Women Entrepreneurship in India: Some Aspects

Dr. Madhuri Srivastava Professor & Head Department of Economics, Former Director, Centre for Women Studies and Development Faculty of Social Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India

Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Banaras Hindu University

Why do Women Take-up Employment?

Push Factors
Death of bread winner Sudden fall in family income Permanent inadequacy in income of the family

Pull Factors
Womens desire to evaluate their talent To utilize their free time or education Need and perception of Womens Liberation, Equity etc. To gain recognition, importance and social status. To get economic independence
Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Banaras Hindu University

Categories of Women Entrepreneurs

Women in organized & unorganized sector Women in traditional & modern industries Women in urban & rural areas Women in large scale and small scale industries. Single women and joint venture.
Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Banaras Hindu University

Categories of Women Entrepreneurs in Practice in India

First Category
Established in big cities Having higher level technical & professional qualifications Non traditional Items Sound financial positions

Second Category
Established in cities and towns Having sufficient education Both traditional and non traditional items Undertaking women services-kindergarten, crches, beauty parlors, health clinic etc.
Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Banaras Hindu University

Categories of Women Entrepreneurs in Practice in India (Contd.)

Third Category
Illiterate women Financially week Involved in family business such as Agriculture, Horticulture, Animal Husbandry, Dairy, Fisheries, Agro Forestry, Handloom, Powerloom etc.

Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Banaras Hindu University

Supportive Measures for Womens Economic Activities and Entrepreneurship Direct & indirect financial support Yojna schemes and programmes Technological training and awards Federations and associations

Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Banaras Hindu University

Direct & Indirect Financial Support

Nationalized banks State finance corporation State industrial development corporation District industries centers Differential rate schemes Mahila Udyug Needhi scheme Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) State Small Industrial Development Corporations (SSIDCs)
Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Banaras Hindu University

Yojna Schemes and Programmes

Nehru Rojgar Yojna Jawahar Rojgar Yojna TRYSEM DWACRA

Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Banaras Hindu University

Technological Training and Awards

Stree Shakti Package by SBI
Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India Trade Related Entrepreneurship Assistance and Development (TREAD) National Institute of Small Business Extension Training (NSIBET) Womens University of Mumbai

Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Banaras Hindu University

Federations and Associations

National Alliance of Young Entrepreneurs (NAYE) India Council of Women Entrepreneurs, New Delhi Self Employed Womens Association (SEWA) Association of Women Entrepreneurs of Karnataka (AWEK) World Association of Women Entrepreneurs (WAWE) Associated Country Women of the World (ACWW)
Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Banaras Hindu University

Women Entrepreneurship in India

States Tamil Nadu Uttar Pradesh Kerala Punjab Maharastra Gujrat Karnatka Madhya Pradesh
Other States & UTS

No of Units Registered 9618 7980 5487 4791 4339 3872 3822 2967 14576 57,452

No. of Women Entrepreneurs 2930 3180 2135 1618 1394 1538 1026 842 4185 18,848

Percentag e 30.36 39.84 38.91 33.77 32.12 39.72 26.84 28.38 28.71 32.82

Total

Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Banaras Hindu University

Women Work Participation

Country India (1970-1971) India (1980-1981) India (1990-1991) India (2000-2001) USA UK Indonesia Sri Lanka Brazil
Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Banaras Hindu University

Percentage 14.2 19.7 22.3 31.6 45 43 40 35 35

Women Entrepreneurship in India

Earlier there were 3 Ks
Kitchen Kids Knitting

Then came 3 Ps
Powder Pappad Pickles

At present there are 4 Es

Electricity Electronics Energy Engineering
Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Banaras Hindu University

Some examples
Mahila Grih Udyog
7 ladies started in 1959: Lizzat Pappad

Lakme
Simon Tata

Shipping coorporation
Mrs. Sumati Morarji

Exports
Ms. Nina Mehrotra

Herbal Heritage
Ms. Shahnaz Hussain

Balaji films
Ekta Kapoor
Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Banaras Hindu University

 Naina Lal Kidwai, Investment Banker Fortune magazine listed her as one of the worlds most powerful businesswomen in 2003. India Inc recognises her as one of its most powerful investment bankers. But Naina Lal Kidwai, HSBCs deputy CEO, cant be reduced to simple woman-banker equations; her professional vision transcends gender
Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Banaras Hindu University

 Shahnaz Husain, Herbal Beauty Queen Shes the "Estee Lauder of India", with even famous department stores like Galleries Lafayette in Paris, Harrods and Selfridges in London and Bloomingdales in New York stocking her cosmetics, creams and lotions.

Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Banaras Hindu University

 Vineeta Bali

Director, Academic Success Program

she practiced law as a business litigator for three years, and then as a transactional attorney for the Silicon Valley Law Group for several years. Her main responsibilities as a transactional attorney were in the following areas: mergers and acquisitions, investor financing and corporate funding, business formation and corporate governance, securities compliance for privately held and public companies.

Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Banaras Hindu University

 Lalita Gupte, Banker shes created a formidable global presence of what was once a native development finance institution. Accountholders can now bank at ICICI branches in UK, the Far East, West Asia and Canada. With ICICI since 1971, Gupte was the first woman to be inducted on the board in 1984.
Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Banaras Hindu University

Problems
Dual role to play at workplace & at home place Subordinate to men Just that her being women Non-awareness of facilities provided by government Competition with large scale units Problems related to marketing
Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Banaras Hindu University

Suggestions
Procedure of getting finance should be simple Effective propagation of programmes and yojna Linkages between product, services and market centers. Encouragement to technical and professional education.
Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Banaras Hindu University