5.

What are you going to

learn? Scaled Drawings
T To find a size in a
map, actual
measurement or
scale. n geography, you often want to locate an island,
T To find the size of a
photo/ model or
I river, city or mountain in a certain place. You
real object. c ann ot see all of those objects in a whole. Therefore a
T To calculate drawing (i.e a map) is made to represent the reality.
enlargement factor This drawing is made to resemble the reality with a
and reduction
ratio (scale).
factor in scale
drawing. An architect who will build a building must make
Key Terms a scaled drawing which is usually called a design. The
building and its design both have the same form but
• scale
• map are different in size.
You do so if you want to draw your classroom. The
classroom and your drawing both have the same
form, but are different in size. The design and
drawing are made the same as the reality with a ratio
(scale).
The figure on the next page is a map of the East
Kalimantan Province with a scale of 1 : 6,000,000. It means that 1
cm on the map represents 6,000,000 cm in the actual size. This scale
is a ratio of the size on the map to the actual size, or 6,000,000 cm
in reality will be drawn on the map as 1 cm.

Scale = Distance on the map : Real Distance

Mathematics for Junior High School Year 7 / 183

 Map of the East Kalimantan Province

Scale 1 : 6,000,000

184 / Student’s Book - Proportion

EXAMPLE 1

Look at the map of East Kalimantan. What is the distance between

Samarinda and Balikpapan?
Answer:
On the map, measure the distance between Balikpapan and Samarinda.
The distance on the map is about 2.5 cm.
Scale 1 : 6,000,000
The real distance = 2.5 x 6,000,000 = 15,000,000
Therefore, the distance between Balikpapan and Samarinda is
15,000,000 cm = 150 km ( 1 km = 100,000 cm).

EXAMPLE 2

The distance between Samarinda and Tarakan in East Kalimantan

Province is 672 km. Find the distance between the cities on the map
with the scale of 1 : 6,000,000.
Answer:
Scale 1 : 6,000,000
Real distance = 672 km
= 67,000,000 cm
The distance on the map is x cm.

Scale = Distance on the map : Real Distance

1 χ
=
6 ,000 ,000 67 ,200 ,000
6 . 000 . 000 χ = 67 ,200 ,000
67 ,200 ,000
χ =
6 ,000 ,000
672
= = 11 . 2
60

Mathematics for Junior High School Year 7 / 185

 So, the distance between Samarinda and Tarakan on the map is
about 11.2 cm.

EXAMPLE 3

On another map, the distance between Samarinda and

Sangkulirang on the map is 6 cm. The real distance between those
cities is 180 km. Find the scale of the map.
Answer:
Distance on map = 6 cm
Real distance = 180 km = 18,000,000 cm

Scale = Distance on the map : Real Distance

= 6 : 18,000,000
= 1 : 3,000,000 Simplify by dividing by 6
The scale of the map is 1 : 3,000,000.

Try It Out!
Using the map of East Kalimantan Province, find the distance on the
map and the real distance between Samarinda and the following cities:
a) Tanjung Redeb
b) Tanjung Selor
c) Sengata
d) Bontang
e) Muaramawa

Photos and Scaled Models

Do you know photographs (photos)? Of course you do.

Photographs can be printed in a photo studio with certain sizes,
such as 2 x 3 or 4 x 6. A 2 x 3 photo is similar to a 4 x 6 photo in
shape, since the corresponding parts of both photos have the
same ratio.
186 / Student’s Book - Proportion
 Before a plane or a car is constructed, usually a model of that
plane or car is made. Parts of the plane or car have the same ratio
as the corresponding parts (namely its height, width, and length)
in the model.
Also, before a shopping centre or office building is
constructed, usually a model or design is made. The length of the
model and the length of the building, the width of model and the
width of the building, and the height of the model and the height
of the building have the same ratio.

Length of model Width of model Height of model

= =
Length of building Width of building Height of building

EXAMPLE 4
The heights of a door and a window model are 8 cm and 4 cm,
respectively. The real height of the window is 1 m. What is the
real height of the door?
Answer :
The height of the door model is 8 cm.
The height of the window model is 4 cm.
The height of the window is 1 m = 100 cm.
The height of the door is x cm.

Height of the door model Height of the window model

=
Height of the door Height of the window
8 4
=
x 100

4 x = 800
x = 200

The height of the door is 200 cm.

Try to solve that problem in another way.

Mathematics for Junior High School Year 7 / 187

 EXAMPLE 5

The size of photo I is 4 × 6 and

the size of photo II is 2 × 3.
What is the ratio of photo II to
photo I?

Photo I Photo II

Answer:
The size of photo I is 4 x 6, which means 4 cm in width and 6 cm
in length. The size of photo II is 2 x 3, which means 2 cm in width
and 3 cm in length.

The width of photo II 2 1 The length of photo II 3 1

= = and = =
The width of photo I 4 2 The lenght of photo I 6 2

The ratio of photo II to photo I is 1 : 2.

1
The size of photo II is as a result of the reduction of times of
2
photo I; conversely, the size of photo I is the enlargement of 2
times of photo II.
1
Thus, the reduction factor of photo I to photo II is . Meanwhile,
2
the enlargement factor of photo II to photo I is 2.

188 / Student’s Book - Proportion

 1. The figure below is a map of Central Kalimantan Province. Using a
ruler, measure the distances on the map. Find the real distances from
Palangkaraya to Pangkalanbun, Muarateweh, Buntok, Sampit and
Kualakapuas and then complete the following table.

City Distance on the map Distance in reality

from Palangkaraya from Palangkaraya
1. Pangkalanbun ……………………… ………………………
2. Muarateweh ……………………… ………………………
3. Buntok ……………………… ………………………
4. Sampit ……………………… ………………………
5. Kualakapuas ……………………… ………………………

Map of Central Kalimantan Province

Mathematics for Junior High School Year 7 / 189

 Scale 1 : 6,000,000

2. A volleyball field has a size of 18 m x 9 m. The distance from

the attack line to the centre line is 3 m. Make a scaled drawing
of the volleyball field with the scale of 1 cm representing 2 m.
What is the distance from the attack line to the centre line in
the scaled drawing?

3. The scaled drawing of a rectangular classroom is 1 : 100. If the

size of the classroom is 8 m x 9 m, draw the scaled drawing of
the classroom.

4. A cupboard has the height of 200 cm, the length of 100 cm and
the width of 60 cm. If that cupboard is modeled with the
height of 20 cm, find the length and the width of the model.

5. A photograph of money has the length of 9 cm and the width

of 4.1 cm. If the width of the money is 6.5 cm, find its length.

6. A building which is seen on a television screen is 10 cm in

height and 8 cm in width. If the width of the building is 42
m, what is the height of it?

7. A football field has the size of 75 m x 110 m. The distance from the
penalty point to the goal is 11 metres.
a. Make a scaled drawing of that field with the scale of 1 : 1,000.

190 / Student’s Book - Proportion

 b. Find the distance from the penalty point to the goal in your
scaled drawing.

8. A square field has the size of 20 m x 20 m. That field will be drawn

with the size of 5 cm x 5 cm. Find
a. the scale
b. the reduction factor (ratio of the field to its model).

9. Model . A plane on
the right figure has
the body length of 7.2
cm and the wing
length of 5.4 cm. Find
the length of the real
body, if the length of
the real wing is 50 m.

10. Model . The length and height of a car are 4.4 m and 1.1 m,
respectively. The model of that car has the height of 2 cm.
Find the length of the model.

10. Model. The height of the house and the door in a photograph is 6 cm and 1.5 cm
respectively. If the real height of the house is 5 m, find the real height of the door.

Mathematics for Junior High School Year 7 / 191

192 / Student’s Book - Proportion