Engineering

Drawing
 Engineering Drawing
• Offers the easiest way to convey
information
4 main types of flow diagrams:
1. Block Diagram
2. Process Flow Diagram
3. Piping & Instrumentation Diagram
4. Utility Flow Diagram
 Flow Diagrams
• Block diagram
– Simplest and easiest to read
– Provides overview of process
 Block Diagram
Adip
CDU Treators
Crude
Distillation HCU
Unit HGU
Hydro Hydrogen
Cracking Generation
Unit Unit

SRU/SPU
VDU
Vacuum Sulphur
Distillation Recovery
Unit (Processing)
TGU Unit
Thermal
Gasoil
Unit
HydroDeSulfurization (HDS)
HydroTreatment (HDT)
 Flow Diagrams
Process Flow diagram (PFD)
– Provides general idea of process
– Information presented:
– Major equipments (names, numbers, capacity)
– Primary process lines
– Important operation parameters (F, T, P, L)
– Major instrumentation and control loop
– Valves (for special situations)
– Safety philosophy
– Material balance tables

Note: Utility lines and spare equipments are not

shown unless special situation
Process Flow Diagram
 Flow Diagrams
• Piping and Instrumentation diagram
(P&ID)
– Process flow diagram in details.
– ALL equipments with names, capacities,
sizes, important operation parameters.
– ALL pipelines with piping codes and flow
directions.
– ALL instrumentation (valves, gauges
etc), control loop
– Safety philosophy
Piping & Instrumentation Diagram
 Flow Diagrams

• Utility Flow diagram (UFD)

– Shows ALL equipments, instrumentation
and information related to the utilities.
– Air, water, nitrogen, steam, condensate,
fuel oil/gas, flare.
Drawing Presentation
• Isometric Drawing

• Orthographic Drawing
– Front View
– End View
– Plan View

• Process Flow Drawing

– Front or Plan View
– Flow layout
– Position of equipments
– Elevation of equipments

• Process Flow & Utility Flow

Diagrams may be kept separate.
Symbols - Mechanical
Y-Type
Main Process Line
Strainer
Secondary Process Line
Utility Line Spectacle
Future Line Blind

Underground Line Spade Blind

Line crossing
Not connected Reducer
Line Junction
Ejector
Jacketed Line

Traced Line
Mixer
Flanged Joint
 Symbols- Mechanical
Discharge
Outlet
Atmospheric Tank
Centrifugal
Suction Pump
inlet
Open Tank

Floating Tank
Centrifugal
Compressor
Gas Holder

Blower Fan M Motor

Symbols - Mechanical
Cooling Coil Furnace Coil

Heating Coil Coil Steam

Generator

Heat Exchanger
Rotary Positive
Displacement Pump

Vertical Reboiler
Heat Exchanger
Reciprocating
Pump
 Process &
Instrumentation
Drawing and Symbols
1. Codes
2. Line Numbering
3. General Equipment
4. Symbols (Mechanical & Instrument)
5. Abbreviations
 Line Numbering
3” P 6001 - 3105 - I

Nominal Pipe Size Insulation

Requirement
Line Service Description
Line Number
Piping Class Identification
• P – Process • A – Air
• G – Inert Gas (eg N2) • D – Drain
• S –Steam Condensate • F – Fuel
• W - water • R - Refrigeration
Piping Classes

3105
Pressure Piping
Rating Class
Color Codes on pipes
Instrument Air Sour Gas

Fresh Water
Sweet Gas

Fire Water
Inert Gas/Nitrogen

Process/Product
Types of Lines - Process
Types of Lines - Process
Types of Lines -
Instrumentation
 Instrumentation Code
1. F – Flow 9. T – Temperature
2. Fq – Quantity (Volume) 10.H – Hand
3. Fr – Flow Ratio 11.A – Alarm
4. L – Level 12.C – Controlling
5. P – Pressure 13.E - Emergency
6. Pd – Pressure 14.I – Indicating
Differential 15.R – Recording
7. Q – Quality & Analysis 16.G - Gauge
8. S – Speed
 Symbols - Instrument
Pressure Gauge with
P1 Diaphragm seal Venturi
T Boss/Nozzle for Temp
P Boss/Nozzle for Pressure Control Valve
Normal Straight
F Boss/Nozzle for Flanges
H
PW Pressure conn w/valve Control Valve
With Handwheel

RO Restriction Orifice Control Valve

Angle Type
FW Eg Orifice Assembly
With plates & Valves
General Equipment - Valves
Gate Valve Plug Valve

Butterfly
Globe Valve Valve

Check Valve
Ball Valve
Angle Valve

Needle Valve

Relief Valve
Diaphragm Valve