PART A

a) The figure 1 shows the circuit of a series resonance filter.

Figure 1

i) Use the following parameters to plot/measure the magnitude and phase frequency
response.

L C R ω min ω max
Measurement 1 100 mH 100 nF 200Ω 500 rad/s 50000 rad/s
Measurement 2 100 mH 100 nF 100 Ω 500 rad/s 50000 rad/s
Measurement 3 100 mH 100 nF 50 Ω 500 rad/s 50000 rad/s
Measurement 4 100 mH 100 nF 25 Ω 500 rad/s 50000 rad/s

Below is a diagram showing the oscillation of the first measurement at 80 Hz.

 Measurement 1
Frequency V output
80 Hz 1.4
250 Hz 5
500 Hz 10
750 Hz 18
1000 Hz 28
2000 Hz 55
3000 Hz 20
4000 Hz 14
5000 Hz 10
6000 Hz 8
8000 Hz 6

Measurement 2
Frequency V output
80 Hz 0.7
250 Hz 2.2
500 Hz 5
750 Hz 9
1000 Hz 14
2000 Hz 28
3000 Hz 10
4000 Hz 7
5000 Hz 5
6000 Hz 4
8000 Hz 3

Measurement 3
Frequency V output
80 Hz 0.36
250 Hz 1.1
500 Hz 2.2
750 Hz 4.2
1000 Hz 7
2000 Hz 15
3000 Hz 5
4000 Hz 3.2
5000 Hz 2.4
6000 Hz 2
8000 Hz 1.4
 Measurement 4

Frequency V output
80 Hz 0.18

250 Hz 0.55

500 Hz 1.1

750 Hz 2.2

1000 Hz 3.8

2000 Hz 7

3000 Hz 2.6

4000 Hz 1.7

5000 Hz 1.2

6000 Hz 1

8000 Hz 0.7

The first five measurement have the same F o but the Q factor is different.

The graph below shows the result from measurement 1-5

Determine the series resonant frequency and Q factor for each measurement, where,
 Series resonant frequency occurs at the maximum value of V-out and is defined
as fo------------------------1
  ωo = 2π fo -----------------2
 Q= 2π foL/R--------------3

Solution

1. fo= .

L= 100mH
C=100nF
= 1÷2π x 0.001=1÷0.0006283=1591.6
2. ωo= 2π x 1591.6 = 10000.32

3. Measurement 1Q = (2π x 1591.6 x 0.1)÷200= 1000.032÷200 = 5.00016

Measurement 2 Q when R= 100, Q= (2π x 1591.6 x 0.1) ÷ 100 =

10.0003
Measurement 3 Q when R = 50, Q= (2π x 1591.6 x 0.1)÷ 50 = 20.0006
Measurement 4 Q when R = 25, Q= (2π x 1591.6 x 0.1)÷ 25 = 40.001

ii) Use the following parameters t plot/measure the magnitude and phase frequency
response for

L C R ω min ω max
Measurement 5 100 mH 100 nF 200 Ω 500 rad/s 50000 rad/s
Measurement 6 200 mH 200 nF 200 Ω 250 rad/s 25000 rad/s
Measurement 7 400 mH 400 nF 200 Ω 125 rad/s 12500 rad/s
Measurement 8 800 mH 800 nF 200 Ω 60 rad/s 6000 rad/s

Measurement (5) will get the same result with measurement (1).

Measurement 6

Frequency V output
40Hz 1.4

80Hz 2.9

150Hz 5.5

200Hz 7.6
300Hz 12.4

400Hz 18.9

600Hz 46.7

800Hz 141.2

1000Hz 56.2

2000Hz 13.3

3000Hz 8.03

4000HZ 5.8

The graph below shows the result for measurement 6

Measurement 7

Frequency V output
20Hz 1.4

60Hz 4.5

80Hz 5.92

100Hz 7.6

150Hz 12.4

200Hz 18.9

300Hz 46.7

400Hz 141.2

700Hz 23.4

900Hz 15.4

1000Hz 13.3

2000Hz 5.9

The graph below show the result for measurement 7

 Measurement 8

Frequency V output
10Hz 1.4

40Hz 5.9

60Hz 9.4

80Hz 13.5

150Hz 46.7

200Hz 141.2

300Hz 32.6

400Hz 18.5

500Hz 13.3

600Hz 10.5

700Hz 8.7

800Hz 7.5

900Hz 6.6

1000Hz 5.9

The graph below shows the result for measurement 8

 iii) Determine the series resonant frequency and Q factor for each measurement.
 Measurement 6

F o=

o =2πfo = 2π x 795.78 = 5000.03 = 5000

 Measurement 7

Wo =2πfo = 2π x 397.887 = 2499.998

Q=

 Measurement 8

Fo =

Wo =2πfo =2π x 198.94= 1249.97

Q=

Given

To get rid of the j we take the square root

H (jw) =

We take frequency to be 1000 Hz

 From measurement 1.
Fo= 1591.6
Q= 5.0

 For measurement 2
Fo = 1591.6
F= 1000
Q= 10

 For measurement 3
Fo =1591.6
F= 1000
Q= 20

 For measurement 4
Fo =1591.6
F= 1000
Q= 40

 Measurement 5 will get the same result with measurement 1 because it has the same
values.

 For Measurement 6

Fo = 795.78
F = 1000
Q= 5
 For Measurement 7
Fo = 397.887
F = 1000
Q= 4.99

=0.0943

 For measurement 8
Fo = 198.94
F = 1000
Q= 4.9999

= 0.041

Comparison frequency is 1000 Hz

Measurement Measured value(Vout/Vin) Calculated value

1 0.28 0.2033
2 0.14 0.1033
3 0.07 0.051
4 0.038 0.0259
5 0.28 0.2033
6 0.562 0.398
7 0.133 0.10
8 0.059 0.041

The result shows that the measured value is close to the calculated value.

8. Derive equation 4 from first principles. Hint: V out =

 PART B

a) Investigate and explain what is meant by Bow’s Notation

Bow’s notation is a graphical process of representing coplanar forces and stresses, using
alphabetical letters, in the solution of stresses or in determining the resultant of a
system of concurrent forces.

Solution
Sum of upward forces = sum of downward forces
R1+R2= 24+30+20 ------ (a)

4 x R2= 30 x (3) + 20 x (2) + 24 x (1)

4R2= 24+40+90
4R2= 154

R2=

To get R1, substitute value of R2 into ---- (a)

R1 +38.5 = 24+30+20
R1= 74 – 38.5
R1= 35.5
Check for equilibrium 1= 1
35.5 + 38.5 = 24+ 30 + 20
74= 74
b) Figure 2 shows a free body diagram with all adjacent members of the truss spaced at 60
degrees.
24KN 30Kn

D
B F
E G

2 A 2

R1 Y 20KN X R2

Diagram of split drawing;

1. B 2. C
E B F

3. 30KN 4. D

G D X R2

5. E G

Y X

B
 X

F C

E Y

c) Figure 3 shows two masses connected via a frictionless pulley.

The system held stationary by the force located at F when M1=7kg and M2 = 9kg

M
2

M
1
Calculate the following when F is removed; then the tension is in the connecting line.

M1= T-7g = 7A

T-(7x9.81) =7A

T= 68.67 +7A

M2 = 9g-T = 9A

(9x9.81)-T=9A

88.29-T=9A

T=88.29-9A

From these equations the tension is still unknown.

A=

T=68.67+(7x1.226)=68.67 + 8.582=77.252N

The tension in the connecting line =77.252

  The acceleration and the velocity of M2 after 500ms
The acceleration is the same. The acceleration of M2 after 500s= 1.226m

V=A x T=1.226x0.5= 0.613m

The velocity of M2 after 500ms= 0.613 m/s

 The distance moved by M1 after 200ms

D=0.5 x A x = 0.5 x 1.226 x 0. = 0.5 x 1.226 x 0.04 = 0.5 x 0.04904 = 0.02452m
The distance moved by M1 after 200s = 0.02452m