Microwave Planing Training Guide

Security Level: Internal
Microwave planning
(Using Pathlossv4)
Training guide
www.huawei.com
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

pathloss preparations_map
 What is the SRTM?

SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) is a type of digital map. SRTM
obtained elevation data on a near-global scale to generate the most complete
high-resolution digital topographic database of Earth.
 How to get it?
There are 2 methods:
 ftp://e0srp01u.ecs.nasa.gov/srtm
Use the download manager to help you in download
you can get it from that link: http://www.freedownloadmanager.org/
 The best way to select the region you want to download files for it:
We can use that site http://cartographic.com/.to select the area we need
to download

 To upload the SRTM files for

pathloss:
 Choose Configure----Terrain
database you will find the shown
screen
 From primary menu choose SRTM-
ASTER

 After that click on the button setup

primary you will find the shown
page
 From file menu choose BIL-SRTM
HGT,ASTER TIF
 You will find your pc browse your
pc for the SRTM files and upload
them to the pathloss

pathloss preparations_coordinates
 Coordinate appears in two common formats:

 1-Decimal Format like 12.345678 N
 2-Degree minutes second Format like 13 05 20.80 N
 How to convert from the second type to decimal format ?
 To convert the above second type to decimal we do the following:
 13+(05/60)+(20.80/3600) which equal 13.089111111 in Decimal

Microwave planning stages
Microwave planning consists of three main stages:

1-Entering link coordinates and generating the link profile and then determine
antenna heights.
2-Creating the worksheet for the link according to the customer KPI or Huawei
KPI
3-Making Frequency interference calculations

How to enter coordinates to pathloss
1-we can entering coordinates for sites

needs to be planned from the excel
sheet for it as follows:-
 first open the coordinates excel

sheet and save it as CSV(comma
delimited) file as the shown
 Open the pathloss and press Ctrl+N

Or you can choose module----Network
 In network page choose site data---

-site list ,you can find the site list
screen

First stage_ Sites input
 Press import and then site text file
you will find that table
 Put the colum number of the sites
name in the excel sheet beside site
name in the pathloss table(column
no 1 in our example
 Repeat that for latitude and
longitude column no(col2 for long
and 3 for latitude
 Then press import button from
pathloss table
 and attach your saved comma
delimited file for coordinates
 then press ok you will have the
pathloss screen for sites names
and coordinates

First Stage_Network
Close the previous menu you will find

the map for all the sites in the excel sheet
as you can see here you can connect the
sites together by clicking the NE and drag
to the other site
Connect all sites together according to the plan

First stage_Terrain data
 we will start configure link by link

Left click by mouse on the first link and
choose(Terrain Data) the shown
screen will appear
 Choose operation-----Generate
profile
The pathloss will draw the link terrain
data between the two sites

First stage_Terrain data
 You can add any obstacle you got

from the survey by double clicking
on the structure column you will
find the shown
 You can choose single structure or
range of structures according to
your obstacle
 For example if you have range of

structures after you click range
you will get the shown menu
 So you can modify the height for
your obstacle , the start and end of
the obstacle range in KM

First stage_Antenna height
 After that you can choose Module--

---Antenna height
 Before you calculate the minimum height

for LOS you have to calculate minimum
K as follows:
 From antenna height page choose
operation---minimum k you will find the
shown page so you can find the
minimum K included in it

First stage_Antenna height
 After that choose operation-----

clearance criteria you will find the
shown page put the frequency you
use in the bottom of the table
 Add the minimum K you got from
previous slide to second K criteria
in the table
 Adjust all other values as shown
 Press ok after that you can
calculate the minimum height for
the antenna
 In general links less than 20 km the
minimum K can be taken as 0.67
without calculations
 so you can click on the calculator
symbol to get the minimum height
needs for line of sight and you click
to change the heights of the
antenna

First stage_Print profile
 After that you can choose module-

----print profile to confirm that the
lowest fresnel zone is above the
highest obstacle as the shown
profile
 As we can see in the figure there are

three layers for the earth the top one is
for minimum k and when we go down
layer by layer the K factor becomes
larger till we reach infinity at the earth
surface

First Stage_K factor values
 For the Regular(K factor):
 If K=4/3 the fresnel zone f1 should be more than 100%(for main antenna)
 If Kmin=2/3, f1 should be more than 60% (for main antenna)
 If K=4/3 the fresnel zone f1 should be more than 60%(for SD antenna)
 If Kmin=2/3, f1 should be more than 30% (for SD antenna)

First Stage_Diffraction
 Diffraction calculations
 From Module menu
 Choose Diffraction
 You will find the shown page
 From configure menu choose Edit
K list from the shown menu add the
Value for Minimum K you got
before

 From the bottom tool bar double

click on TR-TR you will find the
shown menu
 You have three choices in that
menu to calculate:
1-Diffraction for the main antenna
2-Diffraction for the two SD antennas
in both sites of the link

 Choose the first choice and click

ok
 After that click on the Calculator

symbol to calculate the value of the
Diffraction for the main antenna
you can find the shown menu
 IF the value of the diffraction Loss
is Zero so it is ok no Diffraction
 If there is value so you have to
raise the antenna to decrease that
value to zero
 Repeat the above for the two SD
antenna and Raise the SD antennas
if needed to make the Diffraction
loss equal Zero

First Stage_Reflection
 Adjusting Reflection loss

 We have to decrease the Reflection loss
to be less than 10ns
 Choose Module ------- Reflection then
choose Define Plane you will find the
shown page
 Make right click then left click and right
click again on the start of the profile in
the previous page then do that again at
the end of the profile to calculate the
reflection for all the path you will find
the shown page
 The delay should be less than 10 ns
 If it is more than 10ns we have to change
antenna height till we adjust it
 Also we if the previous way did not
adjust the reflection we have to add SD
antenna to adjust the reflection

Second stage_Worksheet
 Creating the work sheet:

 1-Choose Module----Work sheet
 You will find the worksheet page as
you can see below:
 A-First left click on the rain icon

and choose rain area according to
maps of rain using ITU 7/8 also
choose the link polarization vertical
or horizontal

Second stage(Rain Map)

Second stage_dn/dh calculations(Reliability Method ITU-R
P.530-7/8)
 B-(in case of ReliabilityITU-R

P.530-7/8 )Then choose the
Geoclim factor dn/dh by checking
the four maps one by one to take
the worst month value from the
four maps and write it in the page
seen below.
 Also from print profile you can

know the height for the terrain for
the link(elevation) to choose the
suitable option from the menu as
that affect the availability
 Put the field margin to 1db it is a
margin for installation team

Example for one of the four maps for Gradient
factor(dn/dh)February map

Second stage_How to Check the dn/dh maps
 We search in that map by the coordinate for the link

 As the horizontal axe indicates east and west
 The vertical axe indicates north and south
 So for example if we check the coordinate
 13 05 20.80 N and 029 27 33.73 E means we will take 27 in the right hand of the
middle zero on the horizontal axe and intersect it with 13 above the middle
zero on the vertical axe so we can find the point for our dn/dh from that map
which is a number
 We should repeat that for the other three maps(May-August-November) and
choose the worst value(the biggest one)
 We do the same way to choose the Rain area from the rain map using link
coordinate but here there is only one map
 The value here is a letter means :
 Rain area C (like Egypt) or Area E(like Sudan)

Second stage_Equipment selection
 Choose the equipment as you can

see here
 -From code index you can get the
equipment folder from your PC.
 3-Huawei has five IDUs for RTN900:

 IF1 for TDM traffic
 IFU2 for hybrid traffic(IP and TDM)
 IFX2 for hybrid and support XPIC
 ISU2 for package traffic
 ISX2 for package traffic and
support XPIC

Second stage_ODU selection
 After you choose the IDU type you

will find each IDU support three
types of ODU:
1-HP
2-SP
3-SPA
4-XMC1
5-XMC2

Second stage_Antenna selection
You can choose the antenna by left

click on it and choose antenna
folder from your pc
We change the antenna diameter .

according to customer KPI(to
achieve the KPI)

Second stage_KPI WITH ITU-R P530-7/8
 Customer KPI( in case we use

reliability method ITU-R P.530-7/8)
are:
Example for KPI in this case:
 1-Availability(most of time it needs
to be 99.999 for rain and multipath
and the total one
 2-Fadmargin should be more than
or equal to 30db for PDH and more
than or equal to 35db in SDH
 3-May be customer ask for specific
received signal

Second stage_ KPI FOR KQ S(1.3)
 In case we use Reliability

method KQ S (1.3) the
worksheet result will be as
shown.
Example for KPI in this case:
 1-the WORST MONTH SESR
should be less than 10^-6 and
so the seconds/month should
less than 20 seconds
 The Fade Margin should be
more than 30db in PDH and
more than 35 db in SDH
 The Minutes /Year should less
than 3 minutes in PDH and less
than 0.5 minute in SDH

Second stage_Roughness factor calculations
 In that case when we use Reliability

method KQ.S(1.3) we do not need
the dn/dh here we need to define
the Roughness Factor as follows:
 From the worksheet double click
on the path between the two sites
you will have the shown menu

Second stage_Roughness factor calculations
 Choose Rough from the previous

menu you will have the shown page
 (from laptop)Click home button+f1
then click end button+f1 you will
find that the program counted the
Roughness factor for that link
which indicates the terrain height
for the link
 That Factor affect the SESR for the
link as for links have high
Roughness it has good SESR

Second stage_KQ factor calculations
 After calculating the Roughness

factor from the previous page we
should Calculate the KQ factor to
complete filling for the same menu
of the Roughness factor
 To calculate the KQ factor use the
shown table and by choosing the
suitable choice from the shown four
according to your area
 We only take the value beside the
Character S which indicates the KQ
value and we put it in the pathloss
 For example for the first choice the
KQ factor is 4.1E-5 we enter it only
like that to pathloss and the same
for the other three choices

Second stage_KQ factor calculations
 From the previous table you should take

the values for B and C which exist at the
top of the table and put it at pathloss
 We put that two values at the Reliability

menu in the shown marked two boxes
the KQ Frequency exponent take the b
value and the KQ Distance exponent
take the c value

Second Stage_losses calculations
 All types of losses should be

included in the work sheet:
 Connector loss should be 0.5 db

for each site as shown
 we add the waveguide loss in
Txline loss above the connector
loss as the shown here

Second Stage_losses calculations
 Waveguide loss
 we add that loss when the ODU not directed connected to the antenna so we
add it when we use single polarization separate or dual polarization antenna
and it is different according to frequency band we use as shown
 You can find the tables of Waveguide losses for different Vendors as follows:
 single polarization separate is used when the frequency is 6G or the antenna

diameter is bigger than 1.8m

Second stage_losses
 Coupler loss
 When we use HSB protection for(

1+1 )system one of the coupler side
has 1.7 db loss and the other side
is 6.7 db loss so we add 1.7 for
each site as we consider the
working ODU

Second stage_losses
 IF we use NEC 5000S Long haul

system the branching losses should GURANTEE
ITEM 4GHZ 5GHZ U6GHZ 8GHZ 11GHZ D
be as shown for 64 QAM,the losses
shown for each case for both sites of
the link so we divide it for each site BR CKT Loss
 We use that table in case of *2, *3
ACAP(Adjacent channel Alter
(Circulator
polarization) which means we use type)
different polarization for adjacent
channels if channel 1 is vertical so
channels2 should be horizontal 1+0 (dB) 4.7 5.3 5.4 6.5 8 +1db
 Also please note that when we have

system 1+3 for example so we 1+1 (dB) 5.1 5.7 5.8 7 8.3 +1db
consider it as one sys (1+1) and
another sys 2+0 so we take the
1+2 (dB) 5.5 6.1 6.2 7.5 8.6 +1db
losses for 2+0 from the shown table
and we do that for all cases take the
high protection to choose the losses 1+3 (dB) 5.8 6.5 6.6 8 8.9 +1db
value
 Also for 1+3 Freq Channels here can 1+4 (dB) 9.1 9.2 +1db
be for example ch1,ch2,ch3,ch4 or
ch1,ch3,ch4,ch5
1+5 (dB) 9.5 +1db

Second stage_losses
 NEC 5000S branching circuit losses

for 128 QAM
 Also all cases here are the same GURAN
as the above page ITEM 4GHZ 5GHZ L6GHZ U6GHZ 7GHZ 8GHZ TEED
BR CKT Loss
*2, *3
(Circulator
type)
1+0 (dB) 5.2 5.9 5.4 6.4 6.4 6.8 +1db
1+1 (dB) 5.6 6.3 5.8 7 7 7.3 +1db
1+2 (dB) 6 6.7 6.3 7.5 7.5 7.8 +1db
1+3 (dB) 6.3 7.1 6.6 8 8 8.3 +1db
1+4 (dB) 6.8 8.2 9.1 9.1 9.4 +1db

Second stage_losses
 That case when we use continuous GURANT

channels(1,2,3,4) or uncontinuous ITEM 4GHZ 5GHZ U6GHZ 8GHZ 11GHZ EED
channels ,also polarization here should BR CKT
be the same for all channels Loss *2,
*3
 The above table for 64 QAM
(Circulato
r type)
 The lower one for 128 QAM
1+3 (dB) 6 +1db
 when the system configuration is less
than 3+1, the loss for 5000s takes the 1+7 (dB) 7.3 +1db
loss of 3+1. When the system
configuration is 4+1 to 6+1, the loss for
5000s takes the loss of 7+1. GURANT
ITEM 4GHZ 5GHZ L6GHZ 7GHZ 8GHZ EED
BR CKT
Loss *2,
*3
(Circulato
r type)
1+3 (dB) 6 +1db
1+7 (dB) 7.3 +1db

Second stage_losses
 For Adjacent channel co polarization(same polarization for the adjacent channels like ch1
and ch2) channels here must be continuous(1,2,3,4) only
 For 64 QAM we have only one case we can use it which is (1+3) with 4GHZ Frequency
Band and the losses here is 8.2
ITEM 4GHZ 5GHZ U6GHZ 8GHZ 11GHZ GURANTEED

BR CKT Loss
*2, *3
(Circulator
type)
1+3 (dB) 8.2 +1db
 And for 128 QAM there are two cases with the protection (1+3) one of them with 7GHZ has
losses 9.1 and the other case with 8GHZ with losses 9.5 as shown in below table
GURANTEE
ITEM 4GHZ 5GHZ L6GHZ U6GHZ 7GHZ 8GHZ D
BR CKT Loss
*2, *3
(Circulator
type)
1+3 (dB) 9.1 9.5 +1db

Second stage_losses
 For 5000s using XPIC we use CCDP(co channel duplex polarization) which means we use
two polarization for the same channel
 So in the XPIC case if we have 2(2+1) for example that means we will take the losses for
(2+1) system
 when the ACCP system configuration is less than 3+1 in the table, for example 2+1, the
loss for 5000s is the same as the one of 3+1.

Second stage_5000s frequency
 For the 5000S the frequency should be as the attached file
 if 5000s is used, the frequency assignment must follow the table

Second stage_losses
 We add that losses to pathloss as  Also we add the same branching

shown here 7 GHZ(1+2) system losses for the SD Antenna

Second stage_losses
 Feeder Loss
 When we use NEC 5000s we need
to add the loss of the feeder which
changes according to:
 Feeder length we add 15 meter to
the height of the antenna when we
calculate feeder length(or
according to the distance between
the tower and the 5000s equipment
we can add the suitable length
margin to the feeder)
 Also the feeder losses changes
with the type of the feeder and the
frequency band
 As you can see we add the feeder
type and its total length also we
add its loss/100m and so the
pathloss gives you the total losses
for that feeder

Second stage_losses
 For the loss of Elliptical Waveguide which used for 5000s is as the attached:
 From the above attached word file we can know how to use the other attached file for
calculating the Eliptical Waveguide loss for 5000s

Second stage_XPIC
 If we use XPIC ,IFX or ISX should be

used.
 We got the shown menu from
operation menu we choose co-
channel XPD interference
 For the shown Menu we have to
check that the values for the following
three fields are automatically applied
 If not applied we have to apply them
 For the XPIF value:
 the XPIF value for RTN 900
according to that table
 For RTN600 only 128 QAM with
28M so all XPIF IS 17.
 For 5000S all XPIF is 19
 For the Antenna, we check the XPD
value for the antenna which is 30 to
40 db according to the antenna type

Second stage_XPIC
 We also open operation then

reliability methods and then we
check the checkbox co-channel
operation as shown

Second stage
 How to add SD antenna

 From the worksheet choose
Configure-----antenna configuration
 You will find the shown menu
 Choose the second option TRDR-
TRDR
 Press ok button you will find there
is SD antenna added to the
worksheet
 You can go to the antenna height
page and configure the SD Antenna
height
 Also from the worksheet you can
choose the type of the SD Antenna

Second stage_SD Antenna
 When we need to use SD Antenna and at what Height we can put it?
 We use SD antenna to improve the SESR and the availability for the multipath
and so to improve the link performance
 SD does not affect the Fade margin
 SD antenna should receive max signal at the minimum signal for the main
Antenna and vice versa

 How to determine the height of the SD Antenna?

 The height of the SD Antenna should be choosed to improve the SESR or the
Availability of the link
 Also we have to choose the height of the SD to achieve Max signal at the Main
Antenna minimum signal and vice versa(for that we adjust the auto correlation
from pathloss)
 Also we have to check the Diffraction for the SD height to ensure no
Diffraction
 The optimum Separation between the Main and SD antenna for ideal auto
correlation is 8meter
 But when every time we increase the separation between Main and SD the
performance ,The SESR value and the availability improve
 So we have to match all the above items to determine SD Antenna Height

 Adjusting Auto correlation between

Main And SD Antennas:
 First Define the reflection as we
saw before from Define plane menu
 After that we adjust the

Roughness from module menu we
choose Reflection
 From Reflection page choose
modify and from that menu choose
Roughness you will got the above
shown Page calculate Roughness
as we saw before
 Also from Reflection page from

Variable menu choose Earth Radius
factor as shown in the below
picture


 Adjust the start earth radius
factor(k) to 1.33
 The End Earth radius factor to 3
 Click on microwave antenna
combination Button you will find
the three option menu shown
 Choose the first(TR-TR) option and
click ok
 You will find that site 1 antenna
height and site2 antenna height
adjusted automatically to the
values in the antenna height sheet

 Click ok in the shown menu the

pathloss will give you the curve for
the received signal for the main
antenna
 Repeat the above for the other two
options(TR-DR) and(DR-TR) in the
three option menu
 You will find the another two
curves for the two SD Antennas for
the link

 Change the SD or the main antenna

heights in both sites till you reach
the max for the two SD curves at
the minimum for the main Antenna
curve and vice versa as shown
 When you change the antenna
heights you have also to check the
link performance and the
Diffraction cause all that factors
should be ok at the same time

Second stage_Worksheet Report
 You can output the report by left

click on Report--------Full Report
and make print for it

Second stage_System Configurations
 System configuration cases:

 1-(1+1) HSB
 2- 2(1+1) HSB
 3- 2(1+1) HSB with XPIC
 4- (1+1) SD
 5- 2(1+1) SD
 6- 2(1+1) SD with XPIC
 7- (1+1) FD
 8- (2+1) FD
 9- (3+1) FD
 10- (4+0) FD
 We have to check the below configuration before we make the worksheet to

determine exactly what is our losses and how we can put our frequency
channels.

Hardware Configuration of the 1+1 HSB Protection for the IFH2 of
the IDU 620
f1
H
f1
 The IDU 620 supports one to two 1+1 HSB protection groups. One 1+1 HSB protection group uses one
channel and consists of the following items:
 Two ODUs that are of the same type
 One hybrid coupler: The hybrid coupler can be balanced or unbalanced. Generally, the unbalanced
hybrid coupler is used.
 One antenna
 One Freq channel with one polarization
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 57

Hardware Configuration of the 2 (1+1) HSB Protection for the
IFH2 of the IDU 620
 Using Four ODUs of the same type
 Two coupler(balanced or unbalanced) of

f1
the same type H
 But we prefer to use unbalance coupler
cause it is lower losses
f1 V
 two freq channel with two different
polarization
 One antenna Dual polarization f2
f2

Hardware Configuration of the 2 (1+1) HSB Protection using
XPIC for the IFH2 of the IDU 620
 Using Four ODUs of the same type
f1
 Two coupler(balanced or unbalanced) of
the same type H
 But we prefer to use balance coupler
cause it is lower losses f1
V
 one freq channel with two different

polarization
f1
 One antenna Dual polarization with high
XPD
f1

Hardware Configuration of the 1+1 SD Protection for the IFH2 of
the IDU 620
f1
H
H
f1
 The IDU 620 supports one to two 1+1 SD protection groups. One 1+1 SD protection group uses one
channel and consists of the following items:
 Two ODUs that are of the same type
 Two antennas
 Same Freq channel and same polarization

Hardware Configuration of the 2(1+1) SD Protection for the
IFH2 of the IDU 620
 Four ODU of the same type
f1 H
 Two antenna
 Two frequency channels with different

polarization
f2 V
f1 H
f2 V

Hardware Configuration of the 2(1+1) SD Protection using
XPIC for the IFH2 of the IDU 620
 Four ODU of the same type
f1 H
 Two dual polarization antenna with high
XPD
 One frequency channel with two

polarization f1 V
f1 H
f1 V

Hardware Configuration of the 1+1 FD Protection for the IFH2
of the IDU 620
f1
f1 H
H
V
f3
f2
 The IDU 620 supports one to two 1+1 FD protection groups. One 1+1 FD protection group uses two
channels and consists of the following items:
 Two ODUs: The two ODUs should work on different frequency channel .The other information about the
two ODUs, however, must be consistent.
 One single polarization antenna (with one balanced hybrid coupler), as shown in the figure in the upper
left corner with two freq channels(not adjacent channels)
 Or One dual polarization antenna with two different freq channel (can be adjacent)

Hardware Configuration of the 2+1 FD Protection for the
IFH2 of the IDU 620
 three ODU of the same type cause we f1
use the same Frequency band H
f3
 One balanced coupler(no unbalance) V
f2
 One dual polarization antenna as the
above figure
 Or two single polarization antenna as the

below figure(not recommended for f1 H
hardware and tower space)
f3
 three frequency channels the adjacent
channels can not be the same f2
polarization (distributed as shown)
V

Hardware Configuration of the 3+1 FD Protection for the
IFH2 of the IDU 620
 Four ODU of the same type cause we f1
use the same Frequency band H
 Two balanced coupler(no unbalance)

f3 V
f2
above figure
f4
below figure(not recommended for
hardware and tower space) f1
H
 Four frequency channels(not adjacent
for the same polarization) distributed as f3
shown
f2
V
f4

Hardware Configuration of the 4+0 FD for the IFH2 of the IDU
620
f1
 Four ODU of the same type cause we H
use the same Frequency band
V
f3
 Two balanced coupler(no unbalance)
f2

above figure f4

below figure(not recommended for
f1
H
hardware and tower space)
f3
 Four frequency channels(not adjacent
for the same polarization) distributed as f2
shown
V
f4

Second stage_Repeaters
 Repeaters:
 We use repeaters when there is a problem in line of sight or the link distance
is very big so we can not achieve our KPI so we need intermediate site to
connect our target two sites(target link)
 We have two kinds of repeaters:

 1-Active repeaters
 2-passive repeaters

 Active repeaters:
 We use that kind of repeaters when the distance between the two sites of the
link which has a problem in LOS is big distance so we prefer to use that kind
of repeaters cause we use complete site (use all antennas and equipment as
normal site)so we achieve good performance
 That type is not preferred for the cost cause we build complete site
 In that case we get the coordinate for the Repeater site from the Google Earth
program then make normal links as shown in the above pages

 Passive Repeaters:
 There are three types of passive repeaters but we use only one type which
is(Back To Back Antenna)
 In this type we don’t need to make any indoors or equipment for the repeaters
just the Antennas and make Back to Back connecton between both directions
of the Repeater
 That type is preferred to make cost reduction
 But for long distance we will need more repeaters(Max no of repeaters is
3(three)
 So in the links have big distance we do not use that type

 How to make passive repeater using Pathloss:
 First you have to add the coordinate of end sites and the repeater sites.
 We should make the path profile for all links(links between the repeaters sites
and the end sites)
 Make all diffraction and reflection calculations using minimum K
 Add the equipment as we did before for the end sites and may be also for the
repeaters
 For the repeater site you should use the same detail for that site for all its
directions

 Creating the back to back passive

repeater:
 Open the worksheet for one of the
links related to the repeater
 Choose operation then create
passive repeater


which contains passive repeaters
types
 Choose back to back antenna
 You will find your PC browse your
PC for the PL4 file for the second
passive link
 Repeat that if you have more than
one repeater

 Click on the passive icon on the

work sheet(P)
 You will find the shown passive
data menu
 The passive gain of back to back

antenna calculated as the sum of
antenna gains minus the
transmission line and connector
loss

 The vertical angle is shown for reference only
 If the antenna data is added when the individual link profile are created the
data will be transferred to the previous page data entry menu

 How to make Repeaters using Google Earth program:

 First we have to enter the sites needs Repeater to Google earth using Huawei
tool which manage us to upload large no of sites in fast and easy way to
Google Earth program
 You have to change all coordinates to Decimal Format to upload it to that
Form

 Open the Excel sheet for that tool

and enter the project Name in the
most left side of the sheet
 After that paste all the coordinates
to that sheet
 Mark all that column
 Choose Macro and Then choose
Run For that Macro
 You will find the KML file for all
that sites saved automatically at
the C partition for your PC
 Open the Google earth program
and upload that KML file

 To add new site(Repeater site to

Google Earth)
 Choose the yellow icon from the
top tool bar which indicates(Add
Place mark)

 After choosing the previous icon

you will find the shown Menu
opened
 Also you will find new icon for the
new site appear
 Drag that new icon and drop it to
the place you want to put it on
 Try to put the new Repeater at the
minimum distance from the two
sites needs to be connected cause
that is better for links performance
 From the shown menu you can put
the name for that new Repeater
 Also take the coordinate for that
Repeater and add it to the Pathloss
 After that start to make design for
the repeater with the existing sites
using Pathloss

Third stage(interference calculations)
 Principles of selecting proper frequency bands:

 1. Select proper frequency bands according to the frequency resources
(licenses) owned by the carriers and the stipulations of local radio
management committees.
 2. Select proper frequency bands according to the characteristics of the

designed networks and routes. For example, high-frequency bands are
generally used for mobile networks.
 3. Select proper frequency bands according to their characteristics.
• Low-frequency bands (L6G/U6G/7G/8G/11G) are suitable for long-distance

links and high-frequency bands (13G/15G/18G/23G/26G/38G) are suitable for
short-distance links.

• Due to the limited number of channels existing at low-frequency bands,

interference tends to arise in the long-distance transmission.
• High-frequency bands are suitable for high-speed data transmission and

interference sustainable because there are many channels with broad
bandwidth.
• High-frequency antennas feature high gains. Compared with low-frequency

bands, high-frequency bands require small clearance. Towers with these
antennas properly used can be lower than others

Division of microwave frequency bands:
Frequency Shift Frequencies (MHz) (T-R Spacing) Use

4-7 GHz 161, 154, 245 Long-distance network
backbones
8 GHz 126, 161, 154. 199, 266, 311 Long-distance network

backbones
11-13 GHz 266 Short and medium distance
15 GHz 308, 420, 490, 315. 720, 728 Short and medium distance
18 GHz 340, 1092.5, 1008, 1010, 1560 Short and medium distance
23 GHz 600, 1050, 1232, 1008, 1200, Short distance in urban areas
26 GHz 855, 1008 Short distance in urban areas
28 GHz 1008 Short distance in urban areas
32 GHz 812 Short distance in urban areas
38 GHz 700, 1260 Short distance in urban areas

Principles of selecting proper microwave channels:
 1. Try not to select the special frequency resources (licensed) used by other
carriers even if these frequency bands are not used in some areas (in case
they may be used in the future).
 2. If the planned microwave link features the same routing or parallel routing
as another microwave link, it is recommended that the frequency
band/channels different from those of the existing link are used. A different
polarization mode should be configured even if the same channel is adopted
as a result of the little interference and big margin proved by the calculation
and analysis.

Principles of selecting proper microwave channels:
 3. If the angle between two interleaving routes is comparatively small (for

example, smaller than 30 degrees), a different channel should be selected. If
the angle is quite large (for example, larger than 60 degrees), the same
channel can be used provided a different polarization mode is configured. The
same channel with the same polarization mode can be used only when the
angle is larger than 90 degrees. This is a generally adopted principle for
microwave frequency planning. For different equipment, antenna
configuration, or capacity, analysis should be made on the link accordingly.
 4. In the design, the microwave link should be as far from the scatter
communication station and the satellite communications earth station as
possible. When the antenna of the microwave station is directed to the
satellite orbit with a tolerance of ±2 degrees, the frequency band of the
communication satellite cannot be used.

Example for the microwave frequency planning:
1V 1H
1V
2H 1H 1H
In frequency planning, reusing of frequency resources should be taken

into account, the internal and external interference should be avoided,
and the link quality should be enhanced.
Polarization should alternate every other hop for the decrease of
overreach interference. The polarization configured alternate every hop is
conducive to the decrease of front-back interference upon the antenna.

Two-frequency system and quadruple-frequency
system used in microwave frequency planning:
For the 1+1 system or 2+0 system of the frequency diversity, the use of the two-
frequency system can save the frequency resources, while the use of the quadruple-
frequency system can decrease the internal and external interference and enhance the
link quality. Whether to select the two-frequency system or the quadruple-frequency
system depends on the interference within the planned microwave network system and
the mutual interference between the microwave links to be established and the links
existing in the system.
Case 1: When the link to be

established interleaves with an
existing one, the two-frequency
system can be used for the
former provided the same
system is used for the existing
link, and a different channel Existing link
should be selected in this case.
Link to be established

Two-frequency system and quadruple-frequency system used
in microwave frequency planning:

established interleaves with an
existing one, the quadruple- Existing link
frequency system can be used for
the former provided the same Link to be established
system is used for the existing link.
In this case, the neighboring
links(with small angles) should
have different channels.

established has a branch, the
quadruple-frequency system 2,4
should also be used for this
branch.

Two-frequency system and quadruple-frequency
system used in microwave frequency planning:

established forms a loop-line with
quite small angles, the quadruple-
frequency system should
be selected.
Case 5: When the routing deflection B

A 1,3 Lb D
angles are too great, but the angles of
La and Lb are quite small, for example, La
C 2,4
smaller than 15 degrees,
comparatively great overreach
interference may occur if the two-
frequency system is selected for Site A
and Site D. Therefore, the quadruple-
frequency system should also be used
in this case.

 Add the frequency for each channel

and its polarization and channel ID
and mention which site high and
which low from the worksheet as
you can see below
 Repeat that link by link for all links
of the project
 When you choose frequency
channels do not use the same
channel for two links have
separation angle less than or equal
to 90 degree
 If you need to repeat the freq
channel do that for angles more
than 90 degree

 from module choose network you

can find the map for all the links
 Choose configure------directories----
microwave radio you can find your
pc menu choose the location where
you save the code file for the radio
equipment you use for that project
 Repeat that to choose the place of
antenna folder you use for the
project

 Choose interference-----calculate
interference you will find the below
menu
 you can use the configuration for

that menu as you can see here
 Then click calculate to start

calculate interference

 In the previous menu:

 1-choosing coordination distance=200 km that means the program will
calculate all interference comes from all distances till 200 km distance.
 so if we need to calculate interference from the same channel and same
bandwidth we should put the Maximum freq separation=0 but if the bandwidth
is different we take the biggest bandwidth as a separation so if we have
7MHZ,14MHZ,28MHZ we can put it 28 MHZ or any no more than 28
 Interference comes from the adjacent channel can be neglected as we always
take adjacent channels with different polarization
 3-Default minimum interference level =-115 means we will count all
interference values not less than that level
 4-Thereshold Degradation=1 Means all cases have T.D more than one will be
displayed in the interference report

 Choose interference-----reports-----
hi lo violation as you can see below
 you will find the report for all links

high and low violation status
 at any site all site should be high or
should be low if one site contains
some directions high and some
low(has violation) you should
check that report and fix all links
violation after that recalculate
interference again and check the
violation to confirm it is ok.

 Also check the error log it should have no errors

 Choose interference-----reports-----cross reference

 You can find the report for

interference contains the cases of
interference exist
 Compare each case T.D(threshold

degradation) with the thereshold
degradation for customer KPI
 All interference cases should have

T.D less than or equal to the
customer KPI T.D

 If the exist interference case T.D is bigger than the customer KPI T.D
 Try to change polarization between the same channels for the two links have
interference or try to change between channels for the same band between the
two infected links
Sometimes you need change the whole frequency band for the two infected links
Also when we open ATPC interference decreases

 Sometimes we found that there are some interference cases that have T.D
more than the required KPI and when we try to change polarization we can not
fix it and may be we have no more frequency channels to change
 For that cases we can open the interference report for that case from pathloss
and we check that two links which have problems together
 To check which site from the two links affect on which site
 After that we can try to make direct link between that two sites and check the
Line Of Site
 May be we find that to achieve LOS between that two sites needs very high
towers(may 200 meter in each site) means to achieve loss we need height
more than the maximum tower heights for our project
 So that case not actual case cause the signal can not be transmitted Between
the two sites cause there is no LOS between them

 If you add one new link and you

want to calculate interference only
for that link with all other links in
the network do the following:
 From the network page left click on
that link and open the worksheet
for that link
 After that return to the network
page again
 Choose interference then activate
the checkbox which mention:
 Analyze(link name) only
 Then press calculate

 After every change you have to

recalculate interference again
 And check the cross reference

report
 Or from the same menu you can

choose case detail to give all
details about interference case by
case

 Make interference Report from

cross reference page
 Choose file----Save as RTF File

Third stage_Frequency division
 How to Assign Frequency channels:
 The frequency channel we assigned to the link should have the same
bandwidth with our microwave equipment
 If we use Freq channel has 28MHZ bandwidth we should use equipment
28MHZ bandwidth
 Also if the frequency channel has 28MHZ bandwidth ,we can use equipment
14MHZ but that not preferred as we waste the frequency resources so if the
customer gives channels have big bandwidth we can divide it to smaller
bandwidth channels
 But we can not use equipment has 28MHZ bandwidth with frequency channel
has 14MHZ bandwidth

 How to divide frequency channels:

 EXAMPLE
 If we have the following four channels with bandwidth 55 MHZ and we need to
divide them to 27.5MHZ channels
18GHz
Ch.No upper lower Band Width Shifter
11
19315 18305 55 1010
12
19370 18360 55 1010
13
19425 18415 55 1010
14
19480 18470 55 1010

 We will take the first channel lower frequency which

is18305 and the last channel lower frequency which is 18470
 For 18305 is the center freq so the range for that center is from 18305 –(55/2)
to 18305+(55/2)
 Also for the last channel the Range is from 18470-(55/2) to 18470+(55/2)
 So our range for the new 27.5 MHZ divided channels will be from 18305-(55/2
)to 18470+(55/2) means
From 18277.5 to18497.5

 We can take the above Frequency range and search at the frequency channels
table using the frequency band which is 18GHZ and the shifter which 1010 and
the bandwidth which is 27.5 MHZ and choose all Freq channels located inside
our freq range which is:
From 18277.5 to18497.5 we will find the following channels:
Ch.No upper lower Band Width Shifter
22 19315 18305 27.5 1010
23 19342.5 18332.5 27.5 1010
24 19370 18360 27.5 1010
25 19397.5 18387.5 27.5 1010
26 19425 18415 27.5 1010
27 19452.5 18442.5 27.5 1010
28 19480 18470 27.5 1010

How to assign the ODUsubband FOR EACH FREQUENCY
CHANNEL
 For example we can take the first channel in the table which is:
 18305 lower and 19315 upper with bandwidth 27.5 MHZ and shifter 1010
 We take the lower freq 18305 which is the center freq for that channel which is
from 18305-(27.5/2) to 18305+(27.5/2) means from 18291.25 to 18318.75 and we
check from the ODU SUBBAND TABLE

How to assign the ODUsubband FOR EACH FREQUENCY
CHANNEL
 We insert the frequency band

which is 18GHZ and the shifter
HP、SP
which is 1010 and click on the 18 GHz A Lo 17685 17985、SPA、
button on the ODU subband LPA、LP
sheet it will give us all HP、SP
18GHz A Hi 18695 18995、SPA、
channels for that band and LPA、LP
shifter as shown: HP、SP
 And so we can find our 18GHz B Lo 17930 18230、SPA、
LPA、LP
channel in Subband C HP、SP
 Also we can find that for our 18GHz B Hi 18940 19240、SPA、
LPA、LP
channel the ODU can be one of
HP、SP
the following : 18GHz C Lo 18180 18480、SPA、
1-HP(high power) LPA、LP
HP、SP
2-SP(standard power) 18GHz C Hi 19190 19490、SPA、
3-SPA or LP or LPA LPA、LP
HP、SP
18GHz D Lo 18400 18700、SPA、
LPA、LP
HP、SP
18GHz D Hi 19410 19710、SPA、
LPA、LP

How to make the final Report for all links of the Network
 From Network page choose Site

data then site list you will get the
shown screen
 From the previous screen choose
Report then CSV link list-
Microwave, you will get the shown
screen
 From the left side of the shown
menu you can choose the factors
you want to appear in the links
report and add that factors by
arrows to the right side of that
menu to appear at your report
 Then press OK you will get the
report page
 From the report page choose file
then save the report to your PC

How to make the final Report for all links of the Network
 The below fields should be included for the final report:
Site Site
Site Site Site Site
Site Site Site Site 1 2 Site Site Site Site
Site Site Site Site Site Site 1 2 1 2 Site Site Site Site
Site Site Site Site Site Site 1 2 1 TX2 TX Radi Radi 1 2 1 2
Oper 1 2 Path 1 2 1 2 RX RX Fad Fad Site Site 1 TX2 TX 1 2
1 2 1 2 1 2 Ante Ante pow pow o o SES SES UN UN
ator Lon Lon leng Azi Azi Ante Ante sign sign e e 1 Ch2 Ch Freq Freq Pola Pola
Na Na Call Call Latit Latit nna nna er er Cod Cod (wm (wm (min (min
code gitu gitu th mut mut nna nna al al mar mar ID ID (MH (MH rizat rizat
me me Sign Sign ude ude (Mai (Mai (dB (dB e e - - /yea /yea
de de h h (SD) (SD) (dB (dB gin gin z) z) ion ion
n) n) m) m) Inde Inde sec) sec) r) r)
m) m) (dB) (dB)
x x

How to make the bill of quantity(BOQ) for the project
 The BOQ should be as below and we output it for RTN product during the
biding project as the attached sheet:
 Also the BOQ for 5000S as the below attached file:

Needed tools for planning work
 Pathloss version4
 Odu subband tool which indicates the odu subband for each frequency
channel
 Google earth program to find the place and coordinates for repeaters and also
to check the places of sites
 Frequency band tables which gives the channels for all frequency bands and
shifts
 Maps for Rain and the gradient four maps
 Equipment folder and antennas folder needed for making worksheet
 Losses table for waveguide(included in this slide)

 XPIF table(included in this slide)
 5000s losses table (included in this slide)
 The power point slides for both RTN600 and RTN900 to indicate which
equipment we can use as it indicates bandwidth for all equipments

Security Level: Internal
Thank you
Hazem.Hassan
www.huawei.com

Microwave Planing Training Guide

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Microwave Planing Training Guide

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Security Level: Internal

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

 What is the SRTM?

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

 To upload the SRTM files for

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

 After that click on the button setup

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

 Coordinate appears in two common formats:

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

Microwave planning consists of three main stages:

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

1-we can entering coordinates for sites

 first open the coordinates excel

 Open the pathloss and press Ctrl+N

 In network page choose site data---

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

Close the previous menu you will find

Connect all sites together according to the plan

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

 we will start configure link by link

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

 You can add any obstacle you got

 For example if you have range of

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

 After that you can choose Module--

 Before you calculate the minimum height

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

 After that choose operation-----

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

 After that you can choose module-

 As we can see in the figure there are

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

 For the Regular(K factor):

 If Kmin=2/3, f1 should be more than 60% (for main antenna)

 If K=4/3 the fresnel zone f1 should be more than 60%(for SD antenna)

 If Kmin=2/3, f1 should be more than 30% (for SD antenna)

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

 From the bottom tool bar double

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

 Choose the first choice and click

 After that click on the Calculator

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

 Adjusting Reflection loss

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

 Creating the work sheet:

 A-First left click on the rain icon

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

 B-(in case of ReliabilityITU-R

 Also from print profile you can

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

 We search in that map by the coordinate for the link

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

 Choose the equipment as you can

 3-Huawei has five IDUs for RTN900:

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

 After you choose the IDU type you

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

You can choose the antenna by left

We change the antenna diameter .