Women and Entrepreneurship

- Some Aspects

Ms. B.Sridevi
 Why do Women Take-up
Employment?
• Push Factors
– Death of bread winner
– Sudden fall in family income
– Permanent inadequacy in income of the family
• Pull Factors
– Women’s desire to evaluate their talent
– To utilize their free time or education
– Need and perception of Women’s Liberation, Equity etc.
– To gain recognition, importance and social status.
– To get economic independence
 Categories of Women
Entrepreneurs
• Women in organized & unorganized
sector
• Women in traditional & modern
industries
• Women in urban & rural areas
• Women in large scale and small scale
industries.
• Single women and joint venture.
 Categories of Women
Entrepreneurs in Practice in India
• First Category
– Established in big cities
– Having higher level technical & professional qualifications
– Non traditional Items
– Sound financial positions
• Second Category
– Established in cities and towns
– Having sufficient education
– Both traditional and non traditional items
– Undertaking women services-kindergarten, crèches, beauty parlors,
health clinic etc.
• Third Category
– Illiterate women
– Financially week
– Involved in family business such as Agriculture, Horticulture, Animal
Husbandry, Dairy, Fisheries, Agro Forestry, Handloom, Powerloom etc.
Supportive Measures for Women’s Economic
Activities and Entrepreneurship

• Direct & indirect financial support

• Yojna schemes and programmes

• Technological training and awards

• Federations and associations

 Direct & Indirect Financial
Support
• Nationalized banks
• State finance corporation
• State industrial development corporation
• District industries centers
• Differential rate schemes
• Mahila Udyug Needhi scheme
• Small Industries Development Bank of India
(SIDBI)
• State Small Industrial Development
Corporations (SSIDCs)
 Yojna Schemes and
Programmes

• Nehru Rojgar Yojna

• Jawahar Rojgar Yojna
• TRYSEM
• DWACRA
 Technological Training and
Awards
• Stree Shakti Package by SBI
• Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India
• Trade Related Entrepreneurship Assistance and
Development (TREAD)
• National Institute of Small Business Extension
Training (NSIBET)
• Women’s University of Mumbai
Federations and Associations
• National Alliance of Young Entrepreneurs (NAYE)
• India Council of Women Entrepreneurs, New Delhi
• Self Employed Women’s Association (SEWA)
• Association of Women Entrepreneurs of Karnataka
(AWEK)
• World Association of Women Entrepreneurs
(WAWE)
• Associated Country Women of the World (ACWW)
 Women Entrepreneurship in
India
States No of Units No. of Women Percentage
Registered Entrepreneurs
Tamil Nadu 9618 2930 30.36
Uttar Pradesh 7980 3180 39.84
Kerala 5487 2135 38.91
Punjab 4791 1618 33.77
Maharastra 4339 1394 32.12
Gujrat 3872 1538 39.72
Karnatka 3822 1026 26.84
Madhya Pradesh 2967 842 28.38
Other States & 14576 4185 28.71
UTS
Total 57,452 18,848 32.82
 Women Work Participation
Country Percentage

India (1970-1971) 14.2

India (1980-1981) 19.7

India (1990-1991) 22.3

India (2000-2001) 31.6

USA 45

UK 43

Indonesia 40

Sri Lanka 35

Brazil 35
 CHALLENGES
`````````````1Gender based inequality Social
discrimination and economic exploitation
Occupation of girl child in domestic chores Low
enrolment of girls in schools and Low retention
rate and high dropout rate Women
Entrepreneurs and Networking
 Women Entrepreneurship in
India
• Earlier there were 3 Ks
– Kitchen
– Kids
– Knitting
• Then came 3 Ps
– Powder
– Pappad
– Pickles
• At present there are 4 Es
– Electricity
– Electronics
– Energy
– Engineering
 Some examples
• Mahila Grih Udyog
– 7 ladies started in 1959:
Lizzat Pappad
• Lakme
– Simon Tata
• Shipping coorporation
– Mrs. Sumati Morarji
• Exports
– Ms. Nina Mehrotra
• Herbal Heritage
– Ms. Shahnaz Hussain
• Balaji films
– Ekta Kapoor
• Naina Lal Kidwai,
Investment Banker
• Fortune magazine listed
her as one of the world’s
most powerful
businesswomen in 2003.
India Inc recognises her as
one of its most powerful
investment bankers. But
Naina Lal Kidwai, HSBC’s
deputy CEO, can’t be
reduced to simple woman-
banker equations; her
professional vision
transcends gender
• Shahnaz Husain, Herbal
Beauty Queen She’s the
"Estee Lauder of India",
with even famous
department stores like
Galleries Lafayette in Paris,
Harrods and Selfridges in
London and Bloomingdales
in New York stocking her
cosmetics, creams and
lotions.
• Vineeta Bali
• Director, Academic Success
Program
• she practiced law as a business
litigator for three years, and then
as a transactional attorney for the
Silicon Valley Law Group for
several years. Her main
responsibilities as a transactional
attorney were in the following
areas: mergers and acquisitions,
investor financing and corporate
funding, business formation and
corporate governance, securities
compliance for privately held and
public companies.
• Lalita Gupte, Banker
• she’s created a
formidable global
presence of what was
once a native
development finance
institution. Account-
holders can now bank at
ICICI branches in UK,
the Far East, West Asia
and Canada. With ICICI
since 1971, Gupte was
the first woman to be
inducted on the board in
1984.
 Problems
• Dual role to play at workplace & at home
place
• Subordinate to men
• Just that her being women
• Non-awareness of facilities provided by
government
• Competition with large scale units
• Problems related to marketing
 Suggestions
• Procedure of getting finance should
be simple
• Effective propagation of programmes
and yojna
• Linkages between product, services
and market centers.
• Encouragement to technical and
professional education.