'death are related

to respiratory says Dr D Ranganathan,

-disease,
charge),lnstituteof ThoracicMedicine. director(in-

Mumbai:Not onlyare levelsof suspendedparticulate

limitsin Mumbai'but the worst pollutant Matterabovepermissible
aftervehicuraremissionshas grown
an alarming rate' The levels of at
Respirablesuspendeclparticulate
(RSPM)'or dust'in Mumbai's Matter
air havecontinuedto increaseover
years. the pastthree
The air pollutionin Mumbaiis so high
that Mumbaiauthorities havepurchased
42'000litresof perfumeto sprayon
the city'senormouswastedumps
and Mulundlandfillsitesafterpeople at Deonar
livingnear the landfillsitescomplained
the stench'The Deonarfandfilisite, of
one oi lndiu', largest,was firstusedby
Britishin 1927'Today,the festeringpile the
coversmorethan 120 hectaresand is
eightstory,shigh.

These citiesare on the world Health

organization'slist of top most polluted
cities' Vehicleexhaust,untreatedsmoke,
and untreatedwater all contributeto
the problem'continuedeconomicgroMh,
urbanization, and an increasein the
numberof vehicles,togetherwith lax
enforcementof environmentallaws, wilt
resultin furtherincreasesin pollutionlevels.concernwithNewDelhi,s
got so bad thatthe supremecoufi air quality
recentlysteppedin and placeda limiton
numberof newcar registrationb the
in the capital.
The effectsof air pollutionare obvious:
rice crop yieldsin southernIndia are
fallingas brownclourds blockout moreand moresunlight.And the
of the famous Tai Mahal is slowly fading brilliantwhite
to a sickly yellow.In the famous
"Tajmahalcase" a very strong step
was taken by supreme court to save the
Tajmahalcase beingpollutedby fumes
and morethan200 factorieswereclosed
down.rn the caseof shatistarol 1gg0,
ArR 1gg0sc 630 (pp.Bto 13),supreme
court declaredin a cleartone that a citizen
has rightfor a decentenvironrnent !n
his livingarea.

Riverwaterpollution;
Fully80 percentof urbanwastein India
endsup in the country,s
r!vu.rs,
and
uncheckedurbangroMh acrossthe country
combinedwith poor government
oversight
meansthe problemis onlygellingworse.A growing
numberof bodies
of waterin lndia are unfitfor humanuse, and in the RiverGanga,holy to the
countrt's82 percentHindumajority,is dyingslowlydue to uncheckedpolluiion.
NewDelhi'sbodyof wateris littlemorethana flowinggarbagedump,withfully
57 percentof the city'swastefindingits way to tlre Yarnuna.lt is that threebillion
litersof wasteare pumpedinto Delhi'sYamuna(RiverYamuna)each day. Only
55 percentof the 15 millionDelhiresidentsare connectedto the city'ssewage
system.The remainderflush their bath water, waste water and just about
everythingelse down pipes and into drains, rnost of them empty into the
Yamuna.Accordingto the Centrefor Scienceand Environment, between75 and
B0 percentof the river'spollutionis the resultof raw sewage.Combinedwith
industrialrunoff,the garbagethrowninto the riverand it totalsover 3 billionliters
of wasteper day. Nearly20 billionrupees,or almostl.JS$1500 lnillion,has been
spenton variouscleanup efforts.
The frothy brew is so glaring that it can be viewed on Google Earth.
Much of the river pollutionproblemin India comes from untreatedsewage.
Samplestaken recentlyfromthe GangesRivernearVaranasishowthat levelsof
fecalcoliform,a dangerousbacteriumthat comesfrom untreatedsewage,were
some3,000percenthigherthanwhatis considered safefor bathing.

Groundwaterexploitation:
Groundwater exploitationis a seriousmatterof concei'ntoda.yand legislations
and policymeasurestakentill date, by the stategovernments(urateris a state
subject)havenot had the desiredeffecton the situation.

PlasticPollution:
Plasticbags, plasticthin sheets and plasticwaste is also a major source of
pollution.

solidwaste:
Municipal
India'surbanpopulation fromthecurrent330milli,rnto about
slatedto increase
600millionby 2030,the challenge of managing solidwaste(MSW)in
municipal
 an environmentally
and economically sustainablemanneris b'und to assume
giganticproportions'The country
has over s,000 cities a'cJ towns,
generateabout40 milliontonnesof Msw peryear which
The EnergyResearch today. Going by estimatesof
Instittrte
(TERI),thiscouldwellttucn
per year by 2a47. ieo milliontonnes
rvuv'|, 4

Municipalsolid waste is solid waste

generatedby househords, commercial
' establishments and officesand does not inctudethe industrial
waste' Municipalsolid waste management or agricultural
is more of an adminrstrative and
institutional
mechanismfailureproblemrather
than a technofogicarore. untir
now' MSW managementhas
been considered,to be armost
responsibilityof urban governments, the sore
withouttho participationof citizensand
other stakehorders.The centre and the supreme court,
thatthis issuebe addressed however,have urged
withmultiplestakeholderparticipation.
spend approximately20% of the cities in India
city budget on *oiio waste senrices.

Pollutiondue to Mining:
New Delhi-based centrefor scienceand Environment (csE) on Decemberzg,
2007 said min':n causingdisplacement,
:l-- poilution,forest degradationand
socialunrest'The csE releasedits 356-pagesixth state of India,s
repofi''RichLandsPoor People,is sustainable Environment
miningpossible?,Accordingto
the centre for science and Environment
( csE) report the top 50 mineral
producingdistricts,as many as
34 fall under the 150 most backward
identifiedin the country. districts

The csE reporthas rnadeextensive

analysisof environmentdegradation
polfution
dueto mining,whereinit hassaid,in and
2005-06alone1.6billiontonndsof
wasteand overburdenfrom coal, iron
ore, timestoneand bauxitehave added
environment pollution.with the annualgrowth to
of miningat 10.7 per cent and
500'odd mines awaitingapprovalof
the centre, threpolluiionurnukj incre.se
manifoldin the comingyears.

In Orissastate, in the next five

to 10 yss15,Jharsugudawill be honne
productionof 3'1 milliontonne to
aluminum"This, rrowever,will generate
tonneof fluorideeveryyear.similarly, 0,100
the state is gearlngup for powerprojects
rnostlycoal-based- targeting20,000 -
megawatt energy.This will requirero.z lakh
tonneof coaldailywhichin turncan leadlo
gun*rationof '1,200 tonnna,sha cfav,.
 The minesof Mahanadicoal Fielcls
and NTpc drawabout2s cr litres
per dayfromthe RiverBrahmani of water
and in returntheyrerease thousands
of waste water, which c.ntains of garons
obnoxious substances like
oil, Heavy Metars,Grease, FruoricJes, phosphorus,Ammonia, Ash,
sulphuricAcid' into the River Nandira Urea and
(A tributaryof River Brahmani).
effluentsfrom chlorineplant cause The
chloric]eand socliurntoxicityto the
Rushikulya - the lifelineof southernorissa.The phosphoric river
- discharges Fertilizer
lndustry
effluentcontaining Nitric,sulphuricand phosphoric
Mahanadi. acidsinto river
Besides'there is emissionof sulphur
dioxicle. The emissions at Jharsuguda
alonewill be higherthanthat of all refineries
in Indiaput together.Jharsuguda
willalsosee 12 milliontonnesteelannually
beingproducecl yvhenthe projectsgo
on stream'This will mean generatio n of 20 nrilliontonne of solicJwaste every
year.
ln Jharkhand the'e are abundantcoalmines, nrostof tlrecoalnrinesare situatei,
in Hazaribag, chatra,Palamau,Rajmahal, Dhanbadand Ranchidistrict.Mightl'
DamodarRiverand its tributaries flowthrorighthesecoalrnines.
coal miningand vigorousgrcwthof industries Dueto extensive
in this arealvaterresoLrrces have
beenbadlycontaminated' The habitantshave,however,beencornprornising
takingcontaminated by
and sometimespollutedwater,as there is no
sourceof safe drinkingwater.Thus, a sizeable alternative
populacesuffersfi,ornwater
bornediseases.Besidesmining,coal basedindustries
likecoalwasheries, col<e
oven plants,coal fired thermalpower plants,
steet plants and other related
industriesin the region atso greatly impart
towarcs degradation.f tl-re
environmental equalityandthe humanhealth.

Pollutiondueto biomedical
waste:
Pollutiondue to biomedicalwa.steis likelyto spreaddiseasedangerous
and makingatmospherenoxiousto healtlr. to life
on February27, zoagMoclasa,s in
Gujaratdeadlyhepatitis-B trail has led investigators
to a lnajornleclicalwaste
recyclingracketin Ahmedabad'sown bactyalo
where u *nopprng50 tonne
biologicalwaste,includingsyringes, needles,lV setsandvials,was impouncled.
This ilfegallyprocuredwastestoredin godowns
couldexposethe city and the
wholestateto the threatof notjust hepatitis-B
but otherdeadr5r
infectionsspreacl
throughintravenaltreatments.usuallysuch
waste has to be segregatedancl
 IntroductFosT

Environmentalpollutionis contamination of air, rryater

anri land from man-
madewaste'Pollutionleadsto depletion
of the ozonelayer,globalwarmingand
climatechange'Air pollutionis the release
of chemicalsand particlesinto the
atmosphere'water polh-rtion includessurfacerunoff,leakageinto grounclwater,
liquidspills,wastewater
dischargeand littering.lf toxinsare spilled
or if an undergroundstoragetank leaks, on the ground
.or-l become'contaminated. well
known contaminantsincludeherbicides "un
and pesticicles. Toxic waste is waste
material'often in chemicalform, which polh.ries 'natural
the enrzironment and
contaminatesgrouncJwate r.

poltutionin tndia:
Environmental

The environmentalproblemsin lndia are growing

rapidly.'l'lre increasing
economicdevelopmentand a rapidlygrowing
popurationthat has taken the
countryfrom 300 millionpeopletn 1947to more
than one billionpeopletodayis
puttinga strain on the environment,
infrastructure,and the country,snatural
resources'Industrialpoltution,soil erosion,
deforestation,rapidindustrialization,
urbanization'and land degradation are all worseningproblems.overexptoitation
of the country'sresourcesbe it land or water
and the industrialization process
has resultedenvironmental degradation of ,u*ori""". ;;rrr*mental pollutionis
one of the most seriousproblemsfacing
humanityanclcther life forms on our
planettoday.

with India'spopulationat 1.2 billionpeopleancJcounting,plusinternal

rnigration
to urbanareasfromthe countryside, economic
the counuu'r are burstingat
the seams' Housingshortages,electricity "n'"s
and water cuts, traffic congestion,
pollutionand a lack of basic services
are the reality for millions.The
demographers are predicting
that lndiawill add threeto four hundredmillion
peopleto its population. nev"r
ove!.the next40 years.
 destroyedin an incinerator'
Butthe hugequantityof
werebeingprobabryrepackaged " vr wa.ste
vv...,.e
found
iuunoin the godown
andsord.

Polfutiondue to e_Waste:
Accordingto the latestreport
releasedby MAlr (Manufacturers,
lnformationTechnorogy), Association for
fndiaproducesabout3,80,000
annum'whichincludesonly the tonnes of e-waste per
wastegeneratedout of terevision
phonesand PCs' a major sets,
chunkof wtricrrcomesfrom organizations. mobir
the e-wasteotherElectrical Incluc,in
and Electronic*qrip**nts (EEE)
be a much largervolume"The in India,it wou!d
un-organized recyclingsector which fails to
practiceeco-friendly e-waste recyclingmethodsrerease
chemicals'The toxic gases and rargeamountclf toxic
the large volunreof Electronic
environmental Pollutionin India.Tilldate,th*ru waste Adrjs
Indiato regulatethe management wereno definitee-wasterulesin
of e-waste But in septernber200g,
GTZ (GermanTechnicalcooperation MAlr ,
Agency),Greenpeace aird Toxicsl-ink,in
consultationwitli all stakeholders,
submitteda set of cjraftrules fcr
management to Govtof tndia. e-w,rr;st

Greenhouse
GasEmissions: :
Indiaemitsthe fifth most carbon
of any countryin the worrd.At
metrictons, onry the u.s., china, 2s3 mirio'
Russia,ancfJapan surpassedits
carbonemissionsin 1998'carbon reverr:f
emissionshavegrownnine-ford
fotly years' In this Industrial overthe past
Age, with the ever-expancJing
hydrocarbon fuels and the resultantincrease consurnptionof
greenhousegas concentrations in carbon cJioxiJe
emission*s, that
have reachedrevers
Goingforward,carbonemissions changer.
are forecastto grow"ur*ing-crinrate
g.z% per annum ,.rntil
202CI'To put this in perspective,
carbon emissionslevels are estir.nated
increaseby 3'9% for china and tc
by 1-g%for the unitedstates.
Annex I countryunder the United IncJiais a non-
NationsFrameworkconvention
housegases and climatechange, on Greerr
and as such, is not requirerJto recJuce its
 carbonemissions' An historical
summaryof carL*rndioxicje (co:) enrission*s
lrcnr
fossilfuelusein Indiais increasingrapidry
andcausesgrobar warming.
All inhabitants of our planethave an equalrightto
industrialized the atmosphere, but the
countrieshavegreatlyexceededtheir
planet'satmosphericresources fair, per-capitashareof the
and have inducedclima.te change.Tlre most
developedcountriespossessthe capital,
technological and hunranresorrrces
requiredfor successfuladaptation,while
in the developingcountries,a large
proportion of the populationis engagedin traditionalfarmin[,ihat is pai-ticularly
vulnerable to the changesin temporature, rainfailanclextremeweatherevenis
associated withclimatechange.
According to the uN Framework conventionon crimatechangeancftire Kyoio
Protocol, the most industrialized
countriesare ;;;ry'r".'"r.'ole
climatechange.Thus equity requires for causing
that they shourdur,urp[r*r;;;ffi"i,
emissionsin order to arrestfurtherclimate
changeand allow other countries
accessto theirfairshareof atmosphericresources in orderto deverop.

Pollutionof IndianSeas:
The ship Platinum-ll arrivedin Indianwaterson g october,200grhe
environmentand forests said it inspectedplatinum-ll ministryof
and found the ship
containedtoxicmaterial. The Platinum-tl formerry
- knownas ss oceanicoi.the
ss Independence - was destinedfor the Alangship-breakingyard.
MaritimeBoardleasesout the yard to ship-breakers. The Gujarat
tt is Asia,slargestship-
breakingyard arrdknownas the "graveyard
of ships,,.
Thousandsof shipsfrom
around the world come to this section
of Gujaratstate,scoasline to be
dismantled' workersmanuallytake aparthugeliners,past
theiyprime,with very
basictools'A reportcommissioned by the tnoiungovernment
showedthat one in six workersat the Alang three years ago
shipyarcr
showeclsignsof ashestos
poisoning'lt said manyof the workers
tested.r,o**J;;il;; of asbestosis-
an incurable diseaseof the lungs..
GHAPTER-II
 3

ectiv of the L
To create awarenesson the environmentalpolir"ltiorr
caused becauseoj
wasremanagement on Jahaanleatherinclustry.

This researchwork covers the waste managernentmade by Jahaa

leather industry and environment pollution caused rJue to the
waste
management.

BesearchMethodolgq\G i
This empiricalanalysis is based primary and secondarydata of
unpublished
sourcesof kovursugarindustries.

Limitationslr
Thisprojectcoverthe periodfromA00S-2010.
CHAPTER.III
CHAPTER.IV
 J a h a a nL e a th e rIn d ust ry:

Ch e n n aiTami
, lN adu,l ndi a

Leatherproducts

Manufacturer,
Export,
Import

JahaanleatherExportsis one of
the fastestgrowingreathermanufacturing
factoriesin chennaia busyhub
of a leatlre'manr:facturing in :;cuifiernpari
o f l n d i a 'w e are manufac ture rasn d
s u p p lie r so f f in is h e dle a t h e rv. e g e t a b le
ta n n e dleather& A ni l i nel eathe r .

Jahaancatersto the needsof American

and Europearrmarkeiswith fl-reir
qualityfinishedleathers'Ail finishing
chemicars
are iripc;rter-r
frcr' itaiyand
Germany.

The qualitymade by Jahaan is

appreciatedworldwideancJis currenilr/
u se di n the TOp B R A N D E Dl ad ie s
bag man{jfacturinq.
Gompany:
Managing
Directon

Manager

Executives

Workers
 Processin JalraanLeather
lndr*stny:
Leatheris made,from animal
skinsor hideswhichhave
to preserve
qualityand naturui'o"autv been chernicarytreated
rawanimalhidesfor useis ir".,L'.r,"*i.urprocedure usedto readv
caltec lA'piece ,it r..'io-
beentannedproduces;:i;"il; 1a-nning"' skinwhichhai
spoilage. flexibre
l*itl-'*r'whichis abreto"rresrstdecavand

Themajority
of leathermadetodayis produc"d

iff;,1*:mf.::jf'Xm:?,;
[ilJ':iffi;:"?: "fiXl",,
,l tannedcatuehides,though
piss,s;;r.]
il:T
f

STAGESOF TANNING:
Raw animar .kl:
.oo.lh.rguohseveral steps during the tanning process.
ffiflll,il and
T"?YnU,$;iseothed*!i,"0
*n6lp.Jurr
,n*Jt"pu
t"1ln

CURING:
Animalskins or hidesare first
a processwhichinvorvessarting
dryingthe hideonceit'sbeenstripped'troritiltanimar,
."cured.," ancJ/or
to be performedalmostitm"oLt"ly Becausethisstepneeds
uponremivatfromthe animal,
it oftental<es
or
ata riearoy
fJXr""'||',1"J[:ffat-pac[ing-in,Juit,"f factory.
Hides
canbecr,recl
wet-saltingis d:1" by salting
the hideand thenpiringmany
skinstogetheruntil
U",,,'J#,:,:il Jt",l';
tl'#'*r:f i,:t $:iljJr,:. i#";;, "iiil,*otha*hesa,t
Brine-curing
is morecommonthanwet-safting,
as it,sconsidereda faster,easier
method'Duringbrinecuring,hides
arepositioned
carefulfyin vatsanclsmotherec!
 yJk #f H:."J,'""il|H'[tff:"*jl."j#- 16hours,*reskinsareco
:f mpIereIy

SOAKING:
Once the hides.have been cured,
hoursto severaldays.Th; they are then soakedin rryater
;;;r herpst" |.ic'ines*in of for severa
andexcessanimalfats. sart,criit,debris,brocc

FLESHREMOVAL:

fltr;:TJl?":"f,?,*ff:. aremoved
through
a niachine
whicii
strips
therres

I-IAIRREIUOVAL:
The hides are then transported
to a large vat, where they are
glliiili'lll", Jil:n:
#, j du"J'o,t
u,frerar.rbJu
i
imrnersedi,.,a

""fi: i,*n::T## il :;
SCUDDING;
stray hairsand fat which were
missedby machine,
are removecjfrorn the hide
yitl"iiiffffi.too'ordullloniiJ
ina proc""u
r,iro*n
as,,scuddins",,scuc is

DELITTflING:
Afterthe hairand debrishas
beencteanedfromthe skin,
' vat of acid' Afterthe lime rras lrirjeb^
ar-fri
defirrrerr
in ;r
ueen;;ffi fromthe skin,hides
arc trerateri
viiith
 enzymes,whichsmooththe grainof the leather
product ancJh elpto maketire resultino
softandflexible.

TANNING:
Hidesand skinsare oftentreatedseveral
timesduringthe processof tanning.
Whichtype of tanningprocedureis used,depends
the resulting largelyon the hide itseftan"J
productfniended.

VEGETABI-E
TANNING:
Hides which have been tanned with a vegetable
tannirigagent sr:luticrrp;-i:cjuce
flexible'but stiff leathers,such as those uJed
in luggage,furiritur.e,
leashes,belts,
hats, and harnesses.

vegetabletanningconsistsof stringinghides
on largeframes,locatedinside
largevats,and exposingthemto tannin,a natural
piocluctfoundin.theba"rk,
wood'leavesandfruitsof chestnut,oak and hemlocktrees.Hidesai.etransferred
to many different.bins.
duringthis step, each containinga strongei.sop:tion
tannin.vegetabretanningpreventsthe'skinfrom of
crecayandshrinkage.

MINERAL
TANNITTG:
Minerator chrometanningis performedon
skinsurhich
stretchierleathers,such as those found in purses, will be used for softer,
gloves,boots,jackets, pants,andsanc1als. bags, briefcases,shoes,

Hideswhichare tannedwithmineralsare pickled

firstin an acirjand saltmixture.
Fromthere,hidesare soakedintoa chromium-sulfate
muchfasterthanvegetabre solution.'rhis prncessis
tanning,and is usuailva 1-crayprojecr.
DYEING
PHOCESS:
Depending on the desiredproduct,
the hidesthen go thror-iglra dy,eingprocess
whichalso involvesaddingmoistureback into the skin.l".lides
yvhichhave been
vegetabletannedare bleachedand them soakedwith oils,soap,s,greases
and
waxesto makethem morepfiable.

RO LL IN G:
Rollingleatherrunningthe skinsthrougha machine,which worlqsto firm the
leatherto makeit stronger.

Afterthe rollingprocesshas finished,

leathersare streiched,
wherethey dry r:u
in a heatcontrollecl
room.

FINISHING
COMPOT,!
I{E :
the skin."l-hisis doneby
The finalstepin the tanningprocessinvolvesfinishing
coveringthe grainsurfacewitha chemicalcomporlncl and thenLlrushing it" l-.igt
leathersare buffedand sandpapered to coverimperfections.
L"eathers whichare
buffedfor longperiodsof timebecomesuede.

Waxes,pigments, dyes,glazes,oils,waxesand othersoluti<ins

are alsoaddedto
makethe leathermoreappealing to the buyer"
NASAresearchfindings:
Latestresearchfindingsby NASAand StanfordUnlversity indicatethataerosol
pollutionwill slow down winds, impactingnorrnalrainfa!lpattern in tropical
countries.The unique combinationof meteoroloEy, landscape(relativelyflat
plainsframedby the Himalayas to the northand open oceanto the south),ancl
the largepopulation maximizethe effectsof aerosolpolh-rtiorr
in lndia. The skies
over Nofth Indiaare seasonallyfilledwith a thick soup of aerosolparticlesall
along the southern edge of the Hirnalayas,streaming southward over
Bangladesh andthe Bayof Bengal.Mostof tlrisair pollution con-,esfromhuman
activities.
Accumulation of aerosolparliclesin the atmospherealso makesclouCsiast
longerwithoutreleasingrain.This is becauseatmospheric waterfornrsdeposits
on naturally occurringparlicles,
likedust,to formclouds.Bul if thereis pollution
in the atmosphere, the water has to clepositon m{li'eparticles.Thus it carises
lesserrain,

EnvironmentalPolluticnand ehronlcdiseasies:
\
ln an Indo-US jointworkshop,on September 05, 2008at Cirandigarh,
ProfS K
Jindal said it has beengloballyrecognisedthat environi'nental factors,have
importantlinkswith infectiousas well as non-infectiousdiseasesof bcth acute
and chronicnature."The WHO estinratesthat ?-4per cent of globaldisea.se
burdenand 23 per cent of all deathscan be attributedto environmentalfactors.
The burdenis moreon the developing than the developedcounirie$."Flesa!d:
"fn developingcountries,an estimated42 per cent of acute lowerrespiratory
infections
arecausedby environmental factors."
The majorburdenof thesehazardsis borneby the lungs.Bronchial asthmaand
otherallergies;chronicobstructive lung disease,respiratory
infectionsincluding
tuberculosisand occupational lungdiseasesare someof the comnnon problems
with a strongenvironmental risk which,accountfor a largecliseaseburdenall
overthe world,includingin India."Thereis a needfor extensir"re to gauge
studies.
the effectsof environmentalfactorson tlre hunranhealth""
According to New EnglandJournalof Medicine,
2007,evena shortexposureto
trafficfumescan increaseyourchancesof heartdisea.se,
includirrg
heartattacl<"
Peoplewho exercisein areaswherethereis heavytrafficmay be especiallya!
risk,researcherssay.
 Graph.g

Leather:

LeatherAs Per $quare $:eet

900
400
/"
:i
1UU

tf uu a"
500
a Leather A s pet. S rr,.tarr:
Feet
:r00

J0 0
B t:1*% --._::W:; __: %. ___W" ; ;'
2000 t0a7 I,UUO 2009

ln 2008reatherproduction
is rowbecauseof powershortage.
In 2006the leatherproduction is 650sq. f
750s q'f in 2 0 0 8 t h e l e a t h e rp r o d u ctio n , in Zoartheleatherproduction is
production is' s7 ssq .f,
a n d in 2 0 0 9 th e leathe
is 900sq.f.
 Sleg:

SlegAs penUnit
300

250

200

15 0

100

50

In 2006 the Sleg productionis 200units,

in 2a07the sleg pi.oductiorr
is
2008the sleg procluction
is lsouniis and in 200ethersleg production
3',8,i;r'inin
Split Board:

Split BoardAs per SquareFee.f

400

350

300

250

200
-*-Split Boar:dl5,spei-Square
15 0 Feet

10 0

50

In 2006 the split boarclproductionis 300sq.f,in 200)' tire

productionis 300, in 2008the splitboardproduction eplit board
is 200sq.f,ancJin 200gthe
splitboardproduction is B50sq.f.
LeatherPrice:

ln 2006the leatherpriceis Rs50per sq.f, in 2A07the leatherpriceis Rs60

persq.f, in 2008the leatherpriceis Rs70per sq.fand in 2009the leatherprice
is
RsB0persq.f.
L e a t h e rS e l l i n gp r i c e :

In 2006 the reatherseilingpriceis Rs B0 per sq.f,in :].407the leathei"

sellingpriceis Rs go persq.f,in 2008the leatherseilingpriceis Rs 1 0 0p e r
sq .f
andin 20 0 9t l r el e a t h esre l l i n g
pr iceis Rs 1 2 0p e rsq .f.
CHAPTER.V
 SUggegtiqrrm
h
waste management
is an ongoingissuethat
partsof the worrd'There has to be deaitr,vithin
is no fast sorution how arl
of wasteproduceddaily, we n;a;; ,n- riasramounr
neverlheless
- -'!'iv' vse there 'o
L.' r ir edr , ",
aree vatous ways it can
be
a n d h a n d re d . or ga ni z ed

Environmental Servicesdeal in all areas

ol lvaste management
resourcerecoveryand aird
can help you out with your
Irtdrrstrial
service_.s,
such as
Industriaf
Cfeaningand Facilities l\4anagement.
Their main role is to help
you purtinto operationpractical,
sustainable rnodernand
WasteManagemeni and IndustrialServicessofutions
the public'sfundamental ilrai vyillmeet
daily neeclsand, in turn,
impr-ovethe sui.:.t:undirrc
environment.
Facifitie's
managementservicesinclucie
a wide range cf soruticr-rs
lndustriafcfeaningarid r.cr
have the resourcesto deai ,,ruith
operationafmanagement' inrsr esprscls0f
This inclrdes r,vaste rnanagernent,
Maintenance, Highpressure Buircjinc
water Bfasting,vacuum
Loading,piperineInspection
Rgpair'Refractoryservices cieaning ancl
and Protectivecoatings.'rhey
into pfacea plan that wiri he;rpyoLrto put
will allow for the safe antj
' products efficientremovalof a, waste
and offerhighryeffectivecreaning
sorutions.
waste and resourcemanagement
offers completesolrrlions
coffectionand disposafof all industriaf for the
wasteincruding rrazardous
construction wasteand burk
ancjindustrialwaste.You
can finrJincrLrsiv,e
sorutionsa,,iairabre
the controfand management fcl.
of onsiteand offsitewaste.
Vacuum loading is usecl
to cleari up s'icck spills
dislodging' ancj fiitr"atetar.rl<s,
cfeaningtanks ancJprecipitator
cleaning.A great berr.fit
vacuumunits is how easy of rirese
they remcvedebrisfrorn
lagoonswithoutremoving boilom r_rfponcrsaricf
sudaceliquids. 're
 co[a,LL'_Smru
The leatherindustrywill have
some byproductslike sleg,
splitboardand designboard. leatherboard.

By the byproductsthe industrywilf get some

moneyas profitwith that the
economycan be grown'The
byproductsare the rikesecondary
industry' procructsof the
By setingof the byproducts
the companies havesomeincome.
As per my researchon this project
cameto knowaboutthe byprociucts
the leatherindustryand how of
they are used,the procjuction
of the byprodr-rctsin
leatherindustryits yearwise
datafor 20CI6-2a10, the price0f the reathei^
priceof the byproductfor anrlthe
the year 2006-2010, how the envir'nmenteffects
to the pollution, due
howtheyreducedthe poilution
to il-reenvironff)er.1t.
 Sqes_trgnetrg
1) what aretheby-products
of theleather
inciustrv?
' Sleg

o Leatherboard

r Spilt board

o Designboard

2) Givedetairof the by-product

datafromthe year2006..2009?

i) How much raw materiarwiil you get

from reathertanninq?

2006 2AA7 2008 2009

LEATHER 700sq.f
TANNING 800sq.f 600sq.f 1000
sq.f

ii) After finishlngthe raw materials,how

rnuchieatherwill he !*ft cut?

2006 2,007 2008 | pnno

LEATHER 6 5 0 sq .f 750sq.f 575.sq.f 900sq.f
 iii) Givedetairsfor the procfuctiondata
of the by-products?

BY-PRODUET
2008
250 units '150units
Leatherboard
?90sq.f I ssoscr"f 1 5 0 sq .f
Spiitboard 300so.f 2Cl0sq.f
Designboard 150sq.f 100sq.f

At what price do you purehasethe raw

materials?

PURCHASE 2006 2OA7

LEATHER
I 2008 2009
Rs50 Rs 60 Rs 70 Rs 80
PRICE

v) At what price do you sell the raw materials?