Professional Documents
Culture Documents
4
What are you going to learn?
To define inequality To define a linear inequality with one variable
Key Terms:
inequality linear Inequality with one variable solution and solution set
If the sentence The number of students in this class is less than 25 persons is grouped according to the phrases, we get
English expression Number of students in this class
Is less than
25
Mathematical Expression
(i)
(ii)
17 years
(iii)
Maximum Passengers 6 people
(iv)
Figure 4.14
Passengers cannot exceed 15 people
i) it means that maximum speed is 60 km/hr. ii) it means that the person to watch the movie must be 17 years old or more. iii) it means that the number of passengers of the car cannot be more than 6. iv) it means that the maximum number of the passengers is 15. Work in groups or pairs. Using Figure 4.14. Answer the following questions 1. Express your opinion, why is there a rule in each figure above? 2. Let t be the speed of a car, m be the age of visitors, s be the number of passengers of the car, h be the number of passengers of a ship. Write the condition of t, m, s and h in the mathematical expression.
Problem 3
Look again at your answer to Problem 2. a). Does each requirement that you have written has a variable? b). How many variables are there in each requirement? c). What is the power of the variable? d). Which notation do you use in your answer to Problem 2? ( =, , , <, > ) e). In your answers to problem 2, which ones are open
sentences?
An open sentence using the sign >, , <, or is called an inequality. An inequality that contains one variable of which the power is one is called a linear inequality with one variable.
From your answer to problem 2, which sentence is called a linear inequality with one variable?
Figure 4.14 gives some examples of a real life situation related to the linear inequality with one variable. Find another example of daily life situation related to weight, height, square, volume, report grades or others which can be stated in a linear inequality with one variable.
Problem 4
Ida has 5 packs of writing books. Diah has 3 packs of writing books. The number of writing books in each pack is the same. Ida gives 3 books to Susi and Diah receives extra 9 books from her mother. The number of Diahs books is more than the number of Idas books. If each pack contains n pieces of books, a). b). c). write the relation between 5n 3 and 3n + 9. find the value of n so that it holds for that relation. find the value of n so that it does not hold for that
relation.
Every inequality contains variables. The substitution of a variable that makes the sentence true is called a solution of the inequality. The set of all solutions is called a solution set of that inequality. -5 is a solution of the inequality 2x 5 < -x + 2, because 2.(-5) 5 < -(-5) + 2 is a true statement. 4 is not a solution 4.(4) 12 of the inequality 4t 12 > 2t + 1, because >2.(4) + 1 is a false statement.
-4
-3
-2
-1
What numbers are solutions of the inequality x < 3? Is 4 a solution of that inequality? Is 3 a solution of that inequality? Is 2 a solution of that inequality? Is 1 a solution of that inequality? Is 0 a solution of that inequality? Is -1 a solution of that inequality? Is -2 a solution of that inequality? Is -3 a solution of that inequality? Can you mention all solutions of that inequality? The solutions can be described on the following number line. 0
3
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
x = 3 on the line is not dotted because 3 is not a solution. The graph of solution of t 3 is
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
Problem 5
Sketch the graph solution of the following inequality on a number line. a. y -1 b. m < 5 c. n 0.
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
If both sides are added by 2, then we obtain a statement -2 < 3. That statement is also true. In the example above, adding 2 to both sides does not change the truth value of the statement. Now, look at statement -3 < 1. That statement is true.
The line number below shows what happens if 2 is subtracted from both sides.
-2
-2
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
If 2 is subtracted from both sides, then we obtain a statement -5 < -1. That statement is still true. In the above example, subtracting 2 from both of sides does not change the truth of the statement.
Add or subtract a certain number as you wish from both sides. Are the statements that you have always true?
Example 1
Find the solution set of the following inequalities: a. y + 2 > 6 b. x 3 2, x is an integer between 3 and 8. Solution : a. y + 2 > 6 y + 2 2 > 6 2 both sides) y>4 The graph :
( 2 is subtracted from
0
4
Another way:
Because the solutions are not so many, we can check them one by one. x = -2 (-2) 3 2 x = 3 (3) 3 2 -5 2 (true) 0 2 (true) x = -1 (-1) 3 2 x = 4 (4) 3 2 -4 2 (true) 1 2 (true) x = 0 (0) 3 2 x = 5 (5) 3 2 -3 2 (true) 2 2 (true) x = 1 (1) 3 2 x = 6 (6) 3 2 -2 2 (true) 3 2 (false) x = 2 (2) 3 2 x = 7 (7) 3 2 -1 2 (true) 4 2 (false) Thus, the solution is -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
In your opinion, which way is easier and more efficient? Comprehension Check
Find the solution set and sketch the graph of the solution of the following inequalities. a. w + 2 > -1 b. 8 < 5 + r 3
4>1
12 = 4 . 3 multiplied by 3) ... = 4.2 multiplied by 2) ... = 4.1 ... = 4.0 . . . = 4 . -1 -8 = 4 . -2 1. 1 = . . .(both sides are multiplied by 1) 1. 0 = . . (both sides are multiplied by 0) 1. -1 = . (both sides are multiplied by -1) 1. -2 = -2 (both sides are multiplied by -2) . . . = 4 . -3 1. -3 = . . (both sides are multiplied by -3) 1. 2 = . . . (both sides are 1. 3 = 3 (both sides are
8 < 12
... = 8:4 4 = 8:2 ... = 8:
1 2
-8 = 8 : -1 divided by -1) . . . = 8 : -2
12 : -1 = -12
. . . = 8 : -4
Compare the sign in the box that you have filled with the sign of the beginning statement. What happens if both sides are multiplied by a positive number, by
zero, or by a negative number? And what happens if both sides are divided by a positive number, or by a negative number?
Example 2
Find the solution set of the following inequalities, and then sketch the graph of the solution on a number line. a. x < -1. 2 b. - 2 x 2. 3 c. 4x 2 < -2x + 10, x is an integer between -1 and 8 Solution : a. x < -1 2 2.
x < 2. 1 2
The graph : 0
-5
-4
-3
-2
b.
- 2 x 2. 3 3.(- 2 x) 3.2 (both sides are multiplied by 3, 3 the sign does not change) -2x 6 2x 6 2 2 x -3. (both sides are divided by 2, the sign changes into the opposite)
The graph :
-5
-4
-3
A car can carry loads not more than 2000 kg. The weight of the driver and his assistant is 150 kg. He will lift some boxes of goods. The weight of each box is 50 kg. a) What is the maximum number of boxes that can be carried in one route? b) If he carries 350 boxes, what is the minimum number of the route that must be done?
1. Write an inequality that can state the following cases. a) The driver must be 17 years old or more. b) There are more than 20 species of crocodile. c) Bus passengers cannot exceed 60 people. 2. Which of the following statements is a linear inequality with one variable? If the statement is not true, give your reason. a) b) 3t + 7 t y . (y +2) > 2y 1 c) 2m m < 0 d) y+y5 c) x x2 > 3
3. Find the solution set for each inequality, and then sketch the graph of the solution on a number line. a) x 1 > 10 b) w + 4 9 c) 5 > b 1 d)
3 + k -45 2
f)
47 7 t5 2 1 -1 2
g) h h) -7
3 1 1 + m + -2 4 2 4
i) 3.(v 3) 5 3v j)
4 2 1 r3<r+ - r 3 3 3
e) 2 < s 8
4. Critical Thinking Find the value of a so that the inequality ax + 4 -12 has the solution presented in the graph below.
-5
-4
-3
-2