tew 'DyeDusrf;opf rmwdum

opmESpfyg; cGJjycef;
orkwdESifhopm cGJodyg
rjzpfrkom; opmw&m;
ow Oap ESpfaxG'd|d
emrf"mwfav;yg;wdkYwGif pdwfqdkonfum;
vuPma&;okH;yg;wdkYudkjyqdkaytHh
t0o0wea|e[laompum;\
teuft"dyg ,fum;
rme\pGJvrf;jcif;rnfonfum;
Ak'b
momedAm efujkd yqk&d m\
oHo&m0#f'kurS uRwfvGwfjcif;qkdonfum;
'kwd,edAmef
wwd,edAmef
yxr edAmef&&efta&;BuD;
ynm&Sdrsm; pOfpm;&ef
ed,mr uxm
tew'DyeDusrf;opfrmwdum NyD;\/

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf
earm awoH owEH b*0EmeH t&[EmeH ormorK'geH/
,cktcg Ak'bmom vGefpGmta&;BuD;aom tew
tcsufBuD;wdkYukd? wynfh Sifukov avQmufxm;awmif; yefcsuf
t&? rkHGm v,fwDawm& q&migonf? Ak'bmom0if? Sifvl
taygif;rSp a,m*g0p&yk*dKvf? awmawmif cdk? Munfkd
av;Nrwf? 0dyemvky&f yf? txyfxyfBuKd ;pm;Muojzif?h PfomG ;
0&Zd e f ? wuf x G e f ; xd e f ? tS d e f B uD ; rm;? trsd K ;om;wd k Y t m;?
axmufxm;ajrmfI? a[majymrIt&m0,f? ya'omPfuJhodkY?
a0befydkif;jcm;? a[mMum;qkH;r? omoemawmfukdjyKpkMu&ef?
&nf o ef p d w f x m;jzif h ? w&m;oabmay:vG i f Pf t jrif
azmufxGif;? oefYSif;aomtm;? ar;avQmufaom w&m;wdkYukd
a&;om;csD;ajrmufaytHhownf;/
-----------op m ES p f y g; cG J j ycef ;
aS;OD;pGm opmESpfyg;cGJcef;ukd jyqdk&m\? opmESpfyg;
qdkonfum;1/ orKwd opm/
2/ y&rw opm
[lESpfyg; Sd\? xdkwGif-

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

orKwdopm qdkonfum;- avmu ow0grnfonf

trSefSd\? yk*Kdvfrnfonf trSefSd\? twrnfonftrSef&Sd\?
xdyk *k Kd vf ow0g tw ZD0wdo
Yk nf terw* oHo&m ukov
kd u
f H
tukov
kd u
f H ypfcs&modYk tpOfwpdu
k v
f u
kd
f tpOfrjywf usiv
f nf
ajymif;aTU aeMuukef\[k tcdkiftNrJ rSwf,lpGJvrf; ac:a0:
ajymqdkMujcif;onf orKwdopmrnf\/
xdkwGif ow0gSd\ [laompum;jzifh vl[l trSefSd\?
ewf[l trSefSd\? EGm; uRJ acG; 0ufMuuf iSuf wd&pmef
ow0g[l trSefSd\? a,musfm; rdef;r[l trSefSd\? ig[l
olwpfyg;[l trSef \
dS ? OD;acgif; ajc vuf rsupf d em; ESmacgif;
paom t*FgBuD;i,f[l trSefSd\? qHyif arG;nif; ajconf;
vufonf; oGm; ta& tom; taMum tkd; [l trSefSdf\
ponfjzifh xifrSwfpGJvrf; ac:a0:ajymqdkjcif;rsm;onfvnf;?
ow0gSd\ [laompum; yg0ifav\? yk*KdvfSd\ [laom
pum;onf? ow0gSd\[laom pum;ESifh txl;tjcm; rSdMu/
twSd\[laompum; twqdkonfum;? ow0gwdkY\
oE m ef r S m trmcH j zpf a om tES p f o m&uk d tw [ l qd k \ ?
Oyrmum;- ajrtdk;[laom pum; ajrqdkonfum; yx0D"mwf\
trnfaywnf;? td;k qdo
k nfum; t0ef;t0dik ;f paom td;k oPmef[k
qdktyfaom oPmeynwf\ trnfaywnf;/
ynwf[lonfvnf; oabmtm;jzifh trSefSd&if;r[kwf?

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

ajr"mwf t aygif ; tpk u k d tpG J j yK ow 0 gwd k Y \ pd w f x J w G i f

0ef;0dkif;onf[l xifjrif&aom tjcif;t&mrQomwnf;? odkYaomf
y&rwfESifh ynwfukd jcm;em; odEdkif&ef PfynmrSdaom
avmuDbo
Hk m;wdrYk mS ? ajr"mwftaygif; tpkonfyifvQif td;k jzpf\[k
ajrESifhtdk;ukd wpfckwnf;jyK rSwf,lMu\? xdkodkYrSwf,l&m
trSef adS omajronf? trSerf Sad omtd;k \ trmcHtESpo
f m& tw
jzpf&av\/ ajrrSdcJhaomf ajrtdk;[l rSdEdkif? ajrSdrSomvQif
ajrtdk;[lSdEdkif\? xdkaMumifh ajrtdk;\ tESpfom& twrnfay
ownf;/
xdt
k wl trSef jdS zpfaom cEmig;yg;ESihf trSef rdS [kwaf om
ow0g[laom oPmeynwfukd wpfckwnf; jyK rSwf,lMu&m
vnf; cEmig;yg;onf ow0gynwf\ trmcH tESpfom& tw
jzpf&av\? cEmig;yg; rSdcJhaomf ow0g[l rSdEdkif? cEmig;yg;
Srd o
S mvQif ow0g[l SEd ikd \
f / xdak Mumifh cEmig;yg;onf ow0g\
tESpo
f m& twrnfavownf;/ um; cEmig;yg;ukd tw[
l
jyqdkcsufwnf;? xdkrSwpfyg;vnf; cEmig;yg;rS tvGwfjzpfaom
cEmtdrf\ tSifocif[laom twonfSd\/
Oyrmum;
Oyrmum;- vlaoaumifrSm? bkwfwap0ifyl;ae&m
vlaoaumifonfwpfjcm;? bkwfwaponf wpfjcm;jzpfouJhodkY?
cEmig;yg; wpfjcm; cEmig;yg;ukd tkypf ;kd aeaom twonfwpfjcm;
[lvnf; ,lMu\? ZD0 qdkonfum; xdktw\ OD;acgif;ozG,f
jzpf xdktwukd ESpfSnfvrsm; wnfaeEdkifatmif apmifhaSmuf

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

aeaom toufSd\? xdktoufukd ZD0qkd\/ um; yk*dKvf

ow0g tw ZD0 av;yg;cGJcef;wnf;/ oPmefonftrSefSd\?
oEwdonf trSefSd\? edrdwfonf trSefSd\? tEkAseonf
trSef \
dS [lrSw,
f Ml u\/ xdw
k iG f oPmefqo
kd nfum; y&rmPkjrL
oPmef tPkjrL oPmefwdkYrSp? r[myx0DajrBuD; oPmef?
jrifhrdk&f awmifoPmefwdkifatmif t0ef;t0dkif; tvkH;tjym;?
taxmifh tauG;? tSnftwdk paomoPmef ynwfukd oPme
qdo
k nf/
oE w d qd k o nf u m; wpf c k w nf ; aom 0w K onf
wpf r d e pf wnf a e\? wpf e m&D w nf a e\? em&D a ygif ; rsm;pG m
wnf a e\? &uf a ygif ; rsm;pG m vaygif ; rsm;pG m wnf a e\?
ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm wnfae\? ow0gwpfa,mufonf? terw*
oHo&m b0aygif; rsm;pGm usiv
f nf ae&\[k ,ljcif;aywnf;/
ed r d w q d k o nf u m; ow0goPmef OD;acgif;oPmef?
ajcoPmef? vufoPmef? paomoPmef edrdwfrsdK; ukdqdk\?
xdkedrdwfonf okbedrdw tokbedrdw [lESpfyg;Sd\? xdkwGif
vSywifhw,fonf[l rSwf,lMuaom oPmefrsdK;onf okb
edrdwfrnf\? tokbedrdwfqdkonfum; rvSry rwifhrw,f [l
rSwf,lMuaom oPmefrsdK;onf tokbedrdwfrnf\/
tEk A s e qd k o nf u m; tae txdkif txt<u
toGm; tvm tjyKtrl tajymtqdk trl t&mrsKd ;ukd tEkAse
qd\
k ? xdt
k EkAse onfvnf; okb tokb [l ESpyf g;S\
d ? xdw
k iG f

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

aeykH ,Ofaus; onf? <uykH xykH ,Ofaus;onf? ponfjzifh rSwf,l

Muaom trlt&mrsdK;onf okb tEkAsersdK;rnf\? taetxdkif
dkif;pdkif;onf? tx t<u dkif;pdkif;onf ponfjzifh rSwf,lMuaom
trlt&mrsdK;onf tokb tEkAsersdK;rnf\/ ow0gwdkY\
ukd,ft*Fg? aumif;aomvuPm raumif;aomvuPm
oljrwf\vuPm ol,kwf\vuPm paom vuPmrsm;onf
vnf;okb tokb tEkAse rnf\/
um; oP m e oE w d ed r d w tEk A sO e cG J c ef ; wnf ; ?
jyqd k c J h j yD ; aom yk * d K vf - ow 0 g- tw - ZD 0 - oP m eoE w d - ed r d w - tEk A sO e - tvk H ; pk H ; onf ?
or K wd o p m rnf \ /um;or K wd o p m ud k
jyqd k c ef ; aywnf ; /
y&rw o p m qd k o nf u m;
m;? avmu oabmtm;jzif h
xif&Sm;&SdaeMuaom yx0D"mwf- tmayg"mwf- awaZm"mwf0ga,m"mwf- tmumo"mwf-0dnmP"mwf- z a0'em
tp&S d a om apwod u f " mwf - pu K aomwpaomk y f " mwf edAmef[laom tocFw"mwfrsm;udk y&rwopm[lqdk\/
um; y&rwopmudkjyqdkcef;wnf;/
---------------

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

xdo
k pmESpyf g;wdw
Yk iG -f orKwo
d pm[l aom
pum; tb,faMumifh orKwq
d o
kd enf;?
tb,fhaMumifh opmqdkoenf;[lrlum;/
ow yk*v
tw ZD0 tp&So
d nfwo
Ykd nf/ yx0D"mwf tmayg"mwf
tp&SdonfwdkYuJhodkY oabmtm;jzifhtoD; tjcm;xif&Sm; &Sdukef
onfr[kwf yx0D"mwf tmayg"mwf tp&SdonfwdkYudkpGJrSD
ow0gwdkY\ pdwfxJwGif xifjriftyfaomtjcif;t&m rQwdkYom
wnf;/ xdktjcif; t&mrQwdkYudkyif {uef&Sd trSef&Sd[k tcdkiftjrJ
pGv
J rf;Muukejf y;D vQif trnfemr toD;toD;wif avmuDbo
Hk m;
vltrsm;wdkYtpOftquf ac:a0:orkwf aeMuonftwGuf
aMumifh orKwdac:ayownf;/
ork w d E S i f h op m
cG J o d y g

xdo
k aYkd c:a0:Mu&mvnf; avmuDbo
Hk m;
wdkY trsm;nDnm ac:a0:dk;&SdMuonfh t
wdkif; yk*dKvfonftrSef&Sd\? ow0gonf
trS e f & S d \ / tw Z D 0 onf t rS e f & S d \ [l xd k o l w d k Y t v,f
ajymqdjk im;aomfvnf;? wpfpw
Hk pfa,muf aomolurkd Q vSnphf m;jcif;
rjzpf? rkom0g'rjzpf? rkom0g'rjzpfaomaMumifh opm[l
qd&k ownf;/
um; orKwd ac:aMumif;-opmac:aMumif;udk
jyqdkcsufaywnf;/
rjzpf r k o m;
op m w&m;

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

orKwdopmonf rkom0g'rQudkom y,fEdkif\? oabm

tm;jzifh {uef&Sd\[k rSwf,lodjrifMuaom onm0dyvmo
pdw0dyvmo 'd|d0dyvmo [laom0dyvmow&m;rsm;udkrlum;
ry,fEdkifacs tb,faMumifhenf;qdkaomf 0dyvmow&m;wdkY\
ynwfcsufxJwGif tygt0ifjzpfaomaMumifhwnf;/ / xdkYaMumifh
yifvQif yk*dKvf ow0g tw ZD0 tp&Sdaom tjcif;t&mrsm;onf
azmufvJazmufjyef jzpfwwfaomaMumifh orKwdopm[lom
qd k t yf \ ? y&rw o p m [l rqd k t yf ? tb,f o d k Y azmuf v J
azmufjyefjzpfoenf; [lrlum; 0dyvmow&m; xif&Sm;&Sdaeaom
olrmS xdo
k Pme ynwf oEwyd nwf? tp&Sad omynwfrsm;onf
{uef&SdtrSef&Sd[k jzpfae\? 0dyvmow&m;udky,fjyD;aomtcg?
xdkolrSmyifxdkynwfrsm;onf {uef&Sdr[kwf? trSef&Sd- r[kwf[k
jzpf & jyef \ ? ok d Y a zmuf v J a zmuf j yef j zpf w wf a omaMumif h
y&rwopm[lrac:tyf/
yx0D"mwf tmayg"mwf tp&SdonfwdkYudk tb,fhaMumifh
y&rwfac:oenf;[lrlum;? yx0D"mwf tmayg"mwf tp&Sdaom
"mwfobm0rsm;onf yk*Kd vo
f Pmef ow0goPmef tp&So
d nfrsm;
uJhokdY pdwfxJwGif xifjrif&aom teufrsdK;r[kwf? oabmtm;jzifh
{uef&SdaomteufrsdK;jzpfaomaMumifh orKwdynwfteufrsm;
xuf? vGefuJaomteufjzpfacs y&rw ac:qdk&ownf;/
xdkyx0D"mwf tmayg"mwf tp&Sdaom oabmrsm;onf
vnf; avmuwGif {uef&t
dS rSe&f [
dS k rSw,
f o
l nftwdik ;f b,ftcg

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

rSmrS {uef&Sdr[kwfjyefjyD? trSef&Sdr[kwfjyefjyD[k azmufjyefjcif;

r&Sjd cif;aMumifh opmac:ayownf;/ y&rwopmonfomvQif
rkom0g'ESifhwuG onm0dyvmo pdw0dyvmo 'd|d0dyvmo
[laom 0dyvmow&m;wdkYudk? tukeftpify,fazsmufEdkif\/
um; y&rwopm rnfaMumif;udkjy qdkcsufaywnf;/
------------y&rwopmonfvnf; obm0opm t&d,opm[l
ESpfyg;&dS\/ xdkwGifobm0op m qd k o nf u m;
m;- aumif ; aomcsrf ; omud k
ay;wwfaomobm0aMumifh ukodkvfqdk&aomw&m;onf&Sd\/
csrf;ompGmcHpm;rI obm0aMumifh okca0'emac:&aom a0'em
aumif;onfvnf;&Sd\/
um; obm0opmaywnf;/
obm0qd k o nf u m;
m;- raumif ; usd K ;ud k ay;wwf a om
obm0aMumifh tukodkvfqdk&aom w&m;onf &Sd\? qif;&JpGm
cHpm;rIobm0aMumifh 'kua0'emac:&aom a0'emqdk;onf
vnf;&S\
d ? odYk obm0csi;f jcmem;vsuf &Sad eaomaMumifh ukov
tukov[l ESprf sKd ;ac:&jyef\
f ? odo
Yk bm0ESpyf g;jcm;em;vsuf
&dSaeaomaMumifh okca0'em 'kua0'em[l ESpfrsdK;ac:&jyef\/
um; obm0opmtvdkwnf;/
t&d , op m qd k o nf u m;
m;- b,f t cgrS m rS obm0
a0g[m&tm;jzifh vIyfSm;jcif;rSdaomaMumifh t&d,opmqdkay

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

ownf;? vIyfSm;jcif;rSdykHum;- obm0opm avmuDukodkvf

wq,fhckepfck onf? aumif;aom tusdK;ukday;wwfonf[kqdk\?
t&d,opmodkY a&mufonfSdaomf xdkavmuDukodkvf wpfq,fh
ckepfckonf jzpfcsKyfwwfaom raumif;aomw&m;rsdK;jzpfaom
aMumifh 'kuopmjzpf& jyef\? xdkukodkvfwdkY\ tusdK;jzpfaom
ukov0dygufw&m;rsm;onfvnf; 'kuopmjzpf&jyef\? raumif;
aomopm raumif;aomw&m; rcsrf;omaom w&m;rsm;[l
qdv
k \
kd /
tb,fhaMumifhraumif;oenf; rcsrf;omoenf;qdkaomf
ud a vomw&m;wd k Y \ pm;zwf 0g;zwf ok H ; oyf e if ; e,f & m
tmkHw&m;rsm;jzpfaomaMumifhvnf;aumif; avmbrD; a'gorD;
arm[rD; tpSdaom rD;wpfq,fhwpfyg;wdkY\ awmufavmif&m
rD;pmw&m;rsm;jzpfavaomaMumifhvnf;aumif;wnf;/
odv
Yk Qif obm0opmonf t&d,opmukd axmufaomf
vIyf mS ;jcif;S\
d ? t&d,opmrSmrlum; tocFwjzpfaom edAm efonf
omvQif aumif;usdK;csrf;omtrSefjzpf\? edAmefodkY a&mufapwwf
aom avmukw&m r*if&Spfyg;onfomvQif aumifusdK;csrf;omudk
ay;wwfaomw&m;jzpf\? edAm efukd aumif;usKd ;csr;f omqdjk cif;
onf vIy&f mS ;jcif;r&d?S tcgcyford ;f Nr\
J ? NraJ omaumif;usKd ;csr;f omudk
ay;wwfaomaMumifhr*if&Spfyg;onf aumif;usdK;csrf;omudk
ay;wwf a omw&m;trS e f j zpf \ ? vI y f & S m ;jcif ; r&d S ? xd k a Bumif h

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

10

t&d,opmac:ayownf;?
um; obm0opm t&d,opm
ESpyf g;cGcJ ef;wnf;/
odYk orKwo
d pm yrwopmtm;jzifEY pS yf g;So
d nfwiG f ow
yk*v tpSdaom o&wdopmbuf if;orKwdopmudk tpJGjyK
jzpfyGg;aomw&m;rsdK;um; tukodkvfw&m; ukodkvfw&m; [l
ESpfrsdK;dS\/ xdkwGiftuk o d k v f w &m;rsd K ;qd k o nf u m;
m;? 'kpdkufw&m;q,fyg;
tukovuryxw&m;q,fyg; rmwkCmwu ydwkCmwutp
Sdaom yOmeE&d,uHBuD;;ig;yg; oum,'d|dESpfq,f rdpm'd|d
ajcmufq,fhESpfyg; ed,w rdpm'd|dBuD;okH;yg; w&m;wdkYonf?
orKwdopmudk tpJGjyKjzpfyGg;aom tukvfw&m;wdkYaywnf;/
orKwd opmudk tpJGjyK jzpfyGg;aom ukodkvfw&m;
rsdK;um;? 'ge oDv bm0em w&m;okH;yg; okpkdufw&m;q,fyg;
ormywfSpfyg; avmuD tbdnmPfajcmufyg; oaAowm oaA
ygPm tpdo
S nfjzifv
h maom jA[0[
d m&w&m;Bu;D av;yg; bk&m;
tavmif; yapuAk'g tavmif; t&d,mom0utavmif; [laom
tavmif;tvsmwdYk jznfu
Y siyYf g ;rsm;Buaom 'geyg&rD oDvyg&rD
tpdSaomyg&rDq,fyg; 'geOyyg&rD oDvOyyg&rD tpdSaom
Oyyg&rDq,fyg; 'gey&rwyg&rD oDvy&rwyg&rD tpdSaom
y&rwyg&rDq,fyg; w&m;wdkYonf orKwdopmudk tpGJjyK
jzpfyGg;aom ukodkvfw&m;aywnf;/

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

11

yx0D"mwf tmayg"mwf tpdSaom? y&rwopm buf

vnf;aumif; y&rwopmudk tpGJjyKjzpfyGg;aom ukodkvfw&m;
rsdK;um;- 0dok'd ckepfyg;wdkYwGif 'd|d0dok'dtpdkaom txuf0dok'd
ig;yg; 0dyemPfq,fyg; r*fav;yg; zkv
d af v;yg; edAm efw&m;rsm;
aywnf;? w&m;wkdYonf y&rwopmukd tpGJjyK jzpfyGg;aom
w&m;wkdYaywnf;/
avmu tMuifolwkdYonf orKwdopmukd jiif;y,fMu
uke\
f ? xko
d w
l o
Ydk nf 'geoDv bm0em tpSad om ukov
dk w
f &m;rsK;d
tavmif;tvsmwkYd jznfu
h siyhf gG ;rsm;tyfaom yg&rDrsK;d ESihf a0;uGmMu
uke\
f / tMuifow
l o
Ydk nf y&rwopmukd jiif;y,fMuuke\
f ? xko
d l
wko
Yd nf 'd|0d o
d 'k d tpSad omw&m; r*fPf zkv
d
f Pf edAm efw&m;
wkdYrS a0;Muukef\/
t&m y&rwf o N* K [f u k d avh u suf M uuk e f a om
tcsKdUaomolwkdYonf? orKwdopmukd vkH;vkH;y,fMuukef\/ /
y,fyu
Hk m;- avmu yk*K v
d f ow0g twZ0D [l rS?d kyef mrfw&m;
cEmig;yg;om trSef \
dS ? xkcd Emig;yg;onfvnf; b0tqk;H oku
Yd s
pkwu
d rZkycf sKy&f mwGif tukev
f ;Hk csKyq
f ;Hk Muavuke\
f ? b0wpfyg;
ul;ajymif; oGm;Ekdifaom w&m;[l wpfckrQrSd? yk*Kdvf ow0g
twZ0D [lvnf; cEmig;yg;ukpd rJG
DS orkwt
f yfaom ynwfw&m;
rQomwnf;? xkdYaMumifh xkdynwfw&m;rsm;onfvnf; ,ckb0
aoMuaomtcg cEmig;yg;ysufqkH; &mwGif tukefysufqkH;Mu&\?
b0wpfyg;okdY ajymif;oGm;Ekdifaom yk*Kdvf ow0g twZD0[l

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

12

wpfpw
Hk pfcrk QrS?d avmu yk*K v
d f o
dS nf ow0gSo
d nf two
dS nf
ZD0Sdonf[k ,lrSwfajymqkd Muaomt&monf tvGefrSm;\/
um; orkwdopmukd vkH;vkH;y,fykHwnf;/
tajzum;- yk*K v
d f ow0g twZ0D [laom ynwfrsm;
onf cEmig;yg;ukd tpGJjyK jzpf\? jzpfykHum; cEmig;yg;taygif;
tpkudk tpGjJ yK yk*Kd vf \
dS ? ow0gS\
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dS ? ZD0S\
d [kjzpf\?
cEmig;yg;wkdY\ jrpfa&t,OfuJhokdY tpOfrysuf qufvuf jzpfygG;
vsuf aeonfukd tpGJjyK ow0gonf yxrt&G,frSvnf;
'kwd,t&G,fokdYa&muf\? b0rSvnf; xkdb0okdYa&muf\?
xkdb0rSvnf; b0okdYa&muf\[k orkwdopmw&m; xifSm;Sd
ae\? tMuifrQavmufaom umvywfvkH; udavomtmoa0g
uif; y&dedAmefpHjcif;okdYra&mufao;? xkdrQavmufaom umv
ywfvkH; cEmig;yg;onfvnf; jrpfa&t,OfuJhokdY tpOfrjywf
jzpfygG;vsufomae\? cEmig;yg; jrpfa&t,OfuJhokdY tpOfrjywf
jzpforQumvywfv;Hk ow0gonf xkb
d 0okaYd &muf\? xko
d w0g
onf b0okaYd &mufvm\[laom orkwo
d pmw&m;onfvnf;
tpOfwnfxGef;vsufSdonfomvQifwnf;/
t&m ar;&ef\
dS ? tb,foYdk ar;&efo
dS enf;[lru
l m;
b0wGif raorDtwGif; cEmig;yg;onf jrpfa&t,OfuJhokdY
tpOfrjywfjzpfaejcif;aMumifh ow0gynwfonfvnf; xkt
d pOfudk
trSDjyK wnfaeonfum; rSefay\? vlUjynfrS pkaw
txufewfjynf jA[mhjynfwkdY jzpf&onf[laompum; vlU

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

13

jynfrpS ak w atmufi&JjynfwYdk jzpf&onf[al om pum;rsm;rSm

pkwd&mXmeESifh jzpf&mXmersm;onf tvGefa0;pGm uGmjcm;vsuf
SdaomaMumifh cEmig;yg;onf tpOftjywfBuD; jywfonfr[kwf
ygavm?h cEmig;yg; tpOftjywfBu;D jywfcahJ omf yk*K v
d f ow0gonf
vnf; tjywfBu;D jywfavawmhonf r[kwyf g avmh[k ar;&ef\
dS /
tajzum; vl U jynf r S p k a w txuf e wf j ynf
jA[mhjynfwkdY jzpf&onf[laompum; vlUjynfrS pkaw
atmuf i &J j ynf w k d Y jzpf & onf [ l a om pum;rsm;rS m vnf ;
pkaw&mXmeESifh jzpf&mXmersm;onf tvGefa0;pGmuGmjcm;vsuf
SdaomMumifh Xmea'o tvkdtm;jzifh tvGefa0;pGm uGmjcm;vsuf
Sad omfvnf; cPumv tvkt
d m;jzifh tpOfrjywfonfomjzpf\/
rjywf y k H u m; vlUjynfrS pkaw txufewfjynf
jA[mhjynfwkdY jzpfMu&onfrSmvnf; vlUjynf pkwdpdwf\
bifcPESifh ewfjynf jA[mhjynf y#doaE Oyg'fcPonf
rsufawmifwpfcwf vQyfwpfjyuf cPumvukd tpdwfwpf
taxmifpw
d af omfvnf; wpfpw
d pf mrQ uGmjcm;jcif;rS?d wpfpOfwnf;
wpfqufwnf;yif qufvsufSd\? ewfjA[mwkdY\ ewfrsufpd
tbdnmOf& &aoh &[ef;wkdY\ tbdnmOf rsufpdwkdYukd vlUjynf
ewfjynf jA[mhjynf i&Jjynf tESHUtjym; jzefYcif; xkdvlUjynfrS
aoaomol\ tvm;tvmukd MunfhIaecJhaomf olonf
vlUjynfrS pkaw txufb,fbHk b,fb0rSm jzpfav\ [lvnf;
aumif;? atmufb,fi&JjynfrSm jzpfav\[lvnf;aumif;
wpfqufwnf; wpfpOfwnf; xifEkdifMujrifEkdifMuonf omjzpf\/

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

14

Oyrmum; wd r f w k d u f r S m vQyf j yuf o nf u k d Munf h I

aeMu&m vQyfjyuf&mXmeESifh vQyfa&mifa&muf&m ajrtjyifonf
tvGefuGmjcm;vsufSdaomfvnf; wdrfwkduf vQyfjzpfay:aom
cPESihf ajrtjyif vQyaf &mifus a&mufaomcPonf wpfNyKd ief uf
wpfcsufwnf;uJhokdY qufvufvsufSdaomaMumifh wdrfwkdufu
vQyfonfyifvQif ajrtjyifokdY a&mufvmonf[k rsufjrif'd|
rSwf,lEkdifMuouJhokdYwnf;/
pum; ewfrsufpd tbdnmOf rsufpdwkdYjzifh MunfhI
aeaom olwkdYrSm pkawaom ol\ pkwdpdwf\ bifcPukdyif
jrifEkdifMuonfr[kwf xkdow0g onfyifvQif xkdcEmrSxGuf
b,fbkH b,fb0rSm jzpfav\[k wpfqufwnf; qufvsuf
xifjrif&av\ tMum;rlum; twZD0rnfonf tvGefodfrfarGU
vS\ tul;tajymif;vnf; tvGev
f sijf refv\
S okt
Yd vGeo
f rfd af rGU
vS tvGev
f sijf refvaS omaMumif?h aSUb0 pkwEd iS hf aemufy#doaE\
tMum; ul;ajymif; oGm;onfukdrlum; rxifEkdifMu rjrifEkdifMu
S\
d [k rSw,
f Ml uuke\
f ? vQyOf yrmvnf; vQyjf zpf&mXmeESihf vQyf
a&muf&mXme\tMum; aumif;uifjyifwGif vQyfoGm;onfukd
rjrif&aomfvnf;? tvGefvsifjrefvSaomaMumifhomvQif rjrif&
onf? xkv
d Qyo
f nfru
l m; jzpf&mwdrw
f u
dk rf o
S nf ajrtjyifusatmif
aumif;uifrmS yif vGiphf ifvmcJo
h nf trSejf zpf\[k rSw,
f El idk Mf u
ouJhokdYwnf;? okdYvQif vlUjynfrSpkaw ewfjynf jA[mjynf
i&JjynfwrYdk mS jzpfMu&mvnf;? cEmtpOfonf rjywfonfomjzpf\?

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

15

cEmtpOfrjywfcahJ omf xko

d w0gynwfonfvnf; rjywfavawmh
onfomvQifwnf;? avmurlum; tcsKdUtcsKdUaom olwkdYonf
pkwEd iS yhf #doaEonf cPumvtm;jzifh wpfqufwnf; qufvsuf
Sdaeonfukd rBuHrdMurl Xmea'otm;jzifh tvGefa0;pGmuGmjcm;
csufukdom xifjrif aeMuojzifh aSUb0 aemufb0qufvuf
Ekdif&efrSd[k a,mif0g;BuD;jzpf aeMu\/
wGifa&GUum; orKwdopm
y&rwopmcGcJ ef;Ny;D /
-------ow Oap ES p f a xG ' d | d
avQmufvTmwGifygSdaom ow'd|d Oap''d|dESpfyg;ukd
jyqdkaytHh? xdk'd|dESpfyg;onf tw'd|dvQift&if;Sd\? tw'd|dSd
aeaomolwdkYomjzpf\? tw'd|d SdaeykHum; tw'd|d\ tpGrf;
owdonf- 0DwdurtpGrf;owdwpfyg;?
- y&d,k|metpGrf;owdwpfyg;?
- tEko,tpGrf;owd wpfyg;
[l okH;yg;&Sd\? xdkwGif- 0D w d u r tpG r f ; ow d q d k o nf u m; tw ' d | d E S i f h
,SOfaom avmbrlpdwfjzifhudk,ft*FgEIwft*FgwdkYudk
vIyf&Sm;apEkdifaom owd qdkvkdonf/
- y&d , k | metpG r f ; ow d q d k o nf u m; pdwfraem\
twGif;om aZmudpESifhx<ujcif;iSm pGrf;Edkifaom

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

16

tpGrf;owdonf? y&d,k|metpGrf;owdrnf\/
- tEk o ,tpG r f ; ow d q d k o nf u m; aZmudpESifhrQ
x<ujcif; r&Srd
l pdwt
f pOf tjru
J ed ;f 0yfiyk v
f QKd ;vsuf
yg&S d aeaom tpG r f ; ow d o nf tEk o ,tpG r f ;
owdr nf\/
pdwfoEmef xdktEko,tpGrf;owd &Sdaeao;oa&GU
umvywfvkH; xdkolrSmtw'd|dr&SdjyD[lrqkdtyf? tw'd|drsdK;
jywfonfr[kwfao;? aemiftw'd|d jzpfay:cGifh qdkufvmcJhaomf
0Dwdurudpwdkifatmif x<uaomif;usef;vmvwHU/
Oyrmum; jA[mjynfjzpfaomolwdkYrSm toufxufqkH;
a'go[l taiGYtoufrQrxif txufqkH;jzpf aomb0*fbkH
jzpfaomolwdkY\oEmefrSm urmBuD;&Spfaomif;av;axmif umv
ywfvkH; a'go[l taiGUtoufrQrxif? odkYaomfxdkolwdkYrSm
a'gor&Sd[krqdk&? xdkolwdkY\pdwfoEmefrSm a'goonf tEko,
ud p E S i f h w nf & S d \ ? xd k o l r sm;onf umrbk H o d k Y a &muf v mMu
ted|tmkH ESifhawGYMuHKMuaomtcg xdka'goonf 0Dwdurudp
wd k i f a tmif x<uaomif ; usef ; vmvw H U ? xd k t wl t w ' d | d
onfvnf; tMuifrQavmufaomumvywfvkH; orx0dyem
bm0emwdkYjzifh bdEdSyfy,f&Sm;xm;\? xdkrQavmufaom umv
ywfvkH; xdkol\pdwfoEmefrSm tw'd|donftaiGY toufrQrxif?
odkYaomfxdkolrSmtw'd|d r&SdjyD[lrqdk&? tEko,udpESifh wnf&Sd
onfomjzpf\/ aemiforx 0dyemtvkyfudk vufvTwf
tw'd|djzpf&m tcGifhESifhawGUBuHKaomtcg tw'd|donf 0dodur

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

17

udpwdkifatmif x<uaomif;usef;vmvwHU? odkY tEko,

udpESifh wnf&Sdaomolonf tw'd|d&Sdaeaom olrnf\?
tw'd|d&SdaeaomolomvQif xdk'd|dESpfyg;onf jzpfEdkif\? xdkwGif
tMuifolonf cEmig;yg;ESifhtwZD0udk wpfckwnf;jyK,l\?
xdkolonfOap''d|dodkYa&muf\/
a&mufykHum;
m;- cEmig;yg;ESit
hf wZ0D onf wpfcw
k nf; jzpf\?
cEmig;yg;onfvnf; wpfb0wGif wpfcgtukev
f ;Hk csKyq
f ;Hk NrJ "rwm
jzpf\? cEmig;yg;csKyfqkH;vQifvnf; twZD0onfcsKyfqkH;av
awmhonfomjzpf\? twZD0onfcsKyfqkH;vQifvnf; yk*dKvfow0g
onf csKyfqkH;avawmhonfomjzpf\? bkHwpfyg;b0wpfyg;odkY
ajymif;oGm;jcif;[lr&Sd? yk*dKvfow0gonfaoonfrSaemuf
bkw
H pfyg;b0wpfyg;odYk ajymif;oGm;&onf [laom t,lpum;onf
r[kwf? rSm;\/
um; Oap''d|djzpfykHwnf;/
--------'d | d o nf tvG e f q d k ; 0g\? uk o d k v f u H tuk o d k v f u H
wdu
Yk v
kd nf;aumif; xdu
k \
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Yk v
kd nf;aumif; y,fzsuyf u
kH m;xdk'd|d tvdktm;jzifhcyfodrf;aom ow0gwdkYrSm ypKyefwpfb0om
&SdMu\? twdwfb0[lvnf; r&SdMu? tem*wfb0[lvnf;
r&SdMuaomaMumifh? tem*wfb0tusdK;iSm ypKyefb0jyKvkyfMu
aom ukov
kd f tukov
kd rf w
I o
Ykd nfvnf; tusKd ;r&Sd tcsn;f ES;D omjzpf
uke\
f ? ukov
kd t
f &m psmeformywfBu;D wdu
Yk kd yGg;rsm; xm;aomf

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

18

vnf; aemufb0twGuf tusKd ;r&S?d tukov

kd t
f &m trdtbudk
owfaomfvnf; aemufb0twGuf tjypfr&Sd? um; uHudkvnf;
aumif; uH\tusKd ;udv
k nf;aumif; tcsi;f cyford ;f y,fjcif;wnf;?
um; Oap''d|d t,l&Sdaomolonf aoonf\tjcm;rJh
ok*wdb0odYk ra&mufEikd Nf y?D tyg,fav;yg; wpfvrf;oGm; om&S\
d ?
xdkrSwpfyg;vnf; twZD0onf txufewfbHkjA[mbHkwdkYwGif
b,fbHkodkYa&mufrS jywfonf[l ,lMuaom Oap''d|d t,lrsm;
onf&Sdao;\/
Oap''d|doabmudk jyqdkcef;NyD;\/
-------------ow'd|d tMuifolonf cEmig;yg;ESifh twZD0ukd
wpfjcm;pD[,
k \
l /
Oyrmum; avmutdrf[lSd\? tdrfSifjzpfaomvl
[lS\
d ? xkv
d o
l nf tdrEf iS phf yfaom trIupd w
u
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ay\? tdraf pmifeh wf [lvnf;S\
d ? xked wfonf kad opGmuk;d uG,f
onfSdaomf xkdtdrfukdvnf;aumif;? xkdtdrfSifukdvnf;aumif;
tE&m,f rS?d toufSnfpGmae&atmif apmifhaSmufay\/
Oyrm cEmig;yg;onf tdrEf iS w
hf \
l twonf tdr&f iS f
wl\ cEmig;yg;ukd tkyfpkd; jrifjcif; Mum;jcif; oGm;jcif; vmjcif;
ajymjcif; qkdjcif; BuHjcif; pnfjcif; tpSdaom udpwkdYukd pD&if
aqmif&Gufay\? ZD0onf tdrfapmifhewfESifhwl\/

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

19

xkdcEm xkdtwwkdYukd toufSnfatmif apmifhaSmufay\?

aoaomtcgrlum; cEmonfomvQif csKyfqkH;\ twZD0onf
rlum; csKyq
f ;Hk onf[
l rS?d xkcd EmrSxu
G
f ukov
dk u
f H tukov
dk u
f H
ypfcs&m cEmtopfodkY ajymif; a&TUav\? yk*dKvfow0gonfvnf;
twZD0ajymif;a&TU&m tNrJvkdufyg&av\? terw*oHo&mrSm
enf;twkdif; usifvnfajy;oGm; aeMu&av\/
um; ow'd|doabmwnf;/
---------'d|duHESpfuH tusKd;ukd jrpfy,fjcif;rSd? pkawonfrS
aemuf ok*wdb0okdYvnf; a&mufEkdif\? 'd|dukd rpGefYorQ
umvywfv;Hk y&rwopmESihf a0;uGm\? xkrd w
S pfyg;vnf; txuf
ewfbkH jA[mbkHwkdYwGif b,fbkHokdYa&mufvQif tkdjcif; aojcif;
ajymif;a&TUjcif;rSd? xm0&tNrJwnfae&\? xdkbkHokdYra&muforQ
umvywfv;Hk ? tdjk cif; aojcif; ajymif;a&TUjcif;r&S?d xm0& tNrw
J nf
ae&\ xdkbHkwdkY ra&muforQumvywfvHk; tkdjcif; aojcif;
ajymif;a&TUjcif;ukd rvGeMf u[k,al om ow'd|rd sm;vnf; SMd u\/
xdrk w
S pfyg;vnf; txufq;Hk jzpfaom aumif;uifbBHk u;D rSm
terw*oHo&mwGif tpOfxm0& tNrJwnfaeaom r[mjA[m
rif;BuD;onfSd\? urmukdvnf;aumif; ow0gwdkYudkvnf;aumif;
xdkjA[mrif;BuD;onf zefqif;ay\? xdkjA[mrif;BuD;onf rdrdudk
,kMH unfpmG ud;k uG,Mf uaom oltaygif;wdu
Yk kd aoonf\ tjcm;rJh
teEwefc;kd awmfjzif?h rdrx
d o
H Ydk a&mufatmif u,fwifay\? xdo
k Ydk

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

20

a&mufMuukeaf om oltaygif;wdo
Yk nf xdt
k eEaumif; uifbBHk u;D rSm
tdkjcif; aojcif;uif;vGwf xm0&csrf;omBuD;ukd &Muav
ukef\[l ,laom ow'd|donf Sd\/
xkdrSwpfyg;vnf; ow0gtaygif;wdkYonf r*fPf
zkdvfPf edAmefukdr&ao;orQ umvywfvkH; oHo&mrSm twZD0
ESifhwuG usifvnf aeMu&ukef\? r*fPf zkdvfPfukd&
y&deAd m efpMH uaomtcgrS twZ0D ESiw
hf uG jywfjird ;f Muuke\
f [l
,laomow'd|donf Sd\/
tcsKd Uaomolwu
Ykd y&deAd m efpMH uaom tcgvnf; rjywfMu
ukefao;? tocFwedAmefbkHokdY ul;ajymif;Muukef xkdedAmefbkHrSm
tdjk cif; emjcif aojcif; rS?d xm0&csr;f omukd cHpm; aeMu&uke\
f
[laom ow'd|dvnf;Sd\/
um; ow'd|doabmwnf;/
xkd'd|dESpfyg;wdkYukdy,fEkdifaom orm'd|dPfonfum;orkwdopmzuf orkwdopmtaeESifh ajzmifhrwf
pGmjrifEkdifaom orm'd|dPfvnf;wpfyg;?
y&rwopmzuf y&rwopmtaeESihf ajzmifhrwf
pGm jrifEkdifaom orm'd|dPfvnf;wpfyg;
[lESpyf g;S\
d /
xkdwGif y&rwopmzuf orm'd|dPfonf- 'd|d0dok'dPfwpfyg;
- ucFg0dw&P0do'k
d Pfwpfyg;
- 0dyemPfwpfyg;

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

21

- t&d,mr*fPfwpfyg;
[l av;yg;Sd\/
xkdav;yg;aomPfwdkYjzifh tw'd|dukd y,fzsuf&m\?
tw'|d o
d nf tEko,udpr Q t<uif;tuserf Sd csKyNf ird ;f onfadS omf
txufewfbkH jA[mhbkHwdkYwGif ow'd|d Oap''d|dESpfyg;wdkY
onfvnf; t<uif;tusefrSd csKyfjidrf;ukef\? orm'd|dPf
av;yg;wdkYwGif'd | d 0 d o k ' d Pf q k d o nf u m; y&rww&m;ESifh ynwf
w&m;wdkY\ jcm;em;csufukd aumif;pGmjrifEkdifaomPfwnf;?
xk
d Pfonf tw'|d rd S txl;pifMu,faomaMumifh 'd|0d o
d 'k
d Pf
rnf\/
ucgF0dw&P0dok'dPfqkdonfum; y&rwopmzuf
y#dporkyg'fenf; y|mef;enf;wdkYjzifh taMumif;w&m; tusdK;w&m;
wdu
Yk dk aumif;pGmjrifEidk af omPfwnf;? xk
d Pfonf tw'|d v
d Qif
t&if;Sdaom ,kHrSm;jcif;Spfyg; ,kHrSm;jcif; wpfq,fhajcmufyg;wdkYrS
txl;pifMu,faomaMumifh ucFg0dw&P0dok'drnf\/
0dyemPfqkdonfum; y&rwopmzuf avmuD
cEm w&m;wdkY\ tedptcsuf 'kutcsuf tew tcsufwdkYukd
aumif;pGm jrifEkdifaom Pfwnf;/
t&d,r*fPfqdkonfum; avmukw&mr*if&Spfyg;wGif
yg&Sdaomorm'd|daywnf;? xdkPfonf aomwmywddr*fPf
ou'g*grdr*fPf tem*grdr*fPf t&[wr*fPf[l
av;yg;&S\
d /

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

22

xdkav;yg;wdkYwGif aomwmywdr*fPfonf tw'd|dESifh

0dpu
d pd m wdu
Yk kd t<uif;rJyh ,fjzwfEikd \
f ? tw'|d u
d kd y,fonf[al om
pum;vnf; tw'd|d\tEko,udpudk y,fonf[kqdkvdk\?
xdt
k Eko,udpo
nfvnf; tMurf; tvwf tEk tEkxuftEk[
l
av;yg;&Sd\? xdkwGif- 'd|d0dok'dPfonftMurf;udkomy,fEdkif\/
- ucFg0dw&P 0dok'dPfonf? tvwfudky,fEdfkif\/
- 0dyemPfonf? tEkudky,fEdkif\/
- aomwmywdr*fPfonf? tEkxuftEkudk t<uif;
tusefr&Sdy,fEdkif\/
0d p d u d p m ud k y ,f o nf [ l a om pum;vnf ; xd k t wl
tEko,udk y,fjcif;yifwnf;/
y&rw o p m zuf tb,f r Qavmuf a om w&m;ud k
aumif;pGmjrifonf&adS omf tw'|d \
d tEko,udp av;csuw
f u
Ykd ?kd
tpOftwdkif;y,fEdkifygoenf; [lrlum;/
kyfw&m;zuf- yx0D"mwfwpfyg;?
- tmayg"mwfwpfyg;?
- awaZm"mwfwpfyg;?
- 0ga,m"mwfwpfyg;?
- tmumo"mwfwpfyg;
[lig;yg;/

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

23

emrfw&m;zuf-

0dnmPfwpfyg;?
a0'emwpfyg;?
onmwpfyg;?
apwemwpfyg;
[lav;yg;/
xdkkyfemrfw&m;wdkY &Sdaeaom- Zmwdwpfyg;?
- Z&mwpfyg;?
- r&Pwpfyg;
[lok;H yg;/
xdkkyfw&m; wdkYudkjzpfyGm;apwwfaom uH pdwf Owk
tm[m&[ltaMumif;w&m;avyg;? wpfq,fhajcmufyg;
aomw&m;wdu
Yk kd aumif;pGmjrifonf&adS omf tw'd |d \
d tEko,udp
av;csufwdkYudk tpOf twdkif;y,fEdkif\/
xdkwGif taMumif;w&m;av;yg;udk? a&S;OD;pGmjy qdk&m\/
uHqo
kd nfum; ukov
kd af pwem tukov
kd af pwem udq
k \
kd ? xdu
k \
H
tcdkuftwefYonf okH;yg;&Sd\/
- apwemtcdkuftwefYwpfyg;?
- y&d,k|meftcdkuftwefY wpfyg;?
- uryp,tckdufwefYwpfyg;aywnf;? xdkwGif- apwemtcd k u f t wef Y q d k o nf u m; ygPmwdygw
trIujkd yK&m ku
d jf cif;ESujf cif; tp&Sad om trIujkd yKqJ

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

24

tcdkuftwefYonf? apwemtckduftwefYrnf\/
- y&d , k | mef tcd k u f t wef Y q d k o nf u m; xdkapwem
csKyfjyD;onfaemuf xdkol\pdwfoEmefrSm xdktrI
twGuEf iS hf vIy&f mS ;vsuaf e&pfaom tcku
d t
f wefo
Y nf
y&d,k|mef tcdkuftwefYrnf\/
- uryp,tcdkuftwefYqdkonfum; xdkvIyf&Sm;jcif;
jidrf;onfrSaemufvnf; tcGifhom&m tusdK;ay&ef
xdyk gPmwdygwtrIonf xdo
k jl zpfav&m&m tpOfyg
ae\? xdkyg&Sdaeaom tcdkuftwefYonf uryp,
tcdu
k t
f wefrY nf\/
Oyrmum;
Oyrmum;- Murf;wrf;vSpGmaomtrdonf om;i,fuav;
udk jyif;xefvSpGm dkuf&m xdkkdufrIrSm tckduftwefYokH;yg;&Sd\?
kdufqJMud,mtcdkuftwefYwpfyg;? xdkMud,mjywfpjJyD;aemuf
xdkom;i,frSm ig;&ufq,f&ufponfjzifh usifemaeaom
tcku
d t
f wefw
Y pfyg;? usief mjcif;aysmufjird ;f aomtcg xdo
k m;i,f
oEmefrSmtouf t&G,fBuD;&ifhaomtcg 'Pf&mBuD;jzpfay:&ef
yg&Sdaeaom 'PfrIBuD;tcdkuf twefYwpfyg;/
okyH g;aywnf;/
xdkoli,frSm q,fESpf&G,fukdufESufaom 'Pf&m'Pfcsuf
onf t&G,faumif;wkef;tcg ray:ao; t&G,fqkwf,kwfaom
tcg xdk'Pfemonfay:vmwwf\? armemyef;emponfwpfyg;
yg;jzpfay:vmwwf\/

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

25

xdkwGif- oli,fkdufESufqJMud,mtcdkuftwefYESifh
uHt&mapwemtcdkuf twefYonfwl\/
- oli,frSm usifemaeaom tcdkuftwefY
ESifhuHt&m y&d,k|metcdkuftwefYonf
wl\/
- ol i ,f ' Pf y gaeaom tcd k u f t wef Y E S i f h
uHt&m uryp,tckduftwefYonf wl\/
- oli,frmS 'Pfem ray:ao;rD tcdu
k t
f wefEY iS hf
uHt&mxdkuHtusdK;ray;ao;aom tcdkuf
twefo
Y nfw\
l /
txl ; rl u m;
m;- oli,f'Pfemonf kyfw&m;rsdK;jzpf
xdkb0wGifomvdkufEdkif\? b0wpfyg;odkY rvdkufEdkif? uHt&mrSm
ygPmwdygw'Pfonf emrfw&m;rsdK;jzpf tusdK;ay;cGifhr&
ao;vQif xdkuHonf ow0gwdkYrSm b0rsm;pGmurmrsm;pGm vdkufyg
av\/
uHt&maZmckepfcsuf&SdonfwGif yxaZmonf 'd|"r
a0'eD,uHrsdK;jzpf tusdK;ay;cGifh&vQif ,ckb0 tusdK;ay;\?
tusKd ;ay;cGirhf &vQif ,ckb0wGiu
f ek q
f ;Hk \? owraZmonf OyyZ
a0'eD,uH rsKd ;jzpf tusKd ;ay;cGi&hf vQif teE&b0tusKd ;ay;\/
tusd K ;ay;rI q d k o nf u m; ,ck b 0aoonf r S a emuf
xdkowraZmuH\'Pfcsufonf tyg,fbkHy#doaErS p b0
wpfckjzpfay: oGm;av\? tusdK;ay;cGifhr&vQif 'kwd,b0\

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

26

tqk;H rSm ukeq

f ;Hk \? tv,faZmig;csuo
f nf ty&my&d,a0'eD,
uHrsKd ;jzpf 'kw,
D b0\ aemuf wwD,b0rSp tcGi&hf &mb0
toD ; toD ; wpf b 0pD t usd K ;ay;\? tcG i h f r &cJ h o nf & S d a omf
edAmef&onfhb0wdkifatmif vdkufygonf[k usrf;*efwdkYqdk\/
um; y#doaEtusdK;ay;ykHwnf;/
-------------0dyguftusdK;&Sdao;\
o;\- xdik g;csuaf om aZmapwem wdw
Yk iG f
'kwD,aZmapwemuHonf y#doaEtusdK; ay;cGifh& tyg,f
wpfb0xGufay:jyD;aemuf 0dyguftusdK;rSmb0ig;&m ponf
wdkifatmif tMudrfaygif; ig;&mponfjzifh y0wd0dyguftusdK; udk
jzpfap\/
ygPmwdygwuH y0wdt
usKd ;qdo
k nfum; wpfyg;aom
uHonf y#doaEtusKd ;udak y; vlb
Y 0ponf xdo
k jl zpfae&mrSm
toufwdkjcif; tema&m*grsm;jcif; &efol&efzufrsm;jcif; tp&dS
onfwnf;? <uif;useaf om 'kp u
kd u
f o
H pk du
k u
f w
H Ykd vnf; apwem
tcku
d t
f wefY y&d,|k meftcdu
k t
f wefY uryp,tcdu
k t
f wefY [l
tcdkuftwefYokH;yg;pD &SdaMumif;udk odav/
um; uH[laomtaMumif;w&m;\
tjcif;t&mudkjyqdkcsufaywnf;/
pdwfqdkonfum; MMuHrIodrIudkqdk\? teE&ypnf; oreE&
ypn;f tmao0eypn;f tpGr;f jzifh pdwt
f pOfukd jrpfa&tvsOu
f o
hJ Ykd
tpOfrjywfjzpfyGm;vsufaeap&ef aus;Zl;jyKay\? udk,fcEm
wpfaumifvkH; pdwZkyfwdkYudktESHUtjym; jzpfyGm;aeap&ef

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

27

tjrJaus;Zl;jyKay\? udk,ft*FgEIwft*FgwdkY\ vIyf&Sm;rIoGm;vmrI

ajymrIqdkrIponfwdkY pdwZkyfwdkY\udponf xif&Sm;\/
xdkpdwf[laom taMumif;rSmvnf; ukodkvfpdwf tukodkvf
pdwfwdkY tcdkuftwefYokH;yg;pD&SdMu\? tmkHwif;vif; trIwif;
vif;ESifh jzpfaeqJudpwpfyg; xdkrSaemuf xdktmkH xdktrI vGefjyD;
aomtcg vGejf y;D aom xdt
k mkx
H t
kd rIukd tmkjH yK w<u<u w&G&G
x<uvIyf&Sm;aeaom tcdkuftwefYwpfyg; xdktcdkuftwefY
aysmufjidrf;jyD;aemuf pdwfoEmefrSm xdktavh xdktvm xdk0goem
txkHygaeaom tcdkuftwefYwpfyg; [lokH;yg;&Sd\? xdkwGif
0goem tckduftwefYonf aemufaemufb0odkYyif vdkufyg
aewwf\/
pdwftaMumif;t&mudk jyqdkcsufjyD;\/
-----------Owk q d k o nf u m;
m;- awaZm"mwfaywnf;? awaZm"mwf
qdo
k nfum;-rD;"mwfaywnf;? xdrk ;D "mwfonf oDw OPSEpS yf g;&S\
d ?
OPSqdkonfum; ylrIaywnf;? oDwqdkonfum;- at;rIaywnf;?
ylrIwGifvnf; ylonfxuf ylrItqifhqifh&Sd\? at;rIonfvnf;
at;onfxufat;rI tqifq
h if&h \
dS ? Owkac:aomrD;"mwfonf
kyfw&m;wdkYudkyGm;aprI tBuD;tus,fqkH;aom taMumif;jzpf\/
A[d'oEmefrSm urmwnfrIurmysufrIonf Owkudp
aywnf;? xdkOwkwGifvnf; tvGefodrfharGY wefcdk; owdtxl;
&Sad om ADZac:aomrsKd ;aph"mwftxl;onfvnf; &S\
d ? o&ufrsKd ;aph

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

28

ydErJ sKd ;aphtp&So

d nfjzifh xdrk sKd ;aph"mwfonf teErsm;jym;\? xdrk sKd ;aph
"mwf\? tpGrf;onfvnf; tvGefBuD;rm;\/
BuD ; rm;yk H u m;- o&ufyif[lr&Sdbl;ao;aom t&yf
a'o o&ufrsdK;aphudk pkdufysdK;xm;cJhaomf xdkt&yfa'orSm
o&ufyif aygif;odef;aomif;ru jzpfyGm;apwwf\? jzpfyGm;&m
vnf; tyifoPmef tudik ;f oPmef tcufoPmef t&Guo
f Pmef
tyGifhoPmef toD;oPmefwdkYonf yxrrsdK;aph&if;\ o&uf
[laom tEG,u
f kd rusL;vGerf
l xdt
k EG,t
f wdik ;f omjzpfMu&uke\
f /
um; rsdK;aph"mwf\wefcdk;owd
BuD;us,fykHaywnf;/
------------ow0gwd\
Yk tZwo
EmefrmS rlum;- a&S;uHa[mif;onfvnf;rsdK; wpfyg;?
- trdtbwdkYrS qufEG,fvmaomOwk [l
aomrD;"mwfonfvnf; ADZrsdK;wpfyg;
[l rsKd ;"mwfEpS yf g;&S\
d ? xdw
k iG -f uHa[mif;[laom rdsK;"mwf
onf ow0gwd\
Yk oEmefrmS y"met*Fgjzpfaom pdw"f mwf puK"mwf
aomw"mwftp&Sdaom twGif;"mwfEkwdkYudk jzpfyGm;apwwf\?
Owk[laomrsdK;"mwfonf tqif;trsdK;rsdK; oPmeftrsdK;rsdK;wdkYudk
jzpfyGm;apwwf\? usD;wd&pmefrsdK;rSjzpfyGm;aom om;orD;tquf
qufonf usD;tqif;usD;oPmeftwdkif;om jzpfyGm;Mu&\?

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

29

AsdKif;wd&pmefrsdK; ponfwdkYvnf; xdktwlwnf;/

um; OwktaMumif;t&mudk
jyqdck sujf y;D \/
-------tm[m&qd k o nf u m;
m;- rsdKtyfaomta& rsdKtyfaom
tzwfrsdK;udkvnf;qdk&\? xdkta&rsdK;tzwfrsdK;wdkYyg &Sdaom
MoZm[lac:a0:tyfaom tqD"mwfrsKd ;onfrck stm[m&rnf\?
xdktm[m&onfvnf; pm;qJtcdkuf twefYwpfyg; 0rf;wGif;
wnf&q
dS J tcdu
k t
f wefw
Y pfyg; wpfu,
kd v
f ;Hk ckepf&ufwikd w
f ikd f MoZm
[laom tqD"mwfwdkY\ysHUESHYrI tcdkuftwefYwpfyg;[l tcdkuf
twefY okH;yg;&Sd\/
um; tm[m&taMumif;t&mudk
jyqdck sujf y;D \/
um; taMumif;w&m;av;yg;udk jyqdkcsufwnf;/
---------usef&Sdaomw&m; wpfq,fhESpfyg;wdkYwGif yx0D"mwf
qdo
k nfum; cufrmrIaywnf; cufrmrIqo
kd nfvnf; cyford ;f aom
kyu
f vmyfw\
Ykd trmcHraI ywnf;? cyford ;f aomkyu
f vmyfwo
Ykd nf
xdktrmcHrIudkpGJrSDjzpfMu&ukef\ va&mifac:aomkyfuvmyf
aea&mifac:aomkyfuvmyfwdkYrSmvnf; xdktrmcHrIonfyg&Sd\/
xdyk x0D"mwfonfvnf; cufrmaomyx0D"mwf El;nHah om
yx0D"mwf[
l ESpyf g;&S\
d ?xdw
k iG f cufrmaom yx0D"mwfonfvnf;

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

30

cufrmonfxufcufrmrItqifhqifh&Sd\? El;nHhaomyx0D "mwf

onfvnf; El;nHhonf xufEl;nHhrI tqifhqifh&Sd\? yx0D"mwf\
tedptcsufudk Iaoma,m*Dyk*dKvfonf cufrmrI tqifhqifh
ajymif;a&GUcsuEf ;l nHrh I tqifq
h ifh ajymif;a&GUcsuw
f u
Ykd kd ud,
k
hf Pfjzifh
aphppHk mG &SmMu
H Munfh &I onf ajymif;a&GUrIwo
Ykd nfvnf; uk,
d t
f *Fg
wdkY\ vIyf&Sm;rIwdkYrSm xif&Sm;ukef\? vIyf&Sm;rIqdkonfum;- kyf
uvmyfa[mif;wdkY\ tukefuG,faysmuf kyfuvmyfopfwdkY\
jzpfay:rIqdk\/
tmayg"mwf q d k o nf u m;
m;- zGJYwG,frI ap;uyfrI ap;cRJrI
t&nfust
J &nfMunfjzpfru
I q
kd o
kd wnf;? xdt
k mayg"mwfonfvnf;
usyfwif;pGmzGJYrI a&mY&JpGmzGJYrI [lSESpfyg;&Sd\? xdkwGifusyfwif;
pGmzGJYrIonfvnf; usyfwif;onfxufusyf wif;rItqifhqifh&Sd\?
a&mY&JpGmzGJYrIonfvnf; a&mY&Jonfxuf a&mY&JrI tqifhqifh&Sd\?
usyfwif;rI a&mh&JrIwdkY\ tqifq
h ifah jymif;vJjcif;onf tmayg
"mwf\ tedptcsufyifwnf;/
awaZm"mwfqdkonfum;
m;- rD;"mwfaywnf;? xdkrD;"mwf
qdkonfum; ylrIat;rIaywnf;? xdkawaZm"mwfonf oDwOPS
[l ESpyf g;&S\
d ? oDwqdo
k nfum; at;rIaywnf;? OPSqo
kd nfum;
ylrIaywnf;? at;rIonfvnf; at;onfxuf at;rItqifhqifh
&S\
d ? ylro
I nfvnf; ylonfxufyrl t
I qifq
h if&h \
dS ? xdak t;rIyrl w
I \
Ykd
tqifhqifhajymif;vJjcif;onf awaZm"mwf\ tedptcsuf
yifwnf;/

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

31

0ga,m"mwfqdkonfum;- axmufuefrI azmif;yGrI <u&GrI

vIyf&Sm;rI wGef;a0SYrI vGefYyg;rIudkqdkownf;? xdk0ga,m "mwfonf
awmifw
h if;pGmaxmufuefrI a&mY&pJ mG axmufuefrI [lESpyf g;&S\
d ?
xd k w G i f
awmif h w if ; pG m axmuf u ef r I o nf v nf ;
awmifhwif;onfxuf awmifhwif;rI tqifhqifh&Sd\? a&mh&JpGm
axmufuefrIonfvnf; a&mh&Jonf xufa&mh&JrItqifhqifh&Sd\?
xdktqifhqifh ajymif;vJrIonfvnf; 0ga,m"mwf\ tedptcsuf
yifwnf;? xd"k mwfav;yg;wdw
Yk iG v
f nf; wpfyg;wpfyg;ajymifvcJ v
hJ Qif
usefokH;yg; wdkYonfvnf; ajymif;vJMuukef&onfomwnf;/
tmumo"mwfqdkonfum;
m;- kyu
f vmyfw\
Ykd tcsi;f csi;f
jcm;rIwnf;? jcm;rIudktpGJjyK onfum; kyfuvmyfwpfck
onfum; kyfuvmyfwnf;[k ydkif;jcm;rI 0wKkyfuvmyf
aygif; wpfq,f&Sdonf wpf&m&Sdonf wpfaxmif&Sdonf ponf
jzifha&wGufrIrsm;onfxif&Sm;&Sdae\/
Oyrmum;
Oyrmum;- tvGefcufrmaom ajrqdkifcJudk Munfh&I&m
um;ajrrIew
Yf pfck um; ajrrIew
Yf pfck [kcEJG ikd jf cif;onf tmumo
"mwf\ tpGrf;aywnf;/
kyu
f vmyfw\
Ykd tcsi;f csi;f jcm;rIqo
kd nfum; uvmyf
wpfckwGif; &SdaomkyfwdkY\ tcsif;csif;jcm;rIr [kwf? wpfckaom
uvmyftwGi;f kycf si;f csi;f jcm;rI tmumo[l r&Sjd y&D o
dS nf[
l
qdkjim;tHh uvmyfwpfck twGif;&Sdaom kyfwdkYwGif kyfum;
txuf kyu
f m;atmuf kyu
f m;vuf0J kyu
f m;vusmf [l

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

32

ydkif;jcm;Edkif&m\? xdkodkYydkif;jcm;Edkifaumif;onfr[kwf? avmurSm

xdkodkYtxnf 0wKwdkYudk xkcGJMudwfe,fMu&m xdktmumo&Sdao;
orQ umvywfvkH; tpdwftpdwftrTmtrTm uGJav&m\? tvGef
ao;Eky
f oGm;ojzifh uvmyfwpfcpk D toD;toD;jzpfMuaomtcg
uGjJ ym;jcif;r&Sjd y?D ukeq
f ;Hk jcif;odaYk &mufMuuke&f m\? kyu
f vmyfw\
Ykd
uGJjym;rIonf tmumo"mwf\ tedpyifwnf;/
ky"f mwfig;yg;jy;D \/
--------
emrf " mwf a v;yg;wd k Y w G i f pd w f q d k o nf u m;- MuHrI odrI
aywnf;? 0dnmPfvnf;ac:\? xd0k n
d mPfonfvnf; puK0n
d mPf
aomw0dnmPf Cme0dnmPf Zd0Sg0dnmPf um,0dnmPf raem
0dnmPf[l ajcmufyg;tjym;&Sd\/ xdkwGif- rsufpdjzpf rsufpdwGifysuf&aom 0dnmPfonf
puK0dnmPfrnf\ tqif;trsdK;rsdK;udkjrifaywnf;/
- em;wGi;fjzpfem;wGif; ysuf&aom0dnmPfonf
aomw0d n mPf r nf \ ? toH t rsd K ;rsd K ;ud k M um;rI
aywnf;/
- ESmacgifwGif;jzpf ESmacgif;wGif; ysuf&aom
0dnmPfonf Cme0dnmPfrnf\? teHYtrsdK;rsdK;udk
eHrIaywnf;/
- vQmay:jzpf vQmay:wGifysuf&aom0dnmPfonf
Zd0Sg0dnmPfrnf\? t&omtrsdK;rsdK;udkodrIaywnf;/
- atmuf ajcz0g;jyifrSp txufi,fxdyf tjyif

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

33

wdkifatmif wpfudk,fvkH;wGif xdkxdktyt*Fg twGif;

t*FgwdkY jzpfay: jzpf&mXmeysuf&aom 0dnmPf
onf um,0dnmPfrnf\? yx0D\ tawGYtxd
awaZm\tawGYtxd0ga,m\ tawGUtxdwdkYudk
odrIaywnf;/
- &ifwGif;ESvkH;wGif; prf;a&xGufouJhodkY tpOftjrJ
jzpfay: aeaom 0dnmPfonf raem0dnmPf
rnf\? cyfodrf;aom tmkHwdkYudk MuHrI odrIaywnf;/
xdkwGif puK0dnmPf[laom jrifrI jrifao;\? rjrifjyD
[lESpfrdsK;&Sd\? jrifao;\qdkonfum; puK0dnmPf jzpfay:rI
aywnf;? rjrifNyDqdkonfum; puK0dnmPf\csKyfqkH;rIaywnf;?
xd k t wl aomw0d n mPf vnf ; Mum;ao;\? rMum;jyD [ l
ESpfrsdK;&Sd\? Cme0dnmPfvnf; eHao;\? reHNyD[lESpfrsdK;&Sd\?
Zd0Sg0dnmPfvnf; t&omudkodao;\? rodjyD[lESpfrsdK;&Sd\?
um,0dnmPfvnf; awGYxdrI&Sdao;\? r&SdjyD[lESpfrsdK;&Sd\/
0dnmPfav;yg;wdkYvnf; &Sdao;\qdkonfum; xdkxdk
0dnmPf\jzpfay:rIaywnf;? r&SdjyDqdkonfum; xdkxdk0dnmPf\
csKyfqkH;rIaywnf;? raem0dnmPfonf ukodkvfraem0dnmPf
tukov
kd rf aem0dnmPf 0dyguf raem0dnmPf Bu,
d mraem0dnmPf
[l av;yg;&S d \ ? xd k w G i f tuk o d k v f 0 d n mPf r S m vnf ; ig
,cktukodkvfpdwfjzpf aeonf? ,ck xdktukodkvfpdfwf r&SdjyD?
[k o d M u\ tuk o d k v f w G i f v nf ; avmbtMuH j zpf r I ? xd k t MuH

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

34

aysmufuG,frI ukodkvfwGifvnf; o'gpdwfynmpdwfjzpfrI xdko'g

pdwf ynmpdwfaysmufuG,frIwdkYudk jzpfxif&Sm;odMu\ xdkav;yg;
aom0dnmPfwdkYwGifvnf; wpfyg;wpfyg;aom 0dnmPfcsKyfuG,frS
wpfyg;wpfyg; aom0dnmPfjzpf ay:Edkif\? vnf;csKyfqkH;rI
[lorQonf xdkxdk0dnmPf\ tedptcsufyifwnf;/
a0'emqdkonfum; cHpm;rIaywnf;? onmqdkonfum;
rSwfom;rIaywnf;? apwemqdkonfum; or,kwf w&m;wdkYudk
aphaqmfrIaywnf;? w&m;av;yg;wdkYonf 0dnmPfESifhjzpftwl
ysuftwl tjrJ,SOfazmf ,SOfzufw&m; wdkYaywnf;? xdk0dnmPf\
tedptcsuftpkonf w&m;wdkY\tedptcsuf tpkyifwnf;/
wpf e nf ; um; a0'emonf ok c a0'em 'k u a 0'em
aomrea0'em a'grea0'em Oayuma0'em [l
ig;yg;&Sd\? okca0'emqdkonfum; csrf;ompGmcHpm;rIaywnf;?
'kua0'emqdkonfum; qif;&JpGm cHpm;rIaywnf;? aomre
a0'emqdkonfum; 0rf;ajrmufrI 0rf;omrIaywnf;? a'gre
a0'emqdkonfum; ESvkH;rom,mrIaywnf;? Oayuma0'em
qdkonfum; rxifr&Sm;vspfvsLtm;jzifh cHpm;rIaywnf;? xdkwGif
okca0'em 'kua0'em ESpfyg;onf ajcz0g;tjyifrS p i,fxdyf
tjyifwikd af tmif wpfu,
kd v
f ;Hk wGif txdtyg;&S&d m Xme jzpfay:\?
aomre a'greESpfyg;onf ESvkH;tdrfwGif;om jzpfay:\?
Oayumonf puK aomw Cme Zd0SmwdkYvnf;aumif; ESvkH;tdrf
wGi;f vnf;aumif; jzpfay:\? a0'emig;yg;wdo
Yk nf wpfyg;csKyf

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

35

onmonf ukov
kd o
f nm tukov
kd o
f nmponfjzifv
h nf;
aumif; lyonm o'onm *Eonm ponfjzifhvnf;aumif;
tvGefrsm;jym;\? rsm;jym;&mwGifvnf; wpfckcsKyfqkH;rS wpfckjzpf
ay:&\? ESpfckjydKif jzpfay:onf r&Sd/
um; onm\tedpyifwnf;/
apwemonfvnf; ukodkvfapwem tukodkvfapwem
ponf j zif h v nf ; aumif ; l y oaO w em o' o aO w em *E
oaOwem ponfjzifhvnf;aumif; tvGefrsm;jym;\? rsm;jym;&m
wGiv
f nf; wpfcck sKyq
f ;Hk rS wpfcjk zpfay:\? ESpcf jk yKd i
f jzpfay:onf
r&S/d
um; apwem\tedpyifwnf;?
emrf"mwfav;yg;jy;D \/
--------- --------Zmwd Z&m r&PokH;yg;wGif- Zmwdqdkonfum; kyfemrfcEmwdkY\ jzpfay:rI ayguf
yGm;rI MuD;xGm;zGHYjzdK;rI wdk;wufrI pnfum;rIaywnf;/
- Z&mqdkonfum; kyef mrf cEmwd\
Yk tdrk if;rI &ifah qG;rI
qkwf,kwfavsmhyg;rI ndK;EGrf; ydefcsKef;rIrsm;aywnf;/
- r&Pqdkonfum; kyfemrfcEmwdkY\aoausysufpD;rI
ukefqkH;uG,faysmufrI qkH;yg;aysmufysufrIaywnf;/
orKwdZmwd orKwdZ&m orKwdr&P oEwdZmwd oEwd
Z&m oEwdr&P cPduZmwd cPduZ&m cPdur&P [l
okH;yg;pD&SdMu\? xdkwGif avmuDbkHom;vltrsm;wdkYonf wpfb0

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

36

- r&Pqdkonfum; kyfemrfcEmwdkY\aoausysufpD;rI
ukefqkH;uG,faysmufrI qkH;yg;aysmufysufrIaywnf;/
or K wd Z mwd or K wd Z &m or K wd r &P oE w d Z mwd
oEwdZ&m oEwdr&P cPduZmwd cPduZ&m cPdur&P
[l okH;yg;pD&SdMu\? xdkwGif avmuDbkHom;vltrsm;wdkYonf
wpfb0wpfcg y#doaEaejrJ"rwm wpfb0wpfcgtdkjrJ"rwm
wpfb0wpfcg aojrJ"rwm[l ac:a0: orkwfvsuf&SdMuaom
Zmwd Z&m r&Ponf orKwdZmwd orKwdZ&m orKwdr&P
rnf\/ tESpfwpf&mwrf;rSm wpfMudfrfwpfcgom aojrJ"rwm
&S\
d /
um; orKwdZmwd Z&m r&Paywnf;/
oE w d Z mwd Z&m r&P oEwdonftrsdK;rsdK;&Sd\?
toufwpf&mwrf; yxrt&G,f 'kw,
D t&G,f wwD,t&G,[
f
l
t&G,fokH;yg;[laomoEwdBuD;okH;yg;? rE'out&G,f cd'ou
t&G,f 0P'out&G,f tp&Sdonfjzifhvmaom t&G,fq,fyg;
[laom oEwdq,fyg;? arG;zGm;onfrSp wpfESpf&G,f ESpfESpf&G,f
okH;ESpf&G,f ponfjzifhvmaom ESpfoEwd wpf&m wpfESpfwpfESpf
wGiv
f nf; aEGOwk aqmif;Owk rd;k Owk[
l vmaom OwkoEwad ygif;
okH;&m wpfESpfwpfESpfwGifvnf; wefcl;v uqkefvponfjzifh
ac:qdMk uaom voEwad ygif; wpfaxmifEh pS &f m wpfvwpfvwGif
vnf; wpf&uf ESpf&uf ponfjzifhac:qdkMuaom&ufoEwdaygif;
ok;H aomif; ajcmufaxmif wpf&ufwpf&ufvnf; aeYtzdYk nOft
h zdYk
[lac:qdkMuaom aeYnOfhoEwdaygif; ckESpfaomif; ESpfaxmif

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

37

aeYtzdn
Yk Oft
h zdrYk mS vnf; yxr,mrf 'kw,
d ,mrf wwd,,mrf[
l
ac:qdkMuaom t,mrfoEwdaygif; ESpfodef; wpfaomif; ajcmuf
axmifSd\/
t,mrfo;kH yg;wGiv
f nf; wpfyg;wpfyg; tp tv,f tqH;k
[ltydkiftjcm; oHk;yg;pDSdMu\? xdkwGif tponf oEwd Zmwd\
acwfrnf\? tv,fonfoEwdZ&m\acwfrnf\? tqHk;onf
oEwd r&P\acwfrnf\? tG,fq,fyg;ponfwdkYvnf;
xdt
k wl oEwZd mwd oEwZd &m oEwrd &P[l oH;k yg;pD oH;k yg;pD
a0zefav? oEwdtrsdK;rsdK;qdkonfum; trsdK;rsdK;aom kyfcEm
emrfcEmwdkY\ tpOftrsdK;rsdK;udkqkd\? tG,f oHk;yg;wdkYwGif yxr
tG,fonf ysdKEkaom kyfcEm emrfcEmrsdK;wdkY\ tpOfaywnf;?
xdktG,f\ukefqHk;rIonf yxrtG,f\ aoqHk;jcif;[laom
oEwdr&PBuD;wpfyg;aywnf;? tESpfwpf&mwrf;wGif oEwd
r&PBuD; oHk;pm;Sd\? aoNrJ"rwmBuD;aygif; oHk;cgjzpf\? odkYaomf
kyfcEm emrfcEm tpOf jywfqHk;jcif; rSdonfhtwGuf ow0g
aoqH;k onf[
l rac:Mu? yxrt&G,q
f ;Hk onf [lomac:Mu\?
'kwD,t&G,fonf? &ifhoefaomkyfcEm emrfcEmrsdK;wdkY\ tpOf
aywnf;? wwD,t&G,fonf qkwf,kwfaom kyfcEmemrfcEm
rsdK;wdkY\ tpOfaywnf;? t&G,fESpfyg;vnf; aoqkH;rIBuD;
toD;oD;SMd u\? wwD,t&G,\
f aoqk;H rIonf? orKwrd &PBu;D
yifjzpfownf;/
enf;wl t&G,fq,fyg;rSp t,mrfokH;yg; ydkif;jcm;rIwdkifatmif
trsdK;rsdK;aom kyfcEmemrfcEmtpOfwdkY\ aoqkH;rIBuD; toD;oD;Sdonfudk
odMuav/

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

38

xdrk w
S pfyg;vnf; oGm;jcif; &d,myxoEww
d pfyg; &yfjcif;
&d,myxoEwdwpfyg; xdkifjcif; &d,myxoEwdwpfyg;
tdyfjcif; &d,myxoEwdwpfyg;[l &d,myxoEwdBuD;
av;yg;Sd\? xdkav;yg;wdkYwGifvnf; wpfyg;wpfyg; tqkH;[laom
oEwrd &PBu;D toD;toD;SMd u\/ / oGm;rIwiG v
f nf; yxrajc
vSr;f 'kw,
D ajcvSr;f wwD,ajcvSr;f ponfjzifh ajcvSr;f tydik ;f tjcm;
ta&twGufrsm;pGmSd\? wpfckwpfckaomajcvSrf;\ tqkH;onf?
wpfckwpfckaom ajcvSrf;\ aorIBuD;aywnf;? ajcvSrf;aorIqdk
onfvnf; wpfckwpfckaom ajcvSrf;twGif; SdaeMuukefaom
udk,fcEm BuD;i,fwdkY\ aoqkH;rIyifwnf;/
xdkpum;rSef\? wpfckwpfckaom ajcvSrf;twGif; SdaeMu
ukefaom kyfcEmemrfcEmwdkYonf aemufaemuf ajcvSrf;okdY
ul;ajymif; vdu
k Ef ikd af om kyw
f &m; emrfw&m;[l wpfcrk QrSMd u
ukef? oUlajcvSrf;tqkH;rSm oltukefuG,fMuavukef\? xdkwGif
oGm;jcif;&d,myx qdo
k nfum; y&rwopmbuf tpOftm;jzihf
oG m ;aomtjcif ; t&mES i f h jzpf y G g ; aeMuuk e f a omk y f c E m ?
emrfcEmwdu
Yk kd oGm;jcif;[lqd\
k ? orKwo
d pmbuf yk*Kd vo
f mG ;
aeonf? ow0goGm;aeonf[k ac:a0:Mu\/
&yf j cif ; &d , myk x f q d k o nf u m; y&rw o p m buf
tpOftm;jzifh&yfaom tjcif;t&mukdqdk\? orKwdopmbuf
yk*dKvf&yfaeonf ow0g&yfaeonf[k ac:a0:Mu\? xdkYtwl
&yfjcif;&d,mykxf xdkifjcif;&d,mykxf tdyfjcif;&d,mykxfwdkY

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

39

vnf; y&rwopmbuf tpOftm;jzifh&yfaomtjcif;t&mESifh

jzpfyGg;aeMuukefaom kyfcEmemrfcEmxdkifaomtjcif;t&mESifh
jzpfyGm;aeMuukefaom kyfcEm erfcEm tdyfaom tjcif;t&mESifh
jzpfyGg;aeMuukefaom kyfcEmemrfcEmwdkYudk? &yfjcif; xdkifjcif;
td y f j cif ; [l qd k \ ? or K wd o p m buf um; yk * d K vf & yf o nf
ow0g&yfonf? yk*Kd vx
f ikd o
f nf? ow0gxdik o
f nf? yk*Kd vt
f yd o
f nf?
ow0gtdyfonf[l ac:a0:Mu\/
xd k &d , myk x f a v;yg;onf op m ES p f y g;yif wpf j cm;pD
jzpfMu\? wpfyg;ESifhwpfyg; ul;pufjcif;rSd? a&maESmr&aumif;?
orKwdopmbufvnf; oGm;qJtcgrSm? oloGm;aeonf[k
rsufjrif'd|jzpfMu\? aemuf &yfjcif;okdY a&mufaomtcg oGm;ae
aomtjcif;t&mESifhwuG oGm;aeaom oEmefBuD;uG,faysmuf
oGm;onfudkvnf; rsufjrif'd| odjrifMu\? &yfqJtcgrSm ol
&yfaeonf[k rsufjrif'd|jzpfMu\? aemufxdkifjcif;okdY a&mufaom
tcg? &yfaeaom tjcif;t&mESifhwuG &yfaeykH oEmefBuD;
uG,af ysmuf oGm;onfuv
kd nf; rsujf rif'|d odjrifMu\? xdik af eqJ
tcgrSm olxikd af eonf[k rsujf rif'|d jzpfMu\? aemuftyd jf cif;okYd
a&mufaomtcg? xdkifaeaom tjcif;t&mESifhwuG xdkifaeaom
yko
H EmefBu;D uG,af ysmufomG ;onfuv
kd nf; rsujf rif'|d odjrifMu\?
td y f a eqJ t cgrS m ol t d y f a eonf [ k rsuf j rif ' d | jzpf M u\?
aemufxikd jf cif;okaYd &mufaomtcg xdt
k yd af e aom tjcif;t&mESihf
wuG tdyfaeykH oEmefBuD; uG,faysmuf oGm;onfudkvnf;
rsuf j rif ' d | od j rif M u\/ oG m ;jcif ; &d , myk x f vnf ; yxr

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

40

ajcvSrf;okdY a&mufaeqJtcgrSmvnf; ol yxrajcvSrf;ukd

vSrf;aeonf[k rsufjrif'd| odjrifMu\? aemuf 'kwD,ajcvSrf;okdY
a&mufaomtcg yxrajcvSr;f vSr;f aeaom tjcif;t&mESiw
hf uG
yxrajcvSrf; vSrf;aeykH oEmefBuD; uG,f aysmuf oGm;onfudk
vnf; rsufjrif'd| odjrifMu\? 'kwD, ajcvSrf; vSrf;aeqJtcgrSm
vnf;? ol'w
k ,
D ajcvSr;f vSr;f aeonf[k rsujf rif'|d odjrifMu\?
aemufwwD, ajcvSr;f okYd a&mufaomtcg 'kw,
D ajcvSr;f vSr;f ae
aom tjcif;t&mESiw
hf uG 'kw,
D ajcvSr;f vSr;f aeyko
H EmefBu;D uG,f
aysmuf oGm;onfuv
kd nf; rsujf rif'|d odjrifMu\? aemufaemuf
ajcvSrf;wdkYvnf; xdkYtwl odav/
ajcwpfvSrf; twGif;rSmvnf;? csDaeykHoEmefBuD;wpfrsdK;?
csaeykHoEmefBuD; wpfrsdK;[l ESpfrsdK;SdMu\? csDaeykHoEmefBuD;
uG,faysmufrS csaeykH oEmefBuD; jzpfEdkifonfudkvnf; rsufjrif'd|
odjrifEikd Mf u\? csaD eyko
H EmefrmS vnf; tqifq
h ifh jrif&h mokYd ajymif;
a&GU oGm;onfudkvnf; rsufjrif'd|jzpfMu\? csaeaom oEmef
rSmvnf; tqifhqifhedrfh&mokdY ajymif;a&GU oGm;onfudkvnf;
rsufjrif'd| odjrifMu\? t&m kyfemrfcEmw&m;wdkYonf?
rdrw
d jYkd zpf&mXmerS Xmewpfyg;okYd wpfqzH sm;rQ ajymif;a&GUjcif; rSMd u
ukef\[k usrf;*efwdkYrSm tqdkSdMu\/
ajymif;a&GUjcif;rSdykHum;- ajcvSrf;wpfcktwGif;rSm cEm
ukd,fBuD;aygif;t&mru? eabxyfpDpOfqufvuf jzpfyGg;EdkifrS
ajcvSrf;jzpfyGg;Edkif&m\? xdkwGif aSUokdY tqifhqifh topftopf
jzpfay:oGm;aom cEmukd,fBuD;aygif;vnf; t&mruSd&m\?

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

41

aemufaemufu tqifhtqifh csKyfysuf uG,faysmuf oGm;aom

cEm udk,fBuD;aygif;vnf; t&mruSd&m\? xdkYaMumifh rsufjrifrSm
cEmuk,
d Bf u;D wpfco
k m xifjrif&\? 'd|oufaorSm rlum;? ajcvSr;f
wpfcktwGif;rSm cEmudk,fBuD;wpfckvkH; tESHUtjym; vIyfSm;rIBuD;
xifSm;Sdaeonfum; 'd|ouf aoaywnf;/
pum; vI y f S m ;rI q d k o nf u m;- k y f w &m; topf
ta[mif;ajymif;vJraI ywnf;? vIyf mS ;rI tBurd af ygif; t&mruS
d ?
kyfw&m;ajymif;vJrIaygif; t&mruSdrS ajcwpfvSrf;qkH;&m\?
t&m usrf;*efwdkYrSm? e'Daomawm0d,=jrpfa& t,OfuJhokdY
[l vnf;aumif; 'DyZmvm0d,= qDr;D vQH qDr;D awmuf uJo
h [
Ydk
l
vnf;aumif; Oyrmukd jyqdkMuay\/
xdkwGif jrpfa&Oyrm tpOfrjywf? pD;oGm;aeaom
jrpfa&udMk unfh
I aeMu&m rsujf riftvdrk mS a&onf pD;oGm;ae\?
t&yfraS &onfyif xdt
k &yfoaYdk &mufav\[k ajymk;d qdk ;dk jzpf\?
Pfjriftvdrk mS jrpfa&udk teD;rSuyf Munfh q
I ifjcif&m vIyv
f yI f
&G&G Sdaeonfudk odjrif&ojzifh tqifhqifh topftopf jzpfay:
wdk;yGg; aeaoma&udkvnf;aumif; aemufaemufu aSUokdY
tqifq
h ifh uG,af ysmufoGm;aom a&udv
k nf;aumif; trSeo
f jd rif
Edkifav\? jrpfa&onfjzpf&mXmerS Xmewpfyg;okdY wpfqHzsm;rQ
a&GUSm;jcif;rSd? jzpf&mXmeom aysmufuG,favonf[k trSef
qdEk ikd \
f /

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

42

t&m vIyfSm;rIonf topfta[mif; ajymif;vJrIrSm

cdkifvkHpGmaom oufaojzpf\? vIyfSm;rISdonf qdkcJhvQif topf
ta[mif;ajymif;vJrI o
dS nf[k trSeq
f Ekd ikd \
f ? vIyf mS ;rIo
dS nfqv
kd Qif
tajcysuftaeysufSdonf[k trSefqdkEdkif\? tajcysuftaeysuf
qdkonfum;- kyfcEma[mif;wdkY ysufqkH;rIyifjzpf\/
qDr;D vQOH yrm wpfnOfv
h ;Hk tpOfrjywfawmufaeaom
rD;awmufr;D vQu
H kd Munfh
I aeMu&m rsujf rif tvdrk mS nOfOh ;D ,mrfu
rD ; awmuf o nf y if v Qif oef ; acgif , mrf w d k i f a tmif S d a e\?
t&mrSm nOfhOD;,mrf urD;awmufonf oef;acgif;,mrf
rdk;aomuf,mrfwdkifatmifSd\[k ajymkd;qdkdk;jzpf\? pdwfvnf;
xifae\? PfjriftvdkrSm rD;awmufudk tenf;i,fuyf
MunfhIqifjcif&m vIyfvIyf&G&GSdaeonfudk jrif&ojzifh aSUokdY
tqifhqifh jzpfay:wdk;yGg;aeaom rD;ukdvnf;aumif; aemuf
aemufu tqifhqifh uG,faysmuf oGm;aomrD;udkvnf;aumif;
trSefodjrifEdkifav\? rD;"mwfonf jzpf&mXmerS Xmewpfyg;okdY
wpfqHzsm;rQ a&GUSm;jcif;rSd? jzpf&mXmeom aysmufuG,fav
onf[k trSefqdkEdkif\? rD;"mwfvnf; jrpfa&uJhokdY oufao
axmufcHrIudk tjynfhtpkHqdkav/
okYd usr;f *efwYkd vmaom jrpfa&Oyrm qDr;D awmufOyrm
twdik ;f ajcvSr;f wpfct
k wGi;f vnf; ud,
k cf EmBu;D aygif; t&mru
ajymif;vJ qufvufoGm;ykHudkodav? enf;twdkif; oGm;jcif;
&d,mykxf uG,q
f ;Hk &yfjcif;&d,mykxo
f Ydk ajymif;vJ&mvnf;

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

43

aumif; &yfjcif;&d,mykxfuG,fqkH; xdkifjcif;&d,mykxfokdY

ajymif ; vJ & mvnf ; aumif ; ? xd k i f j cif ; &d , myk x f u G , f q k H ;
tdyfjcif;&d,mykxfokdY ajymif;vJ&mvnf;aumif;? vIyfSm;rI
ajymif;vJrI tajctaeysufrIwdkYudk aphpkHpGmodjrifav? wpfzef
tdyfjcif;&d,mykxfrSx xdkifjcif;&d,mykxfokdY ajymif;a&TU&m
tdyfkyf? tdyf[ef? tdyfoEmefuwpfrsdK;? xdkifkyf? xdkif[ef?
xdkifoEmefuwpfrsdK;? xkyf? x[ef? xoEmefuwpfrsdK;[l
okH;rsdK;Sd\? xdkwGif tdyfkyf xdkifkyfwdkYonf vIyfSm;jcif;rSd?
Nird o
f ufMuuke\
f ? tMum; xkyo
f nfNird o
f ufjcif;rS?d vIyf mS ;\?
tdyfaeaomolonf xawmhrnf[k tm;,lvdkufaomtcg
wpfudk,fvkH;vIyfSm;rIBuD;onf rsufawmif wpfcwf vQyfwpfjyuf
twGif;rSmyif wpfudk,fvkH; ysHUESHUvIyfSm;oGm;\? vIyfSm;aomkyf
wdo
Yk nfum; tdyjf cif; &d,mykx\
f qdik &f mr[kw?f xjcif;&d,m
ykxf\ qdkif&momjzpfukef\? tdyfjcif;&d,mykxf wnfSdaom
kyfcEmBuD;onf? xdkvIyfSm;rIBuD; ysHUESHUonfESifhwpfNydKifeuf rsuf
awmifwpfcwf vQyfwpfjyuftwGif;rSmyif tukefvkH;uG,fqkH;
av\/
t&m ukd,fcEmBuD;wpfaumifvkH;onf rsufawmif
wpfcwf vQyfwpfjyuftwGif;rSm kwfw&uf jzpfay:Edkif&m?
uG,faysmufEdkif&mwdkY Oyrmum;- "mwfSifkyfpkHyGJ usif;y&m
vlavmufSdaom vlkyfoPmefBuD;\ t&dyfwdkYonf wcPcsif;
jzpfay:rI aysmufu,
G rf o
I nf vkaH vmufaomOyrm vkaH vmufaom
oufaoBu;D aywnf;? rsujf rif'|d ajymif;vJyHk xifvsm;pGmjyqdck suf

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

44

aywnf;? aSU jyqdkcJhaom ajcwpfvSrf;\twGif; cEmukd,fBuD;

aygif;t&mru qufvuf&onf[al om pum;rSmvnf; "mwfiS f
kyfBuD;ajcwpfvSrf;oGm;&m? "mwfSifkyfBuD; aygif;tBudrfrsm;pGm
qufvuf&jcif;onf cdkifvkHaom Oyrm cdkifvkHaom oufaoBuD;
aywnf;/
0dyema,m*Dyk*dKvfwdkYrSmrlum;- okdYjyqdkcJhNyD;aom
&d,mykxaf v;yg;ajymif;a&TUrIvnf; tptv,ftqk;H toD;oD;
&Sad eonfuo
kd Md u\ tqk;H [lorQonf tedp\
tcsuBf u;D aywnf;?
xdkwGif tdyfjcif; &d,mykxf\twGif; xGufoufxkwfrIESifh
vIyf&Sm;jcif; 0ifoufIdufrIESifhvIyf&Sm;jcif; udk,ft*FgwdkYudkarSmufrI
vSefrI 0J,mapmif;rI auG;rI qefYrI ponfjzifhvIyf&Sm;jcif; trsdK;rsdK;
&Sdjyef\? xdkifjcif;&d,mykxfvnf; a&SUodkYxdkifjcif; aemufodkY
qkwjf cif; vuf0v
J usmf udik ;f Iid ;f jcif; auG;jcif; qefjY cif; tp&So
d nfjzifh
vIyf&Sm;jcif; trsdK;rdsK;&Sdjyef\? &yfjcif;&d,mykxfvnf; xdktwl
yifwnf;/
(um; oEwdZmwd oEwdZ&m oEwdr&PwdkYudk jyqdkcef;aywnf;)

t&G,fokH;yg;rSp jyqdkcJhjyD;aom oEwdwdkYwGif

0dyema,m*Dyk*dKvfwdkYrSm &d,myxoEwdonf vdk&if;y"me
jzpf\/
wGifa&GUum; oEwdZmwd oEwdZ&m oEwdr&PwdkYudk jyqdkcef;jyD;\/

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

45

cE m ig;yg;onf 'k u r sd K ;tppf t rS e f j zpf o nf [ k

twyf o d E d k i f & ef tusOf ; t>ruf r Q
jyqd k a ytH h
cPduZmwd cPduZ&m cPdur&PokH;yg;wdkYwGif- cPd u Zmwd q d k o nf u m; wpfckaomkyf wpfck
aom emrfw&m;wdkY\tp jzpfay:rIudk Zmwdqdk
ownf;/
- cPduZ&mqdkonfum; tv,f &ifha&mfqkwf
,kwfrIudk Z&mqdkownf;/
- cPdur&Pqdkonfum; tqkH; csKyfuG,frIukd
r&Pqdo
k wnf;/
cPduZmwd Z&m r&Pwdo
Yk nfru
l m; rsuaf wmif wpfcwf
vQyfwpfjyuftwGif;rSm tBudrfaygif; uka#t&mru jzpfrI ysufrI
vsifjrefvSukefonf[k usrf;*efwdkY vmSdaomaMumifhom jyqdk
vdkufonf? om0u 0dyema,m*Dyk*dKvfwdkY PfrSDEdkifaom
t&mr[kwfukef? xdkaMumifh t&m us,f0ef;pGm rqdkvdkufNyD/
wG i f a &G U um; y&rw o p m buf tusOf ; tm;jzif h
kyfig;yg; emrfav;yg; Zmwd Z&m r&PokH;yg; uH pdwf Owk
tm[m&wnf;[laom taMumif;w&m;av;yg; wpfq,fh
ajcmufyg;aomt&m tcsufwdkYudk aumif;aumif;BuD; odEdkifjrifEdkif
xifEdkifMuvQif 'd|d0dok'dpaom txuf0dok'dBuD;ig;yg; ayguf
a&mufEdkif&ef tpDt&ifudk jyqdkcef;NyD;\/
----------

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

46

vu P ma&;ok H ; yg;wd k Y u d k j yqd k a ytH h

vu P ma&;ok H ; yg;qd k o nf u m;
m;- tedpvuPmwpfyg;
'kuvuPmwpfyg; tewvuPmwpfyg;aywnf;? xdkwGiftedpqdkonfum;
m;- rNrw
J wfaom w&m;rsKd ;aywnf;? tedp
vuPmqdkonfum;
m;- xdktedpw&m;rsdK; ygSdaeaom Zmwd
tcsuf Z&mtcsuf r&Ptcsufrsm;aywnf;? xdktcsufrsm;ukd
jrif w&m;rsdK;onf rNrJwwfaom w&m;rsdK;aywnf;[k
twyfoEd ikd \
f ? okv
Yd Qirf Nrw
J wfaom w&m;rsKd ;wdu
Yk kd w&m;um;
rNrJwwfaom w&m;wnf;[k twyfodEdkif&ef taMumif;rsdK;jzpf
Zmwd Z&m r&PokH;yg;ukd tedfpvuPm [kqdktyf\/
vuPo'gonf twyfodaMumif; teufudka[m\?
vuPmokH;yg;wdkYudk tcsufusrodwwf rjrifwwf rxif
wwfMuavaom avmuDbkHom;vltrsm;wdkYrSm wpfaeYwpf&ufrQ
rNrw
J wfaom yx0D"mwfuykd if wpfoufv;Hk wpfb0vk;H Nro
J nf[k
pJv
G rf;rIBu;D Sad e\? xdpk v
GJ rf;rIBu;D ukd y,fazsmuf yx0D"mwfonf
wpfaeYwpf&ufrQNrJaom w&m;r[kwf[k twyfodEdkifMuapjcif;iSg
yx0D"mwfSad eaom Zmwdtcsuf Z&mtcsuf r&Ptcsuu
f kd
oufaojyK yx0D"mwfonf wpfaeYwpf&ufrQ NrJEdkifaom"mwf
r[kwf? rNrJwwfaom w&m;wnf;[k ajymMu a[mMu&ukef\?
tedpvuPmukdvnf; t&G,fBuD;okH;yg; ydkif;jcm;onfrSp
&d,myxcef;wGif jrpfa&t,OfOyrm qDr;D vQOH yrmrsm;wdik af tmif
aocsmpGmjyqdkcJhNyD/
ted p N yD ; \/

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

47

'k u v u P mqd k o nf u m;
m;- xd k t ed p t csuf p k y if v Qif
aMumufrufzG,faumif;aom teufaMumifh 'kuvuPmrnf\?
vnf; yx0D"mwfonf aMumufrufzG,faumif;aom w&m;
rsdK;jzpf 'kuw&m;rsdK; trSefjzpf\? aMumufrufzG,f aumif;
aMumif;ukv
d nf; xdyk x0DygS
d aeaom Zmwdtcsuf Z&mtcsuf
r&PtcsufwdkYudk jrifojzifhodtyf\? xdkYaMumifh xdktcsufwdkYudk
'kuv
uPmqd\
k /
aMumuf r uf z G , f a umif ; yk H u m;
m;- ow0gtaygif;wdkYrSm
y#d o aE p J G a eonf r S p yxr&uf 'k w D , &uf wwD , &uf
tpSdonfjzifh SdaeMuaom &uftpOfwdkYwGif raoEdkifaom&uf
raowwfaom&uf[l wpfaeY wpf&ufrQrSd? aeY &uf
onfum;- raoEdik af om&uf raowwfaom&ufwnf;[kpw
d cf s
aecsiw
f ikd ;f aeEdik af om&uf usichf siw
f ikd ;f usiEhf ikd af om&uf wpf&ufrQ
rSq
d v
kd o
kd nf/
xdkpum;rSef\? y#doaEpJGaeaom yxr&uftwGif;
yifvQif trdjzpfolonf aecsifwdkif;ae usifhcsifwdkif; usifhcJhjim;tHh?
oli,f\ kyftpOf emrftpOfonf azmufvJazmufjyefjzpf
xdkaeYtwGif;rSmyif ysufqkH;av&m\? aemufaemufaom&uf
wd k Y r S m vnf ; xd k t wl y if w nf ; ? zG m ;jrif N yD ; aomaemuf vnf ;
xdkoli,fudk wpfpkHwpfa,muf aomolrQ jyKpkapmifhaSmufol
rSdjim;tHh? xdkoli,fonf zGm;jrif&mXmeyif azmufvJazmuf
jyefjzpf aoqkH;vwHU? azmufvJ azmufjyef[laom pum;
onf Zmwd Z&m r&PwdkYudkqdkaom pum;yifwnf;/

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

48

xdkwGif- Zmwd q d k o nf u m; yuwd nDnGwfpGm jzpf

aeaomk y f t pOf ? emrf t pOf o nf y if v Qif
rnDrnGwfaom taeESifhjzpf vmonfudk
qdo
k wnf;/
- Z&mqdkonfum; nDnGwfpGmjzpf aeaom
kyt
f pOf emrftpOf\ qkw,
f w
k af vsmyh g;jcif;
ukq
d o
kd wnf;/
- r&Pqd k o nf u m; nD n G w f p G m jzpf a om
kyftpOf emrftpOf\ ukefqkH;jcif;udk qdk
ownf;/
okdYvQif xdkoli,frSm yxr&uftwGif;yifvQif Zmwd
ab; Z&mab; r&Pab;[k qdktyfaom ab;BuD;okH;yg; oifh
EdkifaomtcGifh oifhwwfaomtcGifhBuD;ygSdvsufae\? xdkaMumifh
xdkyxr&uftwGif;Sdaeaom kyftpOf emrftpOf pkonfvnf;
pkd;&drfaMumifhMuzG,fSdaeaom? kyftpOf emrftpOfjzpfacs
'kuo
mtrSejf zpf\? aemufaemuf&ufwYkd vnf; xdt
k wlyifwnf;/
zGm;jrifNy;D aemufvnf; xdo
k il ,fukd wpfpw
Hk pfa,mufaom
olrQjyKpk apmifah Smufol rSjd im;tH?h xdo
k il ,fonf zGm;jrif&mXme
yifvQif azmufvJazmufjyefjzpf aoqkH;vwHU? azmufvJ
azmufjyef[laompum;onf Zmwd Z&m r&Pukdqdkaom pum;
yifwnf;/

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

49

aemuf a emuf & uf w d k Y vnf ; tpmtm[m& pm;

aomufjcif;tpSad om jyKjyifapmifah Smufru
I dk rjyKr
l aecsiw
f ikd ;f
usichf siw
f ikd ;f usichf ahJ omf xdo
k \
l kycf Em emrfcEmtpOfonf xd&k uf
xdkcPyifvQif azmufvJ azmufjyefBuD;jzpf aoqkH;vwHU?
b,ftcgrqdk aoqkH;jyefvQifvnf; xdkcEmonf aoonf\
tjcm;rJh y&rf;ywm usa&mufwwfaomtavhSd\/
y&rf;ywm usa&mufjcif;qdkonfum; ykxkZefjzpfMuaom
vl ewf jA[mow0gtaygif;wdo
Yk nf aoonfraS emuf b,fbo
Hk Ydk
igoGm;rnf? b,fow0grsdK; igjzpfrnf[k &nf&G,frSef;xm;
oGm;Edkifaom ow0grnfonf tvGefenf;yg;Muukef\? ow0g
wpfodef; wpfoef;wGif wpfa,mufwpfavrQom Sdav&m\?
usefSdaom ow0gwdkYrSm b,fbkH b,fb0okdY usa&mufrnfrod?
xef;yifay: tke;f yifay:wdrYk S xef;oD;cdik f tke;f oD;cdik rf sm; usouJo
h Ydk
cEmBuD;onf tyg,fbkHokdYom y&rf;ywmuswwfaom tavh
Sd\? cEmusvQifvnf; xdkcEmukd ig\udk,f ig\tw[k pJGvrf;ol
ow0gvnf; yg&avawmhonf? tyg,fbo
Hk Ydk wpfBurd u
f s jyefvQif
vnf; vlUbkH vlUb0okYd jyef&&efta&; tvGeaf 0;vSay\? tyg,fbHk
wGifom ,kwfedrfhonfxuf ,kwfedrfh&mokdY b0 tqufquf
avsmus b0aygif;taomif;rsm;pGm xdck Emonf tyg,fbHk om
tqufquf jzpfav\/
um; cEmig;yg;onf 'kursdK; tppftrSefjzpfonf[k twyfodEdkif&ef
tusOf;t>ruf jyqdkcsufaywnf;

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

50

tew v u P m y#doaEaeNyD; yxraeYtwGif;rSm

ao&aomol orKwdopmtvdktm;jzifh wpf&ufrQ toufSnf
aom ow0gonfSd\? xdkow0g\ twonfSd\? ZD0onfSd\
[kpJGvrf;csufBuD;SdMu\? b,f0wKukd twZD0ac:oenf;[k
ar;cJhaomf kyfcEm emrfcEmukdyif twZD0ac:onf[k ajymMu
uke&f m\/
twqdkonfum; ow0g\ trmcHtESpfom&
[kqdkvdk\? trmcH tESpfom&qdkonfum; xdktwSdrS ow0grnf
onfSdEdkif\? xdktwrSdcJhaomf ow0grnfonfrSdEdkif? ajrSdrS
ajrtdk;rnfonfSdEdkif\? ajrrSdcJhaomf ajrtdk;rnfonfrSdEdkif
ouJo
h w
Ydk nf;? xdt
k wonf rcsKyrf ysuf toufn
S pf mG wnfaeygrS
ow0grnfonfvnf; rcsKyfrysufwnfaeEdkif\? xdktwcsKyf&m
ow0gonfvnf; csKyfqkH;&av\/
um; ow0g\trmcHtESpfom& [laompum;\ t"dyg,fwnf;

orKwo
d pmtvdk xdo
k w0gtwZ0D rsm;onf wpfb0
twGif;rSmwpfBudrfom aoqkH;NrJSd\? wpfb0twGif;rSm tcgcg
aoqkH;onf[l rSdMu/
(um; orKwdopm\ tvdkwnf;)

y&rwopmtvdrk mS rlum; yxr&ufrQae aoqk;H &aom

xdkow0grSm xdkyxraeY&uftwGif; trdjzpfol\ &d,myx
ajymif;a&TUcsuf xGufoufrIwfxkwfcsuf? 0ifoufdIufcsufpaom
vIyfSm;csuftrsdK;rdsK;ukd tpJGjyK xdk&uftwGif;rSmyif xdkol\

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

51

kyfcEmtpOf emrfcEmtpOfvIyfSm; ajymif;vJcsufaygif; axmif

aomif;ru Sdav&m\? ZmwdrI Zm&mrI r&PrI taygif;vnf;
axmifaomif;ruSdav&m\/
xdkaMumifh xdkkyfcEm emrfcEmwdkYonf xdk&uftwGif;rSmyif
tBudrfaygif;rsm;pGm aoqkH;rISdaeonfjzpf xdk&uftwGif;rSm
tedprsdK;omjzpfav\? okdYvQif xdkow0g twZD0rsm;onf
edprsdK;jzpf\? kyfcEm emrfcEmonf tedprsdK;jzpf\? xdkaMumifh
tedprsdK;jzpfaom kyfcEm emrfcEmonf edprsdK;jzpfaom xdkow0g
twZD0\ trmcH tESpfom&jzpfonf[laom t,lonfvJG\?
kycf Em emrfcEmonfyifvQif ow0gjzpf\? twjzpf\? ZD0jzpf\[l
aom t,lonfrmS ;\? kycf Em emrfcEm ow0gr[kw?f twr[kw?f
ZD0r[kwf? tewomjzpf\[laom t,lonf ajzmifhrSef\?
edprsdK;ESifhtedprsdK;onf tvGefuGmjcm;Muonfjzpf kyfcEm
emrfcEmonfyifvQif yk*Kd vjf zpf\? ow0gjzpf\? igjzpf\? oljzpf\
[k wpfckwnf;jyKjcif;iSg rxdkufacs/
um; tom&ua|etewm[laom pum;\teuft"dyg,faywnf;

t0o0wea|e[laompum;\teuft"dyg,f um;
um;xdkoli,fonf wpfaeYwpf&ufrQomae aojcif;udktvdk r&Sd?
olwpfyg;rsm;uJo
h Ykd touf&n
S &f n
S af ejcif;iSg tvd&k \
dS ? xdo
k il ,f\
kycf Em emrfcEmonfru
l m; xdo
k il ,f\ tvdo
k rYkd vdu
k ?f wpf&ufrQ
aeaoqHk;av\? xdkoli,f\tvdkESifh tvGefa0;uGmvsuf&Sd\?
xdkodkYa0;uGmvsuf &SdaomaMumifh kyfcEm emrfcEmonfyifvQif
igjzpf\? ig\twjzpf\? ZD0jzpf\[k rSw,
f jl cif;onf tvGerf mS ;\?

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

52

kyfcEm emrfcEmonf igr[kwf? ig\twvnf; r[kwf? ZD0

vnf;r[kwf tewomjzpf\[k rSwf,ljcif;onf rSefuef\? wpf
oufvHk; aeY&uf&SnforQwdkYrSm enf;twdkif; ppfav/
tewm= tpd;k r&aomteufwpfcsu?f tewm= tvdo
k Ykd
rvdkuf[laomteufwpfcsuf? ESpfeufonf twlwl yifwnf;?
tvdo
k v
Ykd u
kd rf o
S mvQif tpd;k &onf[q
k Ekd ikd \
f ? tvdo
k Ykd rvdu
k v
f Qif
tpdk;&onf[krqdkEkdif? tewm= ig\udk,fr[kwf[laom teuf
onfum; tESpo
f m&r[kw[
f al omteuf? tvdo
k Ykd rvdu
k f [laom
teufESpfcsufESifhqufqH\/
um; tew[l aompum;\ teuft"dyg,faywnf;/
vuPma&;oHk;yg;\teufudk
t>rwfrQjyqdkcef;NyD;\/

xdkrSwpfyg;vnf; terw*oHo&m b0tqufquf

jzpfyGm;vsufaeaom cEmBuD;rSm pkefvrf; qefvrf;[l
ESpfvrf;&Sd\/ "rwmvrf; ocFg&vrf;[lvnf; ESpfvrf;&Sd\?
xdkwGiftyg,fav;bHkon
nf cEmBuD;\pkefvrf;rnf\? "rwm
vrf;vnf;rnf\? vlUbHkewfbHk jA[mbHk [laom ok*wdbHkonf
qefvrf;rnf\? ocFg&vrf;vnf;rnf\/
xdkwGif pkefvrf; "rwmvrf;onfvnf; ,kwfnHhonfxuf
,kwfnhH&m rdkufrJonfxufrdkufrJ&m qif;&J'kuBuD;rm;onfxuf
BuD;rm;&modkY usa&mufjcif;onf pkefvrf; "rwmvrf;yifjzpf\/

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

53

qefvrf; ocFg&vrf;rSmvnf; jrifhjrwfonfxufjrifhjrwf&m

vdrrf monfxuf vdrrf m&m csr;f om okcBu;D rm;onfxuf Bu;D rm;&m
odkY qefwufjcif; a&mufEkdifjcif;onf qefvrf; ocFg&vrf;rnf\/
tb,faMumifhocFg&vrf; jzpfoenf;? txuftxufokdY
qefwufrIrnfonf 'gerI oDvrI bm0emrIudkjyKEdkifygrS qefwuf
Edkif\? qefwufEdkifygaomfvnf; 'get[kef oDvt[kef bm0em
t[kef Sad ecdu
k f om wnfwefEY ikd \
f ? xdt
k [keu
f ek cf ahJ omf pkev
f rf;
"rwmvrf;oko
Yd m usa&mufvm&jyef\? xdak Mumif?h cEmBu;D onf
tedpr sKd ;omtrSejf zpfonf? 'kur sKd ;omtrSejf zpfonf? tewrsKd ;om
trSefjzpfonf[kod&\/
tb,faMumifh pkefvrf;udk "rwmvrf;[k qdkoenf;[lrl
um; pkefvrf;rnfonf edrfh&mokdYavsmusvrf;jzpf jyqdkcJhNyD;aom
ocFg&rIESifh uif;uGmcJhonfSdaomf ruscsifaomfvnf; raeEdkif?
usa&mufNrJjzpfaom ed,mrw&m;rsdK;jzpf "rwmvrf;rnf\?
odkYaomf tyg,fcEmtyg,fb0rsm;onfvnf; ocFg&rsKd;yif
r[kwfygavm[kqdk&efdS\? ocFg&rsdK;yifrSef\? xdkocFg&rsm;
onfru
I m; edro
Yf nfxuferd &Yf m eufonfxufeuf&modYk wGiw
f iG f
BuD; ydkYEdkif&ef ocFg&rsm;jzpfMu\/
xdkpum;rSef\ tyg,fbHkom;wdkY\oEmef/ aeYnOfYrpJ
jzpfygG ;aeaom um,uHrI 0pDurH I raemuHrrI sm;onf b0tquf
quferd o
Yf nfxuferd &Yf m eufonfxufeuf&modYk b0tqufquf
wGifwGifusbdkYom jzpfav\? xdkYaMumifY tyg,fodkYwpfMudrfusav

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

54

aomolonf wb0xufwb0 ,kwfedrfY&modkYom jrKyfarsm

oGm;avawmhonf? ok*wdb0odkY jyefa&muf&efta&; a0;BuD;
a0;avawmYonf/
umPuapaygyrokwefa'oemawmfBuD;udkaxmufajrmfav/
qef w uf r I Y [ l a omocF g & vrf ; rS m vnf ;- 'gerI oDvrI
bm0emrIrnfonftvGefjzpfEdkifcJ\? ukodkvfrSef tukodkvfrSef
ok*wdrSef 'k*wdrSef odEdkifaomb0onf tvGefenf;yg;\? b0
axmifaomif;wGif odEdkifaom b0wpfBudrfwpfcgrQ tvGefBuHK
BuKd ucf v
J \
S /
t&m ocFg&vrf;ESi?Yf "rwmvrf;ESpyf g; tm;dt
S m;rJu
Y kd
odEdkif&ef Oyrmum; **Fgjrpfa&rSmpkef vrf;qef vrf;[l ESpfvrf;
Sd\? "rwmvrf; ocFg&vrf;[lvnf; ESpfvrf;Sd\? xdkwGif
pkefvrf;qdkonfum; edrfYonfxuf edrfY&modkYpD;oGm;rI avsmusrIay
wnf;? qefvrf;qdo
k nfum; txufjrpfnmodYk qefwufraI ywnf;?
pkev
f rf;onf "rwmvrf;rnf\? tqD;twm;rdcS aYJ omf rsuaf wmif
wpfcwf vQyfwpfjyufrQ&yfwefY aeEdkifaomvrf;rsKd; r[kwf?
xdjk rpfa&onf atmufjrpfpOfwpfavQmufoYkd r&yfrem; pD;oGm;Ny;D vQif
urf;rjrifaomyifv,fjyifBuD;odkY qdkufa&muf w0Jvnfvnfae
avawmYonf/
um; **Fgjrpfa&\"rwmvrf;udk jyqdkcsufaywnf;/

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

55

ocF g &vrf ; qd k o nf u m;
m;- xdkjrpfa&udktnmodkY qefwuf
ap&ef avSmfrI yufrI cyfrI ydwfrIrsm;aywnf;? xdktrIrsm;udk
jyKrSyifqefwuf\? qefwufaomfvnf; xdkjyKjyifrI\ t&Sdef&SdorQ
omvQif xdktrIrsm;udk jyKrSyifqefwuf\? tdSefukefvQif pkefNrJ
arsmNrJ"rwmtwdkif;om pkefavarsmav\/
- oHo&maMumif;BuD;onf **FgjrpfaMumif;ESifYwl\?
tyg,fbBkH u;D onf urf;rjrifaomyifv,fBu;D ESiw
Yf \
l ?
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- xd*k *Fgjrpfa&onf? urf;rjrifaom yifv,fa&jyifBu;D odYk
a&mufaomtcg yifv,fBuD;om w0Jvnfvnf
pD;oGm;aeavbdouJYodkY? cEmawGonfvnf;
tyg,fbkH tyg,fb0odYk usa&mufaomtcg tyg,fbkH
BuD;twGif;om b0tqifhqifYjzpfyGg; ae&av
awmYonf/
taMumif;rlum; xdkcEmtpOfrSm teD;tpyfjzpfaom
b0wdUk jzpfcaYJ omtukov
kd u
f rH sKd ; ode;f oef; uka#toacsrF sm;pGm
ygSdvsufaeonfwpfaMumif; tyg,fb0wdkYvnf; tukodkvfuH
w&m; aeYpOfjzpfyGg;ojzifY xdktyg,fb0jzpfaom tukodkvfuH
opfawG wpfb0xufwpfb0yGg;rsm; oGm;onfwpfaMumif;
xdt
k aMumif;rsm;aMumifh xdck EmrSm ty&my&d,a0'eD, ukov
kd u
f H
a[mif;rsm;ygdSaomfvnf; xdkuHa[mif;rsm; tcGifh&Edkif&ef tvGef
a0;uGmvsufdSav\/

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

56

um; vl ewf jA[m ykxkZef ow0gwdkY\ cEmBuD;i,fonf okcrsdK;

r[kwf tvGefBuD;us,faom 'kursdK;omjzpfonf[k 'kutcsufBuD;udk jyqdkcef;
aywnf;/

twpv
JG rf;rI\ tjypf tewxifjrifr\
I tusKd ;udk jyqd&k m\?
pGv
J rf;rIonfo;kH yg;S\
d /
- wPSmpGJvrf;rIwpfyg;?
- rmepGJvrf;rIwpfyg;?
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[l oHk;yg;dS\/
xdw
k iG f ig\t*Fg ig\OD;acgif;t*Fg ig\ajct*Fg vuft*Fg
ig\rsupf t
d *Fg em;t*Fgponfjzifv
h nf;aumif; ig\trd ig\tz
ig\r,m; ig\om; ig\orD; ponfjzifhvnf;aumif; ig\EGm;
ig\uRJ ig\jrif; ponfjzifhvnf;aumif; ig\tdrf ig\wdkuf
ig\v,f ig\,m ig\a&T ig\aiGponfjzifhvnf;aumif; rdrd
ud,
k u
f kd tydik t
f &Sijf yK ud,
k t
f *Fg OD;acgif;t*Fgponfwu
Ykd kd ydik Ef ikd &f m
OpmjyK pGJvrf;rIonf wPSm\pGJvrf;jcif;rnf\/
rme\pG J v rf ; jcif ; rnf o nf u m; ud k , f t *F g onf
yifvQif igjzpf\? OD;acgif;onfyifvQifigjzpf\ponfjzifh rdrd
udk,ft*Fg axmifaxmifvTm;vTm; igwum;[k pGJvrf;rIonf
rme\pGJvrf;jcif; rnf\/
'd|d\pGJvrf;jcif;rnfonfum; ud,
k t
f *FgonfyifvQif
ig\tESpo
f m& twjzpf\ponfjzifh ud,
k cf Emudk trmcHtESpo
f m&
twtaeESifhpGJvrf;jcif;onf 'd|d\pGJvrf;jcif;rnf\/

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

57

xdo
k ;Hk yg;aompGv
J rf;jcif;wdw
Yk iG f wPSmpGv
J rf;jcif;onf avsmh
ao;\? rdrdudk,fcEmrS ty0wKrsm;odkYxGuf pGJvrf;\? rme
pGJvrf;csufonf wPSmpGJvrf;csufxufwif;Muyf\? ty0wKodkY
rxGufjyD? rmepGJvrf;csufxuf 'd|dpGJvrf;csufonf tvGef
wif;Muyf\/
Oyrmum; rme\pGJvrf;csufonf **Fga&ESifh ,rkema&udk
wpfcw
k nf; jzpfatmifa&maESmouJo
h Ykd igESihf cEmud,
k f wpfcw
k nf;
jzpf a tmif a &maES m jcif ; rQomjzpf \ ? cJ E S i f h a iG u d k v nf ; aumif ;
a&Tuv
kd nf;aumif; wpfcw
k nf; jzpfatmifa&maESm&m cJonfum;
tumrQomjzpf\? a&TaiGonfum; tESpo
f m& jzpf\ [kq&kd ouJo
h Ykd
igonfum; tumrQuJhodkYjzpf\? ig\kyfcEmemrfcEmonfum;
ig\tESpfom&twjzpfay\ [kpGJvrf;rIjzpf 'd|dpJGvrf;rI
onfwPSm pGJvrf;rIxuf tvGefwif;Muyf\ cifwG,frItaygif;
wdw
Yk iG f urf;ukev
f rf;ukef cifw,
G jf cif;jzpf\? xdaYk Mumifh tworm
ayrm ewd [kqdkdk;BuD;&SdMu\/
um; twpGJvrf;rI\eufeJykH eufeJcsufudk jyqdkjcif;wnf;

rQavmufeufeJaompGJvrf;jcif;jzifh rdrdcEmudkig\
tw[k tcdik t
f jrpJ v
JG rf;jcif;onf rdr\
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f yk rf jI zpf\?
xdkoHo&mpmcsKyfBuD;twdkif; cEm\tvdkudkvdkufpm; aeMuonfh
twGuf rdru
d ,
kd cf EmoGm;&m"rwmvrf;Bu;D odYk ,aeYxufwikd v
f u
kd f
yg aeMu&ukef\? xdkoHo&mpmcsKyfBuD;onf tb,frQavmuf

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

58

cdkifjrJoenf;[lrlum; tyg,fav;bkH usa&mufaeMuukefaom

ow0gwdkYudk tb,folypfcs usa&mufMuavoenf;qdkaomf
tb,fol wpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ ypfcsEdkifonfr[kwf? rdrdudk,fcEm
onfomvQif ypfcsusa&muf Mu&avukef\? t0Dpdi&JrD;xJrSm
tESpfwpfodef; ESpfodef;ponfjzifh epfjrKyfaeMuaom ow0g
wdkYudkvnf; tb,folwpfa,mufrQ ypfcs&onfr[kwf? rdrdudk,f
cEmonfomvQifypfcs\? xdki&J tESpfwpfodef; ESpfodef; ponf
jzifhtvGef umv&SnfMumpGm avSmifxm;rIonfvnf; olwpfyg;
avSmifxm;onfr[kwf? rdrdcEmonfyifvQifavSmifxm;\/
xdki&Jom;wdkYonf xdkrQavmufESdyfpufwwfaom cEmudk,f
udkyifvQif tjypfrxifEdkif? xdkpmcsKyfudkrzsufEdkif? ig\tw ig\
tw[k rdrdcEmudk,fudkyif tcdkiftjrJpGJvrf;vsufyif &SdMu\?
pum;&yfjzifh rdrdwdkYrSm rdrdwdkY\ cEmuJhodkY BuD;us,faom &efol
[lr&S?d rdrw
d \
Ykd cEmonfomvQif rdrw
d rYkd mS tBu;D tus,q
f ;Hk aom
&efoljzpf\[k xif&Sm;vSav\? xdkYaMumifh tworm a0&Demr
ewd [kqdkdk;BuD;&SdMu\/
um; twpGJvrf;csuf\tjypfBuD;ykHudk
jyqdkcsufjyD;\/

-----------------tMuiftcg tewPfonfaygufa&muf\? xdktcg

tw'|d o
d nft<uif;rJch sKyNf ird ;f \? tw'|d cd sKyNf ird ;f onfEiS hf wpfNyKd if
euf terw*oo
H &m tw\odr;f ydu
k cf suw
f iG f xdck EmrSm tpOf
yg&dSaeMuukefaom 'kpdkuf uHa[mif;taygif; teEwdkYonf

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

59

tukefcsKyfNidrf;&ukef\? tw'd|dudk tBuD;trI;jyK xdkcEmrSm

aomif;usef;aeMuukefaom udavomtaygif;wdkYonfvnf;
uryxajrmufavmufatmif x<uaomif;usef;jcif;r&dSMuukefNyD?
xkt
d cgrSp cEmBu;D rSm atmufoaYdk vsmusjcif;[laom "rwm
vrf;Bu;D uG,q
f ;Hk av\? txufoq
Ykd efwuf jcif;[laom ocFg&vrf;
BuD;onf twnftNrJjzpf xdkow0gonf wpfb0xufwpfb0
jrwfonfxufjrwf&m jrifhonfxufjrifh&modkYom qefwuf
oGm;avawmh\/
um; tewPf aygufa&mufcsuf\tusKd;BuD;ykHudk
jyqdkcsufwnf;

------------Ak ' b momed A m ef u d k j yqk d & m\/

oHo&m'kurS uRwfvGwfjcif; xGufajrmufjcif;udkqdkaythhH?
pum; 1/ oHo&monf&dS\?
2/ oHo&m0#fonf&dS\?
3/ oHo&m0#f'kuonf&dS\?
4/ oHo&m0#f'kurS uRwfvGwfjcif;onf&dS\/ /
xdkwGif1/ oHo&mqdkonfum; wpfa,mufwpfa,muf
aomow0g[k ac:a0:tyfaom cEmtm,we"mwf wdkY\
terw*oHo&mumv b0tqufquf urmtqufquf

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

60

tm;jzifh rjywfrvyf qufvufjzpfyGm;vsufaeaom tpOfonf

oHo&mrnf\/
xdkoHo&monf - atmufoHo&m?
- tv,foHo&m?
- txufoHo&m
[l okH;aMumif;okH;oG,f&dS\/
- tyg,foHo&m?
- umrok*wdoHo&m?
- jA[moHo&m
[lvnf;qdk&\? xdkwGif- tyg,f a v;bk H e ,f y ,f B uD ; onf atmuf
oHo&mrnf\/
- vlYjynfESifhewfjynfajcmufxyfonf tv,f
oHo&mrnf\/
- jA[mjynfESpfq,fonf txufoHo&mrnf/
um; oHo&mokH;aMumif;udk jyqdkcsufwnf;

2/ oHo&m0#fonf1/ udavom0#fwpfyg;?
2/ ur0#fwpfyg;?
3/ 0dygu0#fwpfyg;?
[l okH;yg;&dS\/ xdkokH;yg;onfvnf;

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

61

- atmufoHo&mBuD;\ qdkif&mjzpfaom 0#f

okH;yg;wpfrsKd;?
- tv,foHo&mBuD;\ qdkif&mjzpfaom 0#f
okH;yg;wpfrsKd;?
- txufoo
H &mBu;D \ qdik &f m 0#fo;Hk yg;wpfrsK;d ?
[l okH;rsKd;okH;vD&dS\? xdkwGif atmufoHo&m\ qdkif&m
jzpfaom 0#foHk;yg;
ud a vo0#f q d k o nf u m; tw'd|dBuD;udkqdk\?
ur0#fqdkonfum; wpfa,mufaom ow0g
\ oEmefrSm a&S;a&S;aomb0teEwdkYvnf;
aumif;? ,ckb0vnf;aumif; trdkuftrSm;
jzpfymG ;cJ
h tw'|d \
d odr;f ydu
k cf sujf zifh tw'|d \
d
vufqkyfxJwGif ,aeYxufwdkifyg&dS aeMuukef
aom tyg,fvm;aMumif; tukodkvf uHa[mif;
teEwdkYonf&dSukef\? aemiftw'd|d&dSaeorQ
umvywfv;Hk xdt
k w'|d rd S jzpfymG ;vwUH ukeaf om
tyg,fvm;aMumif; tukov
kd u
f aH ygif; teEonf
ur0#frnf\/
0d y gu0#f q d k o nf u m; i&J wd&pmef Nydwm
tok&um,f[kqdktyfaom tyg,fav;bkHom;
wkdY\ cEmudk,fawGudk 0dygu0#fqdk\/
tb,f h a Mumif h tw ' d | d u d k t yg,f o H o &m\qd k i f & m
udavo0#f[
l qdo
k enf;[lru
l m; xkt
d w'|d d &daS eaomolonf

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

62

vlYbkH vlYb0rSm jzpfaeaomfvnf; tyg,fbkHodkY wpfvJvJom

usa&muf&\? xkdYtwl ewfbkHewfb0 jA[mbkHjA[mb0rSm
jzpfaeaomfvnf; tyg,fbo
Hk Ydk wvJvo
J musa&muf&\? xdak Mumifh
tw'd|dudk tyg,foHo&m\qdkif&m udavo0#fqkdownf;/
tv,foHo&m\qdkif&m udavo0#fqdkonfum; umr
wPSmBuD;udkqdk\? umrwPSmBuD;qdkonfum; rsufpdt&om
taumif; BudKufrIBuD;wpfyg; em;t&omtaumif; BudKufrIBuD;
wpfyg; ESmacgif;t&omtaumif; BuKd urf BI u;D wpfyg; vQmt&om
taumif; BudKufrIBuD;wpfyg; ukd,ft*Fgt&omtaumif; BudKufrI
BuD;wpfyg; taumif; BudKufrIBuD;ig;yg;ukd umrwPSm[kqkd\?
umr*kPfig;yg;wkdY om,mrufarmrIBuD;ig;wkdYaywnf;/
tv,foHo&m\qkdif&m ur0#fqkdonfum; vlUcsrf;
om ewf c srf ; omuk d awmif h w jyKtyf a om'gerI oD v rI
bm0emrIwkdYukd tv,foHo&m\qkdif&m ur0#fqkd\? xkdur0#f
onfvnf; uHa[mif; uHopfESpfrsKd;Sd\/
tv,f oH o &m\qk d i f & m 0d y gu0#f q k d o nf u m;
vlUbkHom; ewfjynfajcmufxyfewfbkHom;wkdY\ cEmawGukd 0dygu
0#fq\
dk /
tb,faMumifh umrwPSmBu;D ukd tv,foo
H &m\qkid &f m
udavo0#f[l qkdoenf;[lrlum; xkdumrwPSmEko,BuD;
Sdaeaomolonf txufb0*fbkHrSm jzpfaeaomfvnf; atmuf
vlUbkH ewfbkHokdY wvJvJomusa&muf&\? xkdaMumifh umrwPSm

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

63

Eko,BuD;ukd tv,foHo&m\qkdif&m udavo0#fqkdownf;?

aemufvnf; xkdtwlyifwnf;/
txuf o H o &m\qk d i f & m ud a vo0#f q k d o nf u m;
b0 wPSmBu;D ukq
d \
dk ? b0wPSmqko
d nfum; jA[mwk\
Yd oEmefSd
aom psmeftbdnmPf ormywf[q
k t
dk yfaom urb0 om,m
aom wPSmwpfyg; xkdurb0\tusKd; wefckd;'dyg'fwkdY
om,maom wPSmwpfyg; wPSmESpfyg;ukd txufoHo&m\
qkdif&m udavo0#f qkd\/
ur 0 #f q k d o nf u m; yxrpsmefukokdvf 'kwd,psmef
ukokdvf tpSdaom lyukokdvfig;yg; tlyukodkvfav;yg;
r[*Kwf ukokdvfukd;yg;ukd ur0#fqkd\/
0d y gu0#f q k d o nf u m; l y jA[ m tl y jA[ m wk d Y \
cEmukd,fukd qkd\/
um;-0#fokH;yg;okH;vDukd jyqkdcsufwnf;

----------3/ oH o m&0#f ' k u q k d o nf u m; 1/ Zmwd'kuwpfyg;?

2/ Z&m'kuwpfyg;?
3/ r&P'kuwpfyg;?
4/ aomu'kuwpfyg;?
5/ y&da'0'kuwpfyg;?
6/ 'ku 'kuwpfyg;

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

64

7/ a'gre'kuwpfyg;?
8/ Oyg,mo 'kuwpfyg;?
9/ tyd,ora,m*'kuwpfyg;?
10/ yd,0dya,m*'kuwpfyg;?
11/ pm0dCmw'kuwpfyg;?
wpfq,fhwpfyg;aom 'kutcsufBuD;wkdYukd oHo&m
0#f'u
k [
q
k \
dk /
xk d ' k u \ tus,f u k d r l u m; 'k u o p m \ ed a ' o wk d Y
Munfhav? xkdoHo&m0#f'kuonfvnf; atmufoHo&m\ qkdif&m
oH o m&0#f ' k u w pf r sd K ; tv,f o H o &m\ qk d i f & moH o m&
0#f'u
k w
pfrsKd ; txufoo
H &m\qkid &f m oHom&0#f'u
k w
pfrsKd ;[l
xkdufonftm;avsmfpGm okH;rsdK;pDSdMuonf/
um;-oHom&0#f'kuokH;rsdK;ukd jyqkdcsufwnf;

-------------4/ oH o &m0#f ' k u r S uRwf v G w f j cif ; qk d o nf u m;

edAmefukd qkdownf;? xkdedAmefonfvnf;
- yxredAmef
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[k okH;yg;Sd\- xkdwGif
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qkdif&m 0#f'kuwkdY\ aemifjzpfay:&ef t<uif;
tusefrSd csKyfNidrf;jcif;ukd yxredAmefqkd\/

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

65

- 'k w d , ed A m ef q d k o nf u m; vlYb0 ewfb0

tquf quf [kqdktyfaom tv,foHo&m\
qdkif&m 0#f'kuwdkY\ aemifjzpfay:&ef t<uif;
tusefrSd csKyfNidrf;jcif;ukd 'kwd, edAmef[kqdk\/
- wwd,edAmefqdkonfum; ly tly jA[mb0
tqufquf[kqdktyfaom? txufoHo&m\
qdkif&m 0#f'kuwdkY\ aemifjzpfay:&ef t<uif;
tusefrSd csKyfNidrf;jcif;ukd wwd,edAmef[kqdk\/
xdkwGifrdrdcEmtewPftjrifay:a&muf tw'd|d
t<uif;tusefr&Sd csKyfjidrf;jyD;aomolonf cyfodrf;aom'd|d
tarSmufrSm;wdkYrSvnf; uRwfvGwfMuav\? cyfodrf;aom tyg,f
vm;aMumif; raumif;rIuHa[mif; raumif;rI uHopfwdkYrSvnf;
uRwf v G w f M uav\? aemif t yg,f o H o &mjzpf v w H Y a om
tyg,fcEm tyg,fb0 teEwdkYrSvnf; tw'd|duRwfvGwfonf
ESiw
hf pfjyKd ief uf t<uif;tuserf &Sd uRwv
f w
G Mf uav\? xdo
k rl sm;\
cEmtpOfrSm tyg,fbkHtyg,fb0 atmufbkHatmufb0odkY
avsmusNrJ"rwmvrf;BuD;onfvnf; aysmufuG,fav\? rdrd
tvdk&Sd&m ok*wdbkHb0 jrifhonfxufjrifh&mb0 tqufqufodkY
qef w uf j cif ; [l a om "r w mvrf ; opf B uD ; wpf c k w nf ; om
wnf&Sdav\? vlYbkH vlYb0wGifvnf; oDvodumtvdrm ,kwfnHh
aomvlUb0 pnf;pdrfcsrf;om udk,ft*Fg,kwfnHh aomvlY b0wdkYrS
vnf; uRwv
f w
G af v\? oDvodum tvdrrf mBu;D jrwfaom vlb
Y 0
pnf;pdrfcsrf;om udk,ft*FgjrifhjrwfaomvlYb0omjzpf&av\/

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

66

ewfbeHk wfb0wdYk omjzpf&av\? ewfbekH wfb0wdYk vnf;

xdt
k wlyifwnf;? xdyk xredAm efwnfaomolonf ykxZk e t
f jzpfrS
uRwfvGwf t&d,mtjzpfwnfav\? avmuDbkHom;tjzpfrS
uRwv
f w
G
f avmukw& mbko
H m;tjzpf wnfav\? yxredAm ef
bkHom;tjzpfwnf&dSav\? xdkolonf vlYbkHewfbkH jA[mbkHwdkY
b0rsm;pGmurmrsm;pGm oHo&musiv
f nf &jim;aomfvnf; oHo&m
tvsOfjrKyfaomoGm;jcif; arsmaomoGm;jcif;[l r&SdavjyD/
tw'd|d&SdaeMuaomolwdkY\ oHo&musifvnfjcif;onf
jrpfa&t,Of usa&mufajcmufaoGUaom opfwkH;uJhodk h jrKyfaom
usifvnfjcif; arsmaomusifvnfjcif;jzpfav\? tw'd|dt
<uif;tusefrdS uRwfvGwfMuukefaomolwdkY\ usifvnfjcif;rSm
rlum; jrKyaf omusiv
f nfjcif; arsmaomusiv
f nf jcif;vnf;r[kw?f
jrpfdk;jrpfpOfwavQmuf oabFmBuD;i,fwdkYonf tvdkdS&mjrpfpOf
wavsmuf oGm;vm aeMubdouJo
h Ykd rdrw
d t
Ykd vdk &Sd m ok*wdbb
Hk 0
wavsmufoYkd oGm;vmomaeMuuke\
f ? jzpfav&mbkb
H 0vnf;
avmuDcsrf;om avmukw&mcsrf;om ESpfyg;ukd tpkHcHpm;&av\?
vljzpfaomb0 vlcsrf;om edAmefcsrf;om[kqdktyfaom csrf;om
ESpfyg;udk pG,fpkHcHpm;&av\/
xkdwGif vlYcsrf;omudk cHpm;rIum; xifSm;odomjyD? edAmef
csr;f omukd tb,foUkd cHpm;oenf;[lru
l m; 'kp u
kd rf u
I dk jyKusi
hf
aeaomolrsm;udk jrif&Bum;&onfdSaomf olrsm;onf 'kpdkuf
trIujkd yKMuay\? tyg,fou
Ykd smS Mu&vdrrhf nf? ighrmS uJo
h aYkd om

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

67

'kpdkufrS b0tqufqufvGwfh jidrf;ayjyD[k 0rf;ajrmufjcif;

MuD;pGmjzpf&av\? acG; 0uf Muuf iSuf tpdSaom tyg,fbHkom;
ow0grsm;ukd awGUjrif&m ow0grsm;onf qif;&JwGif;MuD;
eufeJavpG? ighrSm uJhodkUaom tyg,fqif;&J'kurS vGwfjidrf;ay
jyD[k 0rf;ajrmufMuD;pGmjzpf&av\/
um; edAmefcsrf;omudk cHpm;yHkwnf;

avmuDcsrf;omrSm rsufjrif'd|jzpfMu tvGef MuD;

us,faumif;jrwfonf[k xifMuwwf\? edAmefcsrf;omrSm vGwf
jidrf;rIjzpf txnf0wKudk rjrif&aomaMumifh MuD;jrwfonf[k
rxifwwfMu? xko
d u
Ykd m; r[kwf avmuDcsr;f omwdx
Yk uf vGwjf ird ;f
rI[al om edAm efcsr;f omonf Bu;D us,jf rifjh rwf\? av;uRe;f vH;k udk
tpdk;&aom pMumrEmwfrif;wdkY\ pnf;pdrfcsrf;omxuf i&Jb0rS
tpOfxm0& vGwfNidrf;rIonf? b0odef;oef;uka# ra&wGufEdkif
atmif BuD;jrwf\? xdkYtwl ewfrif;odMum;rif; jA[mrif;wdkY\
avmuDpnf;pdrf csrf;omxuf tqodef;oef;uka# ra&wGufEdkif
atmifBuD;jrwf\/
jrwfpGmbk&m;omoemawmf BuD;udk awGYBuHKvdkonf[k
vGefrif;pGm awmifYwMu&m? avmuDcsrf;omtwGufESifh awmifhw
Mu&onf r[kw?f vGwNf ird ;f rI[al om edAm efcsr;f omtwGuEf iS o
hf m
awmifhwMu&ukef\/
um; yxredAmefbHkol yxredAmefbHkom;wdkY\
yxredAmefcsrf;omudk cHpm;&yHkwnf;/

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

68

'k w d , ed A m ef umrwPS m BuD ; ud k y,f j zwf j cif ; iS m

vlYcEmewfcEmwdkY\ 'kutcsufwdkYudk xifvif;pGmMunfhI&m
tem*grdr*fudk &ojzifh xdkumrwPSmBuD;onf t<uif;tusefrdS
csKyfNidrf;av\? umrwPSmBuD; csKyfNidrf;onfESifhwNydKifeuf
vlUtjzpfewftjzpfudk ay;Edkifaom ukodkvfurb0wdkYonf
vnf;aumif; vlUcEmewfcEm tqufqufwdkYonfvnf;aumif;?
t<uif;tusefr&Sd csKyfNidrf;Muavukef\? vlYcEmewfcEmwdkY\
'kutcsuf udkjrif&m Oyrmum; rpifbifykyf aowmBuD;
wpfckonf dSav&m\? xdkaowm\jyify teDt0gpaom
aq;trsKd;rsKd; ydk;zJuwDygtpdSaom txnftrsKd;rsKd; jc,fv,f
vsufSd\? twGif;rlum; rpifbif ykyfawG tjynfhSd\? bDvl;BuD;
o&JBuD; oHbufBuD; okH;aumifvnf;Sd\? tqdyfxefaoma>rqdk;
uif;qdk; trsKd;rsKd;vnf;dSav\? rpifbifykyfudk pm;aomuf
aeaom ydk;avmufawGvnf; tjynfYdSav&m\/
Oyrm- umrbHkom;wdkY\cEmonf rpifbifykyfwdkYjzifh
jynfYaom aowmBuD; i,fESifYwl\/
- wPSm rme 'd|doHk;yg;onf aowmwGif;
&SdaombDvl;BuD; ol&JBuD; oHbufBuD; oHk;
aumif ESifhwl\/
- usef aSd om udavom trsm;onf xdak owm
wGif; Sdaeaom tqdyfxefaom a>rqdk;
uif;qdk;trsdK;rsdK;ESifhwl\/

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

69

- Zmwd Z&m r&P aomu y&da'0 paom

'kutcsufrsm;onf xdkaowmwGif; rpif
bif y k y f w d k Y u d k pm;aeMuaom yd k ; avmuf
trsm;ESiw
hf \
l /
um; vlUcEm ewfcEmwdkU 'kuxifjrifyHkwnf;/
'kwd,edAmefNyD;\/

-------------------wwd , ed A m ef b0wPSmBuD;udk y,fazsmufjcif;iSm

jA[mcEmwdkY\ 'kutcsufBuD;udk xifvif;pGm MunfhIMuav&m\?
t&[wr*fudk&ojzifh b0wPSmBuD;onf t<uif;tusefrdS
csKyfNidrf;av\? b0wPSmBuD; csKyfNidrf;onfESifhwpfNydKifeuf
jA[mtjzpfudkay;Edkifaom ukodkvfurb0wdkYonfvnf;aumif;
jA[mcEmtqufqufwdkYonfvnf;aumif; t<uif;tusefrSd
csKyf N id r f ; Muavuk e f \ ? jA[ m cE m wd k Y \ 'k u t csuf u d k j rif & m
Oyrmum; zGJaowmBuD;wpfckonfdSav&m\ xdkzGJaowmBuD;\
jyifyteDt0g tp&Sdaomaq;trsdK;rsdK; ydk;zJuwDyg tp&Sdaom
txnf t rsd K ;rsd K ;jc,f v ,f v suf d S \ ? twG i f ; rl u m; zG J M urf ;
awGvnf;dS\? bDvl;BuD; ol&JBuD; oHbufBuD; oHk;aumifvnf;Sd\?
tqdyfxefaoma>rqdk;uif;qdk;trsdK;rsdK;vnf;dS\? zGJMurf;awGudk
pm;aomufaeaomydk; rsdK;vnf; tjynfhSd\/
Oyrm-

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

70

- jA[mwd\
Yk cEmonf zGEJ k zGMJ urf;wdjYk zifjY ynfaY om
aowmBuD;i,fESifhwl\/
- wPSm rme 'd|doHk;yg;wdkYonf xdkaowm
wGif;Sdaom bDvl;BuD; ol&JBuD; oHbufBuD;
oHk;aumifESifhwl\/
- xdkrSwpfyg;aom udavomw&m;rsm;onf
aow m wG i f ; S d a eaom tqd y f x ef a om
a>rqdk; uif;qdk; trsdK;rsdL;ESifYwl\/
- Zmwd Z&m r&P'kursm;onf xdkaowm
wG i f ; zG J E k zG J M urf ; wd k Y u d k pm;aeMuaom
ydk;rsdK;ESifhwl\?
- jA[mcEmonf zGJEk zGJMurf;wdkjhzifhjynfhaom
aowmBuD;ESifhwl\/
wlyu
kH m; zGMJ urf;rnfonf b,f[mrStoH;k rus? yd;k pm rTm;pm
rD;pm rQomjzpfav\? xdkYtwl ow0grsm;onf terw*
oHo&m b0cEmudk &cJYMuonfrSm teEdSMuavNyD? odkYaomf?
tyg,0#f'u
k t
aygif;wGif ,aeYxufwikd f tb,f0#f'u
k w
pfcu
k rkd Q
y,fjzwfEidk Nf y[
D rk daS o; Z&m r&PrD;pmrQomjzpfukeq
f ;kH cJaY v\?
xdkYaMumifh jA[mcEmonf zGJMurf;aowmBuD;ESifhwlvS\/
um; jA[mcEmwdkY'kuxifyHkwnf;/
wwd,edAmefNyD;\/

-----------------

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

71

yxr ed A m ef & &ef t a&;BuD ; / / edAmefoHk;&yfwdkYwGif

,cktcg Ak'bmom omoemtwGif; yxredAmefudk &jcif;iSm
tvGefta&;BuD;vS\? xdkedAmefudkvnf; ,ckvlYb0 aomfvnf;
&EkdifaomtcGifYumvdSae\? ewfjynfodkYa&muf ewfb0
aomfvnf; &EdkifaomtcGifYumv&Sdae\? bk&m;omoemBuD;
ESifYawGUBuHKygvsuf yxredAmefudkrQ r&cJYonfSdaomf Ak'Kyg'
'k v b ud k a wG Y B uH K &ygvsuf vd k & if ; tusd K ;ud k r&bJ d S & av\?
,ckumv vltrsm;wdkYonfrdrdwdkY udk,fudk ,ckbk&m;omoem
wGi;f rSm edAm efurkd &Edik Mf uukeNf y?D aemuft&daraw,s jrwfpmG bk&m;
omoemodkY a&mufrS&EdkifMuvdrfYrnf[k rSwfxifvsufSdMuukef\?
xdkrSwfxifcsufonf ed,wAsm'dwf&NyD;aom yk*dKvfwdkYrSom
rSwx
f ifcsut
f wdik ;f &Edik Mf uukev
f wUH ? ed,wAsm'dwu
f kd r&bl;aom
ted , wyk * d K vf w d k Y r S m rl u m; rS w f x if c suf t wd k i f ; &Ed k i f M u&ef
tvGefcJ,Of;vS\?
ynm&Sdrsm; pOfpm;&e
m;&ef/ / cJ,Of;yHkum; ,ckbk&m; omoem
uG,fvGefNyD;onfhaemuf araw,s jrwfpGmbk&m; yGifhawmfrl&m
umvonf tvGefa0;uGmvsufSdao;\? vlYb0aygif; ewfb0
aygif;odef;aomif;rsm;pGm usifvnfMu&aomfvnf; xdkjrwfpGm
bk&m;omoemodkY a&mufEdkifMurnf r[kwf ao;? pyfMum;vnf;
omoemytrdkufawmBuD;rSm usifvnfMu& vdrfhrnf? tw'd|dBuD;
wif;vif;ESiYf xdt
k rdu
k af wmBu;D twGi;f rSm b0aygif; rsm;pGmusiv
f nf
&onfdSaomf tyg,fbHkodkY b0aygif; rnfrQ us&vdrfhrnfrod?

ZtpodYk

tew 'DyeDusrf;opf

72

tyg,fbHkodkY wpfBudrfwpfcg uscJhjyefvQifvnf; jyqdkcJYNyD;aomcEm

"rwmvrf;BuD;twdkif; tyg,fe,frSmyif b0aygif;odef;aomif;
rsm;pGm usiv
f nfae&onfadS omf xdjk rwfpmG bk&m;omoemawmf
ESifYawGUBuHK&ef ta0;BuD;a0;uGm aeMu&vdrfhrnfrod? um;
ynmdSwdkY txl;pOf;pm;Mu&ef tcsufaywnf;/
ed , mr uxm
wGifaGUum; ow'd|d Oap''d|d\oabm orm'd|d
Pf\oabmudkodvdkygonf[k Sifukov avQmufxm;csufudk
ajzqdkjcif;udkt&if;jyKojzifhvnf;aumif; ,cktcg tvGefta&;
BuD;vSpGmaom tewtcsufBuD;udkvnf;aumif; txl;jyqdk&m
tew'DyeDusrf;opfonf jrefrmou&mZf 1280-jynfh?
jzpfaomtew
jymokdvqef; 8-&uf? Ak'[l;aeYwGif atmifjrifNyD;pD;ayownf;/
tew ' D y eD u srf ; opf N yD ; \/
-----------------