ASSOC Displays or modifies file extension associations. ATTRIB Displays or changes file attributes.

BREAK Sets or clears extended CTRL+C checking. BCDBOOT* Used to copy critical files to the system partition and to create a new system BCD store. BCDEDIT Sets properties in boot database to control boot loading. CACLS Displays or modifies access control lists (ACLs) of files. CALL Calls one batch program from another. CD Displays the name of or changes the current directory. CHCP Displays or sets the active code page number. CHDIR Displays the name of or changes the current directory. CHKDSK Checks a disk and displays a status report. CHKNTFS Displays or modifies the checking of disk at boot time. CHOICE Batch file command that allows users to select from a set of options. CIPHER Displays or alters the encryption of directories [files] on NTFS partitions. CLIP Redirects output of another command to the Windows clipboard. CLS Clears the screen. CMD Starts a new instance of the Windows command interpreter. CMDKEY Creates, lists and deletes stored user names and passwords or credentials. COLOR Sets the default console foreground and background colors. COMP Compares the contents of two files or sets of files byte-by-byte COMPACT Displays or alters the compression of files on NTFS partitions.

CONVERT Converts FAT volumes to NTFS. You cannot convert the current drive. COPY Copies one or more files to another location. DATE Displays or sets the date. DEFRAG Disk defragmenter accessory. DEL Deletes one or more files. DIR Displays a list of files and subdirectories in a directory. DISKCOMP Compares the contents of two floppy disks. DISKCOPY Copies the contents of one floppy disk to another. DISKPART Displays or configures Disk Partition properties. A separte command interpreter with a subset of commands. DOSKEY Edits command lines, recalls Windows commands, and creates macros. DRIVERQUERY Displays current device driver status and properties. ECHO Displays messages, or turns command echoing on or off. ENDLOCAL Ends localization of environment changes in a batch file. ERASE Deletes one or more files. EXIT Quits and closes the command shell. EXPAND Expands one or more compressed files. FC Compares two files or sets of files, and displays the differences between them. FIND Searches for a text string in a file or files. FINDSTR Searches for strings in files. FOR Runs a specified command for each item in a set. FORFILES Selects files in a folder for batch processing.

FORMAT Formats a disk for use with Windows. FSUTIL Displays or configures the file system properties. FTYPE Displays or modifies file types used in file extension associations. GOTO Directs the Windows command interpreter to a labeled line in a batch program. GPRESULT Displays Group Policy information for machine or user. GRAFTABL Enables Windows to display an extended character set in graphics mode. HELP Provides Help information for Windows commands. ICACLS Display, modify, backup, or restore ACLs for files and directories IF Performs conditional processing in batch programs. IPCONFIG Displays all current TCP/IP network configuration values LABEL Creates, changes, or deletes the volume label of a disk. MD Creates a directory. MKDIR Creates a directory. MKLINK Creates Symbolic Links and Hard Links MODE Configures a system device. MORE Displays output one screen at a time. MOVE Moves one or more files from one directory to another directory. OPENFILES Queries, displays, or disconnects open files or files opened by network users. PATH Displays or sets a search path for executable files. PAUSE Suspends processing of a batch file and displays a message. POPD Restores the previous value of the current directory saved by PUSHD.

PRINT Prints a text file. PROMPT Changes the Windows command prompt. PUSHD Saves the current directory then changes it. RD Removes a directory. RECOVER Recovers readable information from a bad or defective disk. REM Designates comments (remarks) in batch files REN Renames a file or files. RENAME Renames a file or files. REPLACE Replaces files. RMDIR Removes a directory. ROBOCOPY Advanced utility to copy files and directory trees SET Displays, sets, or removes environment variables for current session. SETLOCAL Begins localization of environment changes in a batch file. SETX Sets environment variables. SC Displays or configures services (background processes). SCHTASKS Schedules commands and programs to run on a computer. SHIFT Shifts the position of replaceable parameters in batch files. SHUTDOWN Allows proper local or remote shutdown of machine. SORT Sorts input. START Starts a separate window to run a specified program or command. SUBST Associates a path with a drive letter.

SYSTEMINFO Displays machine specific properties and configuration. TAKEOWN Allows an administrator to take ownership of a file. TASKLIST Displays all currently running tasks including services. TASKKILL Kill or stop a running process or application. TIME Displays or sets the system time. TIMEOUT Pauses the command processor for the specified number of seconds. TITLE Sets the window title for a CMD.EXE session. TREE Graphically displays the directory structure of a drive or path. TYPE Displays the contents of a text file. VER Displays the Windows version. VERIFY Tells Windows whether to verify that your files are written correctly to a disk. VOL Displays a disk volume label and serial number. VSSADMIN Volume Shadow Copy Service administration tool WHERE Displays the location of files that match a search pattern. XCOPY Copies files and directory trees. WMIC Displays WMI information inside interactive command shell.

The ls (LiSt) lists files in different colors with full formatted text Create Directories: - mkdir (directory name) The mkdir (MaKeDIRectory) command will create a directory. Change Directories: - cd (/directory/location)

The cd (Change Directory) command will change from your current directory to any directory you specify. Copy Files/Directories: - cp (file or directory name) (to directory or filename) The cp (CoPy) command will copy any files you specify. The cp -r command will copy any directories you specify. Remove Files/Directories: - rm (file or directory name) The rm (ReMove) command will delete any filename you specify. The rm -r command will remove any directory you specify, and all its contents. Move/Rename Files/Directories: - mv (file or directory name) The mv (MoVe) command will move/rename any file or directory you specify.
adduser addgroup alias apropos apt-get aptitude aspell awk b basename bash bc bg break builtin bzip2 c cal Display a calendar case Conditionally perform a command cat Concatenate and print (display) the contents of file(s) cd Change Directory cfdisk Partition table manipulator for Linux chgrp Change group ownership chmod Change access permissions chown Change file owner and group chroot Run a command with a different root directory chkconfig System services (runlevel) cksum Print CRC checksum and byte counts clear Clear terminal screen cmp Compare two files comm Compare two sorted files line by line command Run a command - ignoring shell functions continue Resume the next iteration of a loop cp Copy one or more files to another location cron Daemon to execute scheduled commands crontab Schedule a command to run at a later time Strip directory and suffix from filenames GNU Bourne-Again SHell Arbitrary precision calculator language Send to background Exit from a loop Run a shell builtin Compress or decompress named file(s) Add a user to the system Add a group to the system Create an alias Search Help manual pages (man -k) Search for and install software packages (Debian/Ubuntu) Search for and install software packages (Debian/Ubuntu) Spell Checker Find and Replace text, database sort/validate/index

csplit cut d

Split a file into context-determined pieces Divide a file into several parts

date Display or change the date & time dc Desk Calculator dd Convert and copy a file, write disk headers, boot records ddrescue Data recovery tool declare Declare variables and give them attributes df Display free disk space diff Display the differences between two files diff3 Show differences among three files dig DNS lookup dir Briefly list directory contents dircolors Colour setup for `ls' dirname Convert a full pathname to just a path dirs Display list of remembered directories dmesg Print kernel & driver messages du Estimate file space usage e echo egrep eject enable env ethtool eval exec exit expect expand export expr f false fdformat fdisk fg fgrep file find fmt fold for format free fsck ftp function fuser g gawk getopts grep groups gzip h hash Remember the full pathname of a name argument Find and Replace text within file(s) Parse positional parameters Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern Print group names a user is in Compress or decompress named file(s) Do nothing, unsuccessfully Low-level format a floppy disk Partition table manipulator for Linux Send job to foreground Search file(s) for lines that match a fixed string Determine file type Search for files that meet a desired criteria Reformat paragraph text Wrap text to fit a specified width. Expand words, and execute commands Format disks or tapes Display memory usage File system consistency check and repair File Transfer Protocol Define Function Macros Identify/kill the process that is accessing a file Display message on screen Search file(s) for lines that match an extended expression Eject removable media Enable and disable builtin shell commands Environment variables Ethernet card settings Evaluate several commands/arguments Execute a command Exit the shell Automate arbitrary applications accessed over a terminal Convert tabs to spaces Set an environment variable Evaluate expressions

head help history hostname i iconv id if ifconfig ifdown ifup import install j jobs join k kill killall l less let ln local locate logname logout look lpc lpr lprint lprintd lprintq lprm ls lsof m make man mkdir mkfifo mkisofs mknod more mount mtools mtr mv mmv n

Output the first part of file(s) Display help for a built-in command Command History Print or set system name Convert the character set of a file Print user and group id's Conditionally perform a command Configure a network interface Stop a network interface Start a network interface up Capture an X server screen and save the image to file Copy files and set attributes List active jobs Join lines on a common field Stop a process from running Kill processes by name Display output one screen at a time Perform arithmetic on shell variables Make links between files Create variables Find files Print current login name Exit a login shell Display lines beginning with a given string Line printer control program Off line print Print a file Abort a print job List the print queue Remove jobs from the print queue List information about file(s) List open files Recompile a group of programs Help manual Create new folder(s) Make FIFOs (named pipes) Create an hybrid ISO9660/JOLIET/HFS filesystem Make block or character special files Display output one screen at a time Mount a file system Manipulate MS-DOS files Network diagnostics (traceroute/ping) Move or rename files or directories Mass Move and rename (files)

netstat Networking information nice Set the priority of a command or job nl Number lines and write files nohup Run a command immune to hangups notify-send Send desktop notifications nslookup Query Internet name servers interactively o

open op p passwd paste pathchk ping pkill popd pr printcap printenv printf ps pushd pwd q

Open a file in its default application Operator access Modify a user password Merge lines of files Check file name portability Test a network connection Stop processes from running Restore the previous value of the current directory Prepare files for printing Printer capability database Print environment variables Format and print data Process status Save and then change the current directory Print Working Directory

quota Display disk usage and limits quotacheck Scan a file system for disk usage quotactl Set disk quotas r ram ram disk device rcp Copy files between two machines read Read a line from standard input readarray Read from stdin into an array variable readonly Mark variables/functions as readonly reboot Reboot the system rename Rename files renice Alter priority of running processes remsync Synchronize remote files via email return Exit a shell function rev Reverse lines of a file rm Remove files rmdir Remove folder(s) rsync Remote file copy (Synchronize file trees) s screen scp sdiff sed select seq set sftp shift shopt shutdown sleep slocate sort source split ssh strace su sudo sum Multiplex terminal, run remote shells via ssh Secure copy (remote file copy) Merge two files interactively Stream Editor Accept keyboard input Print numeric sequences Manipulate shell variables and functions Secure File Transfer Program Shift positional parameters Shell Options Shutdown or restart linux Delay for a specified time Find files Sort text files Run commands from a file `.' Split a file into fixed-size pieces Secure Shell client (remote login program) Trace system calls and signals Substitute user identity Execute a command as another user Print a checksum for a file

suspend symlink sync t

Suspend execution of this shell Make a new name for a file Synchronize data on disk with memory

tail Output the last part of files tar Tape ARchiver tee Redirect output to multiple files test Evaluate a conditional expression time Measure Program running time times User and system times touch Change file timestamps top List processes running on the system traceroute Trace Route to Host trap Run a command when a signal is set(bourne) tr Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters true Do nothing, successfully tsort Topological sort tty Print filename of terminal on stdin type Describe a command u ulimit umask umount unalias uname unexpand uniq units unset unshar until useradd usermod users uuencode uudecode v v vdir vi vmstat w watch wc whereis which while who whoami Wget write x xargs xdg-open yes . ### Execute utility, passing constructed argument list(s) Open a file or URL in the user's preferred application. Print a string until interrupted Run a command script in the current shell Comment / Remark Execute/display a program periodically Print byte, word, and line counts Search the user's $path, man pages and source files for a program Search the user's $path for a program file Execute commands Print all usernames currently logged in Print the current user id and name (`id -un') Retrieve web pages or files via HTTP, HTTPS or FTP Send a message to another user Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b') Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b') Text Editor Report virtual memory statistics Limit user resources Users file creation mask Unmount a device Remove an alias Print system information Convert spaces to tabs Uniquify files Convert units from one scale to another Remove variable or function names Unpack shell archive scripts Execute commands (until error) Create new user account Modify user account List users currently logged in Encode a binary file Decode a file created by uuencode