposit feeder, partly buried (nucula)
Infaunal siphonate deposit feeders, completely buried
(Yoldia, tellina)
Infaunal mucus tube feeder, deeply buried (lucinids)
Infaunal siphonate suspension feeder, deeply buried (Mya,
Mercinaria)
Infaunal siphonate carnivores (Cuspidaria)
a)-(d) Surface dwelling, suspension-feeding bivalves: (a)
Crassostrea, a cementer; (b) Pecten, a bivalve capable of short
pulses of swimming; (c), (d) Pinctada (pearl oyster) and Mytilus
(mussel), moored to the substrate by organic threads. (e)-(o)
Bivalves living within rock or sediment substrates: (e) Pholas, a
rock-borer; (f) Hiatella, a rock nestler; (g), (h) Nucula and
Yoldia, shallow-burrowing deposit feeders; (i) Atrina, a
semiinfaunal bivalve; (l) Mya, a relatively deep infaunal
suspension feeder: (m) Mercenaria, a shallow infaunal
suspension feeder; (n) Tellina, infaunal deposit feeder: and (o)
Cuspidaria, an infaunal carnivore.
Diagram of parts of typical Pholas shell
Nucula sulcata
Yoldia glauca
Lucina

Cuspidaria
nobilis
Mya arenaria
 Subclass Pteriomorphia
 Epibenthic; most are attached by
byssus threads; with lamellibranch
gills; includes mussels, scallops,
penshells, and oysters
 Order Arcoida
Mostly epibyssate, some cemented; mostly
marine; shell solid, elongate or circular-oval,
often heavily ribbed; periostracum fibrous; well-
developed taxodont dentition; hinge straight;
filterfeeders

Arca clathrata Arca turonica

Arca barbata
 Order Arcoida

Anadara ovalis, Brugiere

Anadara notabilis
Anadara granosa
 Order Mytiloida
Two valves equal except in oysters and some
scallops, but each very inequilateral

Mytilus edulis
 Pinna nobilis
Perna viridis
Mytilus edulis

Pteria penguin
Pinctada margaritifera
 Crassostrea gigas

Ostrea edulis
Chlamys nobilis
S. japonicus Spondylus imperialis

Pecten
 Subclass Paleoheterodonta
Order Unionoida (freshwater bivalves)

Unio tumidus

Anodonta cignea
 glochidia
conglutinate
 Subclass Heterodonta- shell w/o
nacreous layer; siphons usually present; gills
lamellibranchiate
Order Veneroida

Dreissenia polymorpha

Callista erycina
(Venus clams)
Trachycardium magnum
Tridacna gigas
 Order Myoida

Pholas sp. (Pholadidae)

Teredinidae (woodboring shipworms)

Bactronophorus
thoracites

Teredo navalis