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IP Addressing
• Internet Protocol (IP)
10001100.10110011.11011100.11001000
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
Binary Octet:
1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
128 + 0 + 0+ 0+ 8 + 4+ 0 + 0 = 140
Address Classes
(32 Bit Address 232 = 4.2 billion possible addresses)
Class A:
NNNNNNNN.HHHHHHH.HHHHHHHH.HHHHHHHH
Class B:
NNNNNNNN.NNNNNNNN.HHHHHHH.HHHHHHHH
Class C:
NNNNNNNN.NNNNNNNN.NNNNNNNN.HHHHHHHH
140.179.220.200
• Our example is a Class B address
• By default, the Network part of the address is defined by
the first 2 octets: 140.179.x.x
• By default, the Host part of the address is defined by the
last 2 octets: x.x.220.200
– 140.179.0.0
– 140.179.255.255
The highly dreaded….
SUBNETTING
Subnetting
• Subnetting an IP network can be done for
various reasons including:
– Organization
– Use of different physical media
– Preservation of address space
– Security
– Control network traffic
Example Class A
• Efficiency
– Non-subnetted networks are wasteful
– Division of networks not optimal
• Smaller Network
– Easier to manage
– Smaller broadcast domains
Subnet Mask
• Subnet masks are applied to an IP
address to identify the Network portion
and the Host portion of the address.
Class B - 255.255.0.0
11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
Class C - 255.255.255.0
11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
Logical Bitwise AND Operation
• Remember our example?
– 140.179.240.200
In Binary:
10001100.10110011.11110000.11001000
11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
10001100.10110011.00000000.00000000
NNNNNNNN.NNNNNNNN.NNNNNNNN.NNNHHHHH
• Above is how the computer will see our new subnet mask,
but we need to express it in decimal form as well:
255.255.255.224 128+64+32=224
What address is what?
206.15.143.33 or 32+1
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
And the last address in the Network will look like this:
206.15.143.62
0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0
11001000.00001111.10001111.01011001= 200.15.143.89
11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000 = 255.255.255.224
11001000.00001111.10001111.01000000 = 200.15.143.64
24-2=14
24-2=14