BIO 205

Chapter 3
Three Domain System
 Prokaryote/Eukaryote Similarities

•Homeostasis is an organisms ability

to maintain a stable internal state.

•Many prokaryotes live in communal

associations called biofilms.

•Myxobacteria live in a social

community dependent on cell-to-cell
interaction and communitcation.

•Prokaryotes carry out many of the

same cellular processes as
eukaryotes.
Myxobacteria Fruiting Body
 Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes: The Similarities in
Organizational Patterns

•All organisms have similar genetic organization

whereby heredity material is expressed

•Both prokaryotes and eukaryotic cells have internal

compartments

•Metabolism occurs in the cytoplasm

•Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis

 Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes: The Structural
Distinctions

•Eukaryotes have membrane-enclosed organelles

•Protein/lipid transport in eukaryotes is carried out by

the endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus

•Mitochondria perform
cellular respiration in
eukaryotes

•Both eukaryotes and

prokaryotes can perform
photosynthesis
 Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes: The Structural
Distinctions Continued:

•The eukaryotic cytoskeleton gives the cell structure

and transports materials within the cell

•Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes use flagella for

motility, though the flagella differ structurally and
functionally in the two groups

•Many prokaryotes and eukaryotes have a cell wall to

help maintain water balance
 Bacteria and Archaea: The Structural Distinctions

•The plasma membranes of archaea differ from those

of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

•The cell walls of archaea are made of pseudomurein,

or some other combination of proteins and
carbohydrates, not peptidoglycan like prokaryotes

•DNA replication in archaea is more similar to that of

eukaryotes than prokaryotes

•Gene expression in archaea is more similar to that of

eukaryotes than prokaryotes
 A Bacterial Cell
A Prokaryotic Cell
AAEukaryotic Cell
Eukaryotic Cell
 Microscopy

Most Microbial Agents Are In the Micrometer Size Range

Most bacterial and archaeal cells are 1-5 micrometers

(µm) in length
 Light Microscopy is Used to Observe Most Microorganisms

•Visible light passes through multiple lenses and through the specimen

•Light microscopes usually have at least 3 lenses: low-power, high-power, and

oil immersion

•The lens system must have high resolving power to see the specimen clearly
The Oil Immersion Lense
Staining Techniques to Provide Contrast

• Simple Stain Technique

• Negative Stain Technique
• Gram Stain Technique
Simple and Negative Stains
Simple and Negative Stains
Gram Stain Technique
A mixture of Gram + and Gram - bacteria
End of Chapter 3