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Contents
Overview
Pre-Planning Routes
Outputting the
Information
Overview
• Purpose
1. Masters the basic operations of the Pathloss.
2. Pre-plans the microwave routes by using the Pathloss.
• Studied Case
Area: Mauritius, which is located in the east longitude and
south latitude, Southern Hemisphere
Overview
Pre-Planning Routes
Outputting the
Information
Importing the Data
• Processing the Data
2. Ellipsoid: You should make a selection in the drop-down list after Ellipsoid if Ellipsoid is
selected. Select the proper item in the drop-down list after Ellipsoid, according to the
attribute of the map that is used.
3. Longitude
4. Latitude
7. Seconds Format: Generally, Nearest 0.01 Second is selected. (This item does not affect
the calculation and the final result.)
The maps used in the radio network planning mostly adopt the
ellipsoid definitions WGS1984 and GRS1980, and the UTM
projection mode.
Importing the Data
Map Projection
The map projection can exhibit the curved earth surface on a flat
surface by using the specific mathematics method, according to a
certain algorithm, and thus establish mapping relations between the
points on the earth surface and the points on the flat surface. When the
ellipsoid of the earth is projected on a flat surface, the distortion will
occur. According to the shape of the projection plane, the map
projection is classified into azimuth projection, cylindrical projection,
and conical projection. According to the projection distortion property,
the map projection is classified into conformal projection, equivalent
projection, and equidistant projection.
Reference Ellipsoid
As the internal substances of the earth are distributed unevenly
and the earth surface rolls, the datum cannot be used as the
calculation plane of the measurement result. In this case, a
rotating ellipsoid that is similar to the earth is usually selected and
is expressed in the mathematical way to replace the datum. The
ellipsoid is the basis for measurement and map drawing. The
rotating ellipsoid that is in best accordance with the datum of the
local area (a nation or several nations) is called the reference
ellipsoids, such as GRS80, Krassovsky, and WGS84.
Importing the Data
Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)
UTM projection is a conformal, secant, and cylindrical projection. The cylinder intersects the
earth at the two circles of equal altitudes: south altitude 80 degrees and north altitude 84
degrees. After the projection, distortion does not occur to the two intersected longitudes. The
ratio of the two longitudes to the central meridian is 0.9996. The UTM projection is created for
the world war. In 1948, the U.S.A completed the calculation of this universe projection system.
The projection azimuth is not distorted, the central meridian is a straight line and is the
symmetry axis of the projection.
In UTM, earth is divided into 60 zones limited by west longitude 180 degrees, spanning six
degrees of longitude each from the west to the east. UTM is a widely used projection mode.
The satellite image of China often adopts the UTM projection mode.
Importing the Data
Choose Configure > Terrain Database from the menu of the Pathloss.
In the displayed Configure Terrain Database dialog box, select
Odyssey - UTM under Primary.
Importing the Data
• Click Setup Primary. In the displayed Odyssey - UTM dialog box, select Use
special UTM zone, and enter the time zone number plus N or S in the box. ("N"
represents the Northern Hemisphere, and "S" represents the Southern Hemisphere.
If you do not enter N or S, it is set to N by default. In the case of Mauritius, you
should enter 40S.) If the map contains the information of buildings, select Embedded
building data. If the map covers regions that are located in several time zones, you
can select Use standard UTM zones in index.
Importing the Data
Descriptions of the options:
1. Use standard UTM zones in index: When the map covers regions that are
located in several time zones, you should select this item.
2. Use specified index file: When the time zone file is available, you can select this
item. In this case, you should specify the index file that contains the data of the
time zone.
3. Use specified UTM zone: When you select this item, enter the accurate time
zone number and the letter that indicates the hemisphere where the region is
located, for example, 40S
4. Embedded building data: When the map contains the information of buildings,
select this item. When the planned links are located in cities, this item has a great
impact.
Importing the Data
Click Set Directory to specify the directory of the map. In the example, the path is as follows:
D:\Microwave Planning Design Software Training\20-new Mauritius\height. Note that you should select
the Heights folder in the directory of the digital map. Click Index, and choose Files > Import List in the
displayed Odyssey - UTM window. The Define Fields dialog box is displayed as follows:
Importing the Data
• Click Planet, and the format of the imported data is changed to Planet. In
UTM zone, enter the time zone number plus N or S. Then click OK, select
the Index.txt file, and click OK. The map information list is imported.
Choose Files > Close in the Odyssey - UTM window. Click Close and
then click OK.
• Descriptions of the preceding parameters:
Edge units: generally expressed in meters
Byte order: SPARC or INTEL
Bottom up: This item determines whether the map starts from the
southwestern corner or from the northwestern corner. If the imported map
is upside down, you need to adjust this item.
Importing the Data
• Importing the Data in the Format of CSV
Importing the data of a single layer
Choose Module > Network > Site Data > Site List > Import > Site Text
File from the menu of the Pathloss, and the Import Text File dialog box
is displayed.
After you determine the related items in the Import Text File dialog box, click Import.
Select the data to be imported (final data format: *.CSV), click Open, and then click
Import. Click Close when the process is complete.
Importing the Data
• Choose Files > Save (in the format of *.gr4) > Site
Data > Create Background. The background file
is created.
Importing the Data
• The background files may not be created when the
Pathloss is used. The possible causes are as
follows:
1. The table heading in the saved *.CSV file is not
deleted.
2. The path of the map is incorrectly set.
3. The geographical location is incorrectly set.
4. The file is not saved as required, that is, you
should choose Files > Save to save the file in the
format of *.gr4.
Importing the Data
Importing the data of multiple layers
• Click Start, and choose Program > Pathloss 4.0 to run the
software.
• Choose Module > Network > Configure > Terrain
Database, and the Configure Terrain Database dialog box
is displayed.
• Setting the layers: Select Layers to determine the layer
where the site is located, and then click OK.
• Modifying the legends of sites in batches: Choose Defaults
> Site Legend.
• Choose Site Data > Site List > Import > Site Text File,
and the Import Text File dialog box is displayed. After you
set the attributes of the site in the dialog box, click Import to
select the data to be imported (in the format of *.CSV). Click
Import, and then click Close when the process is complete.
Contents
Overview
Pre-Planning Routes
Outputting the
Information
Pre-Planning Routes
1. Read through the contents on network, transmission and line construction in the
tender document and digest these contents. Sort out the required information.
2. If the clauses that are required for the network planning but are not specified in the
tender document, communicate with the operator and clarify the doubts.
3. Fully understand the bidding strategies of the project team.
4. Determine the required conditions for pre-planning the microwave transmission
routes, based on the requirements of the tender document, the conclusion reached
after the communication with the project team, and the output of the radio network
planning. These required conditions are described as follows:
• Bidding strategies of the project team
• KPIs
• Transmission modes of the backbone network (network between cities)
• Selected microwave products
• Maximum antenna heights
• Adopted protection modes
Pre-Planning Routes
• Risk factor of the microwave BOQ
• Frequencies
• Geographical location of the nation, that is, the hemisphere, longitude, and latitude
where the nation is located.
• Location of each BTS and the requirement of each BTS for the transmission
capacity
• Location of each BSC and the requirement of each BSC for the transmission
capacity
• Subordinating relations between BSCs and BTSs
5. When the Pathloss software is used to pre-plan the microwave transmission routes,
the following aspects are involved:
• Divide the work of personnel involved in the project microwave planning and
design and making out the plan.
• Produce the project-level microwave transmission distance calculation table.
• Determine the graphic example of the project-level microwave planning and design
and outputting the format.
• Determine the microwave network topology to design the network at different
layers, that is, backbone layer, convergence layer, and access layer. Increase the
distance of routes in the SDH backbone network to a proper length to decrease the
number of SDH microwave hops, choosing curved profiles, and capitalizing on the
local terrain condition.
Pre-Planning Routes
• Network Configuration
SDH (large-capacity microwave: 4xE1
STM-1)
PDH (small-capacity microwave:
4xE1, 8xE1, 16xE1) 1E1
2xE
1
BSC 1+1
4xE1
16xE1
1xE1
2xE1
Pre-Planning Routes
Start
YES
Click on the connection line
Terrain Data
Operations
Generate Profile
Close Adding a
Relay Site
Module
Antenna Heights
YES
Network
END
Pre-Planning Routes
Procedures for Configuring a Link
Connect the BSC to a nearest site, and click on the
connection line. Choose Terrain Data > Operations >
Generate Profile.
In the displayed Generate Profile dialog box, click Generate
and then click Close. Choose Module > Antenna Heights,
and click Calculate (check if the line-of-sight transmission
between the two sites is available).
Choose Module > Network, and then click Yes.
Pre-Planning Routes
• Drag the mouse to connect Site38 and Site40. Click on the
connection line, and select Summary. Based on the data in
Calculated Distance (km), enter the proper value in
Frequency. This hop of link adopts the central frequency
point 12996 MHz of the 13 GHz frequency band.
Pre-Planning Routes
• Choose Module > Terrain Data > Operations >
Generate Profile.
Pre-Planning Routes
• Click Generate in the Generate Profile dialog box, and then click
Close. Double-click the blank area under Structure, and then
select Range of Structures. Set the height of the structure (in the
example, a tree of 15 meters).
Select any point on the profile, and you can modify the related parameters, for
example, distance, elevation, structure, scale and ground.
Pre-Planning Routes
• Choose Module > Antenna Heights, and then click .
Pre-Planning Routes
• Choose Module > Print Profile.
220
200
180
160
140
Elevation (m)
120
100
80
60
40
20
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Path length (9.11 km)
Site38 Frequency (MHz) = 12996.0 Site40
Latitude 20 11 15.36 S K = 1.33, 0.67 Latitude 20 08 52.08 S
Longitude 057 43 03.36 E %F1 = 100.00, 60.00 Longitude 057 38 28.68 E
Azi muth 298.90 Azi muth 118.93
Elevation 40 m ASL Elevation 170 m ASL
Antenna CL 28.5 m AGL Antenna CL 29.8 m AGL
十月18 07
Pre-Planning Routes
Operations for the Sites Between Which the Line-of-Sight Transmission Is not Available: Adding a
Relay Site
Determine the
location of the relay
site to be added
Site Data
Add Site
Add Site
OK
Overview
Pre-Planning Routes
Outputting the
Information
Outputting the Information
Outputting the
terrain diagram
Outputting the
profile diagram
between sites
Outputting the
antenna height
and site distance
200
180
160
140
Elevation (m)
120
100
80
60
40
20
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Path leng th (9.11 km)
Site38 Freq uency (MHz) = 12996.0 Site40
Latitude 20 11 15.36 S K = 1.33, 0.67 Latitude 20 08 52.08 S
Long itude 057 43 03.36 E %F1 = 100.00, 60.00 Long itude 057 38 28.68 E
Azi muth 298.90 Azi muth 118.93
Elevation 40 m ASL Elevation 170 m ASL
Antenna CL 28.5 m AGL Antenna CL 29.8 m AGL
十月18 07
Outputting the Information
• Outputting the Profile Diagrams of Multiple Links in Batches